On the Role of the Pontine Brainstem in Vocal Pattern Generation: A
... Neuronal activity was recorded during all call types uttered. Quantitative data analysis was done for two highly frequency-modulated call types with a rhythmical character (trill, cackle), a high-pitched (peep), and a low-pitched nonrhythmic call (caw). Examples of these call types are depicted in F ...
... Neuronal activity was recorded during all call types uttered. Quantitative data analysis was done for two highly frequency-modulated call types with a rhythmical character (trill, cackle), a high-pitched (peep), and a low-pitched nonrhythmic call (caw). Examples of these call types are depicted in F ...
Telencephalon
... telencephalic vesicle during development Head (Rostrum) more voluminous in the human than the body ...
... telencephalic vesicle during development Head (Rostrum) more voluminous in the human than the body ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... actions, such as reaching and grasping, during which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early i ...
... actions, such as reaching and grasping, during which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early i ...
Stimulus-Specific Adaptation in Auditory Cortex Is an NMDA
... – First, during an oddball paradigm with frequency deviants, neuronal responses showed clear SSA but failed to encode novelty in a manner analogous to the human MMN. – Second, oddball paradigms using intensity or duration deviants revealed a pattern of unit responses that showed sensory adaptation, ...
... – First, during an oddball paradigm with frequency deviants, neuronal responses showed clear SSA but failed to encode novelty in a manner analogous to the human MMN. – Second, oddball paradigms using intensity or duration deviants revealed a pattern of unit responses that showed sensory adaptation, ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... actions, such as reaching and grasping, during which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early i ...
... actions, such as reaching and grasping, during which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early i ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... actions, such as reaching and grasping, during which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early i ...
... actions, such as reaching and grasping, during which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early i ...
Different Stimuli, Different Spatial Codes: A Visual Map and an
... not been reported in the primate brain. Instead, recent studies have suggested that sound location may be encoded via broadly responsive neurons whose firing rates vary roughly proportionately with sound azimuth. Within frontal space, maps and such rate codes involve different response patterns at t ...
... not been reported in the primate brain. Instead, recent studies have suggested that sound location may be encoded via broadly responsive neurons whose firing rates vary roughly proportionately with sound azimuth. Within frontal space, maps and such rate codes involve different response patterns at t ...
Three-dimensional auditory localization in the
... acoustic imaging system, which they exploit to forage, avoid obstacles and orient in complete darkness. Bats transmit brief, intense, ultrasound signals and process information contained in the returning echoes to determine the position, size and shape of reflecting objects [7,8]. The acoustic featu ...
... acoustic imaging system, which they exploit to forage, avoid obstacles and orient in complete darkness. Bats transmit brief, intense, ultrasound signals and process information contained in the returning echoes to determine the position, size and shape of reflecting objects [7,8]. The acoustic featu ...
Mirror neurons and their clinical relevance
... rather than the movements from which they are constructed.8,9 The PFG and anterior intraparietal areas are both connected with the F5 area and the cortex of the superior temporal sulcus. Neurons in the superior temporial sulcus have complex visual properties, and some respond to the observation of m ...
... rather than the movements from which they are constructed.8,9 The PFG and anterior intraparietal areas are both connected with the F5 area and the cortex of the superior temporal sulcus. Neurons in the superior temporial sulcus have complex visual properties, and some respond to the observation of m ...
Sensory experience and the formation of a computational map of
... The processing of sensory information, and most other aspects of brain function, relies on the specificity with which connections are formed between neurons in the central nervous system. Studies of the visual system in particular have shown that several mechanisms are used during development to gui ...
... The processing of sensory information, and most other aspects of brain function, relies on the specificity with which connections are formed between neurons in the central nervous system. Studies of the visual system in particular have shown that several mechanisms are used during development to gui ...
PDF - Department of Neurobiology and Behavior
... shifted data. P values for the rate minimum and maximum of the real data set were calculated by analyzing the frequency with which shifted data sets generated larger maxima or smaller minima in firing rates. Maximal rate increases and decreases with P values ⬍0.05 were considered significant. The am ...
