Species-Recognition in the Field Cricket
... 100,000 Hz—from infrasound to ultrasound. Crickets are sensitive over a good part of this range; compare this with the auditory sensitivity of humans, which spans a range of 50 Hz to 15,000 Hz. Crickets achieve this sensitivity to airborne vibrations through two kinds of auditory organs. They detect ...
... 100,000 Hz—from infrasound to ultrasound. Crickets are sensitive over a good part of this range; compare this with the auditory sensitivity of humans, which spans a range of 50 Hz to 15,000 Hz. Crickets achieve this sensitivity to airborne vibrations through two kinds of auditory organs. They detect ...
Evolution of the Pallium in Birds and Reptiles
... The organization of the adult avian pallium has been well studied and that of reptiles somewhat studied. Based upon Nissl staining patterns of embryonic and adult brains, Ulinksi and others defined a general organization of the bird and reptile pallia [4]. This includes a dorsal part, called the dor ...
... The organization of the adult avian pallium has been well studied and that of reptiles somewhat studied. Based upon Nissl staining patterns of embryonic and adult brains, Ulinksi and others defined a general organization of the bird and reptile pallia [4]. This includes a dorsal part, called the dor ...
Nerve Cells and Insect Behavior—Studies on Crickets1 This report
... The research described involves high resolution behavioral measurements, extra- and intracellular recordings, and marking and photoinactivation of single nerve cells. The research focuses on sound production in male and phonotactic behavior in female crickets and its underlying neuronal basis. Segme ...
... The research described involves high resolution behavioral measurements, extra- and intracellular recordings, and marking and photoinactivation of single nerve cells. The research focuses on sound production in male and phonotactic behavior in female crickets and its underlying neuronal basis. Segme ...
Extra-Classical Tuning Predicts Stimulus
... differed across the population of recorded midbrain neurons. Some neurons responded with sustained firing throughout the stimulus duration, whereas other neurons fired only at the sound onset. For the majority of neurons (89%), using the full response (0 –200 ms) and using only the onset response (0 ...
... differed across the population of recorded midbrain neurons. Some neurons responded with sustained firing throughout the stimulus duration, whereas other neurons fired only at the sound onset. For the majority of neurons (89%), using the full response (0 –200 ms) and using only the onset response (0 ...
The Premotor Cortex and Mirror Neurons
... and of the neural bases of communication/language evolution. ...
... and of the neural bases of communication/language evolution. ...
Neural analysis of sound frequency in insects
... identical?) neural circuitry is used for different tasks in the two species; distance estimation in M. markii, and selectivity for conspecific song spectrum in A. nigrovittata. Frequency analysis in crickets Cricket songs are dominated by a single narrow frequency band. This spectral purity (which i ...
... identical?) neural circuitry is used for different tasks in the two species; distance estimation in M. markii, and selectivity for conspecific song spectrum in A. nigrovittata. Frequency analysis in crickets Cricket songs are dominated by a single narrow frequency band. This spectral purity (which i ...
Document
... characterize excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons in the human gastric sling and clasp fibers, their location, structure, responses, and how they affect that area of the body and potential complications that may arise there. Often times, there is a discrepancy with the cell signaling that takes p ...
... characterize excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons in the human gastric sling and clasp fibers, their location, structure, responses, and how they affect that area of the body and potential complications that may arise there. Often times, there is a discrepancy with the cell signaling that takes p ...
Computational themes of peripheral processing
... of the sensory periphery determines which and how much information about a given stimulus is available at more central stages. In most cases, these changes can be described as either subtractive or divisive (Fig. 2c; Hildebrandt et al. 2011). While subtractive changes adjust the threshold of a curve ...
... of the sensory periphery determines which and how much information about a given stimulus is available at more central stages. In most cases, these changes can be described as either subtractive or divisive (Fig. 2c; Hildebrandt et al. 2011). While subtractive changes adjust the threshold of a curve ...
The Evolution of Music in Comparative Perspective
... minus meaning seems both limiting and somewhat derogatory. Turning the analysis the other way around, we may ask what special characteristics music possesses and then compare language with these. As a step in this direction I have proposed some design features of music, asking whether these are shar ...
... minus meaning seems both limiting and somewhat derogatory. Turning the analysis the other way around, we may ask what special characteristics music possesses and then compare language with these. As a step in this direction I have proposed some design features of music, asking whether these are shar ...
J. Comp. Physiol. A
... For A. nigrovittata it has been demonstrated that excitatory tuning of AN1 broadens considerably following bath application of picrotoxin (Stumpner 1998). In AN1 of Barbitistes, as in Ancistrura, PTX eliminates frequency-dependent inhibitions and thereby changes the threshold of these neurons (Fig. ...
