Download Immune System Reading Guide

AP Biology
Jones
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Immune System
Reading Guide
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What is the difference between innate immunity and acquired (adaptive) immunity? What does it
mean to say one is non-specific and the other is specific? Which one is which?
What are two types of innate immunity and give examples of both types?
How does the skin and mucous membranes provide a hostile environment for microbes? (Make sure
you know what a mucous membrane is.)
What is a lysozyme and where are they located?
When a microbe enters the body via a break in the skin, what is the body’s first line of defense?
Include the term phagocytosis in your answer.
Phagocytes are examples of a non-specific, cell mediated immune response. Outline the mechanism of
how these cells work in your defense.
Four types of leukocytes (WBCs) are phagocytes. Create a table or bulleted list to explain their
general functions and where they are located.
The lymphatic system is part of innate immunity. What structures of the body make up this system?
Explain why an inflammatory response occurs and what is the role of histamines in such response?
What are the key cells of acquired immunity?
Give an example of how innate and acquired defenses interact.
What is an antigen and what are their epitopes?
Back to those “key cells of acquired immunity” – lymphocytes. What are two types, where do they
circulate in the body, and where are they concentrated? In general, what do they do?
The principal functions of B-cells are to make antibodies against antigens. What is an antibody, how
are they different than a B-cell? What is another name for an antibody?
Where do lymphocytes originate? In what parts of the body do they become specifically B-cells and
T-cells?
Note: So all in all, your acquired immunity consisted of lymphocytes (B-cells and T-cells) and
antibodies to help you defend against microbes that got past your innate immunity.
Explain the primary immune response.
Explain the secondary immune response.
What are two branches of acquired immunity? What types of lymphocytes do each produce?