... shifted data. P values for the rate minimum and maximum of the real data set were calculated by analyzing the frequency with which shifted data sets generated larger maxima or smaller minima in firing rates. Maximal rate increases and decreases with P values ⬍0.05 were considered significant. The am ...
Morphology of Feedback Neurons in the Mushroom Body of the
... Wild-Polyvar microscope (Leica, Bensheim, Germany). For this study, 28 specimens were evaluated. Each consisted of 1–20 marked neurons; thus, more than 200 neurons were stained and analyzed. According to their branching patterns, the feedback neurons could be classified into different classes. Howev ...
... Wild-Polyvar microscope (Leica, Bensheim, Germany). For this study, 28 specimens were evaluated. Each consisted of 1–20 marked neurons; thus, more than 200 neurons were stained and analyzed. According to their branching patterns, the feedback neurons could be classified into different classes. Howev ...
A computational account for the ontogeny of mirror neurons via
... In the early 1990s, mirror neurons were discovered in the ventral premotor cortex of the macaque monkey (Di Pellegrino et al., 1992). These neurons fired both when the monkeys grabbed an object and when they watched another primate grab that same object. Mirror neuron-like activity has been observed ...
... In the early 1990s, mirror neurons were discovered in the ventral premotor cortex of the macaque monkey (Di Pellegrino et al., 1992). These neurons fired both when the monkeys grabbed an object and when they watched another primate grab that same object. Mirror neuron-like activity has been observed ...
Neural Coding and Auditory Perception
... Chapter 31. Neural Coding and Auditory Perception later on. Moreover, the degradation is not as large as predicted by a binaural processing model [9] based upon the average interaural cross-correlation over the entire stimulus duration. Neurons whose temporal response patterns are most onset-domina ...
... Chapter 31. Neural Coding and Auditory Perception later on. Moreover, the degradation is not as large as predicted by a binaural processing model [9] based upon the average interaural cross-correlation over the entire stimulus duration. Neurons whose temporal response patterns are most onset-domina ...
PINP: A New Method of Tagging Neuronal Populations
... Neural circuits are exquisitely organized, consisting of many different neuronal subpopulations. However, it is difficult to assess the functional roles of these subpopulations using conventional extracellular recording techniques because these techniques do not easily distinguish spikes from differ ...
... Neural circuits are exquisitely organized, consisting of many different neuronal subpopulations. However, it is difficult to assess the functional roles of these subpopulations using conventional extracellular recording techniques because these techniques do not easily distinguish spikes from differ ...
Matching tutor to student: rules and mechanisms for
... the output typically involved two different channels, each with its own target, but for brevity, in figures we typically show the output from only one of these. We tested tutors that were matched or mismatched to the plasticity rule to see how effectively they instructed the student. Fig. 3A shows c ...
... the output typically involved two different channels, each with its own target, but for brevity, in figures we typically show the output from only one of these. We tested tutors that were matched or mismatched to the plasticity rule to see how effectively they instructed the student. Fig. 3A shows c ...
Neuron Production, Neuron Number, and Structure Size Are
... bird. An estimate of measurement reliability was made by remeasuring the hippocampus of the first brain traced, 2 months after the first tracing was made. Pearson correlations were calculated for the areas of both hemispheres (n ⫽ 12). The correlation coefficients were .981 and .899. The volumes of ...
... bird. An estimate of measurement reliability was made by remeasuring the hippocampus of the first brain traced, 2 months after the first tracing was made. Pearson correlations were calculated for the areas of both hemispheres (n ⫽ 12). The correlation coefficients were .981 and .899. The volumes of ...
Number, size and distribution of ganglion neurons in urinary bladder
... undetected. The cells which stained intensely were undoubtedly neurons owing to their typical morphology. Furthermore, the results of this study confirm those of Gabella (1990) who demonstrated, with the aid of an NADH stain, that the intramural ganglia present in the Guinea-pig urinary bladder cont ...
... undetected. The cells which stained intensely were undoubtedly neurons owing to their typical morphology. Furthermore, the results of this study confirm those of Gabella (1990) who demonstrated, with the aid of an NADH stain, that the intramural ganglia present in the Guinea-pig urinary bladder cont ...
A neural theory of speech acquisition and production
... speech sound map to the auditory error map in Fig. 1. The target encodes the allowable variability of the acoustic signal throughout the duration of the syllable. The use of target regions, rather than points, is an important aspect of the DIVA model that provides a unified explanation for a wide ran ...
... speech sound map to the auditory error map in Fig. 1. The target encodes the allowable variability of the acoustic signal throughout the duration of the syllable. The use of target regions, rather than points, is an important aspect of the DIVA model that provides a unified explanation for a wide ran ...
Different Subthreshold Mechanisms Underlie Song Selectivity in
... brain nuclei used for song production, development, and perception are song selective, firing more to forward auditory playback of the bird’s own song (BOS) than to reverse BOS or conspecific songs (Margoliash, 1983; Doupe and Konishi, 1991; Janata and Margoliash, 1999). Elucidating the circuitry un ...
... brain nuclei used for song production, development, and perception are song selective, firing more to forward auditory playback of the bird’s own song (BOS) than to reverse BOS or conspecific songs (Margoliash, 1983; Doupe and Konishi, 1991; Janata and Margoliash, 1999). Elucidating the circuitry un ...
Maruska & Tricas 2009b
... semicircular canals that serve a vestibular function to encode angular accelerations, and three otolithic endorgans (saccule, lagena, and utricle) that serve gravistasis and auditory functions to encode linear particle motion. Auditory information is transferred from the hair-cell sensory maculae vi ...
... semicircular canals that serve a vestibular function to encode angular accelerations, and three otolithic endorgans (saccule, lagena, and utricle) that serve gravistasis and auditory functions to encode linear particle motion. Auditory information is transferred from the hair-cell sensory maculae vi ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... (GABA)-immunoreactive feedback neurons are the most prominent neuron group. The plasticity of inhibitory neural activity within the mushroom body was investigated by analyzing modulations of odor responses of feedback neurons during olfactory learning in vivo. In the honeybee, Apis mellifera, feedba ...
... (GABA)-immunoreactive feedback neurons are the most prominent neuron group. The plasticity of inhibitory neural activity within the mushroom body was investigated by analyzing modulations of odor responses of feedback neurons during olfactory learning in vivo. In the honeybee, Apis mellifera, feedba ...
Granger causality analysis of state dependent functional connectivity
... Sanggyun Kim, Todd P. Coleman, Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos, and Callum F. Ross Abstract— Primate feeding behavior is characterized by a series of jaw movement cycles of different types making it ideal for investigating the role of motor cortex in controlling transitions between different kinematic state ...
... Sanggyun Kim, Todd P. Coleman, Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos, and Callum F. Ross Abstract— Primate feeding behavior is characterized by a series of jaw movement cycles of different types making it ideal for investigating the role of motor cortex in controlling transitions between different kinematic state ...
BOLD fMRI study of ultrahigh frequency encoding in the
... a b s t r a c t Many vertebrates communicate with ultrahigh frequency (UHF) vocalizations to limit auditory detection by predators. The mechanisms underlying the neural encoding of such UHF sounds may provide important insights for understanding neural processing of other complex sounds (e.g. human ...
... a b s t r a c t Many vertebrates communicate with ultrahigh frequency (UHF) vocalizations to limit auditory detection by predators. The mechanisms underlying the neural encoding of such UHF sounds may provide important insights for understanding neural processing of other complex sounds (e.g. human ...
Bird vocalization
Bird vocalization includes both bird calls and bird songs. In non-technical use, bird songs are the bird sounds that are melodious to the human ear. In ornithology and birding, (relatively complex) songs are distinguished by function from (relatively simple) calls.