... For A. nigrovittata it has been demonstrated that excitatory tuning of AN1 broadens considerably following bath application of picrotoxin (Stumpner 1998). In AN1 of Barbitistes, as in Ancistrura, PTX eliminates frequency-dependent inhibitions and thereby changes the threshold of these neurons (Fig. ...
Pitch - Auditory Neuroscience
... The observed orientation of their periodotopic map (mediodorsal to latero-ventral for high to low) appears to differ from that described by Schreiner & Langner (1988) in the cat (predimonantly caudal to ...
... The observed orientation of their periodotopic map (mediodorsal to latero-ventral for high to low) appears to differ from that described by Schreiner & Langner (1988) in the cat (predimonantly caudal to ...
PPT - UCLA Health
... • There are positive effects of electrical stimulation on auditory brain stem nuclei, midbrain and auditory cortex. • Results suggest that there is a critical period or at least age-related plasticity for the developing auditory cortex ...
... • There are positive effects of electrical stimulation on auditory brain stem nuclei, midbrain and auditory cortex. • Results suggest that there is a critical period or at least age-related plasticity for the developing auditory cortex ...
Incidental sounds of locomotion in animal cognition | SpringerLink
... and Nachtigall (1970). Later studies by Gould and Heppner (1974) and Berger (1972) did not discover synchrony or phase relationships in geese flying in formation but they demonstrated that mean wing-beat frequencies differed little among individual birds. Birds that are similar in size and body shap ...
... and Nachtigall (1970). Later studies by Gould and Heppner (1974) and Berger (1972) did not discover synchrony or phase relationships in geese flying in formation but they demonstrated that mean wing-beat frequencies differed little among individual birds. Birds that are similar in size and body shap ...
neuroloc
... • The neurons of the superior olive calculate interaural differences in intensity and time. • The LSO uses a balance of inhibition and excitation to calculate IIDs. • The MSO uses a circuit established by the axons of AVCN neurons to calculate ITDs. ...
... • The neurons of the superior olive calculate interaural differences in intensity and time. • The LSO uses a balance of inhibition and excitation to calculate IIDs. • The MSO uses a circuit established by the axons of AVCN neurons to calculate ITDs. ...
Neurons and action potential
... 2. Insert a paper clip and penny into a neurotransmitter. 3. Using alligator clips make a connection between two neurons by sending a neurotransmitter from one neuron to another. ...
... 2. Insert a paper clip and penny into a neurotransmitter. 3. Using alligator clips make a connection between two neurons by sending a neurotransmitter from one neuron to another. ...
The mind`s mirror
... But that story is just at its beginning. Researchers haven't yet been able to prove that humans have individual mirror neurons like monkeys, although they have shown that humans have a more general mirror system. And researchers are just beginning to branch out from the motor cortex to try to figure ...
... But that story is just at its beginning. Researchers haven't yet been able to prove that humans have individual mirror neurons like monkeys, although they have shown that humans have a more general mirror system. And researchers are just beginning to branch out from the motor cortex to try to figure ...
Brain activation pattern depends on the strategy chosen by zebra
... whether birds rely more on spatial cues or on local traits if both cue types are available has been investigated frequently. It has been shown that a preference for one of these two cue types varies across species. Food-hoarding birds, for example, prefer to use spatial cues whilst closely related n ...
... whether birds rely more on spatial cues or on local traits if both cue types are available has been investigated frequently. It has been shown that a preference for one of these two cue types varies across species. Food-hoarding birds, for example, prefer to use spatial cues whilst closely related n ...
Neurons
... Refractory period - The “recharging phase” when a neuron, after firing, cannot generate another action potential ...
... Refractory period - The “recharging phase” when a neuron, after firing, cannot generate another action potential ...
Computational principles underlying recognition
... or triplets (Römer and Marquart 1984; Stumpner 1988; Stumpner and Ronacher 1991, 1994; Stumpner et al. 1991; Boyan 1992, 1999). Local neurons perform first processing steps and then transmit their messages to a rather large number of ascending neurons (so far around 15–20 different types have been i ...
... or triplets (Römer and Marquart 1984; Stumpner 1988; Stumpner and Ronacher 1991, 1994; Stumpner et al. 1991; Boyan 1992, 1999). Local neurons perform first processing steps and then transmit their messages to a rather large number of ascending neurons (so far around 15–20 different types have been i ...
The relationship between the activity of neurons recorded
... As expected, the individual M1 neurons exhibited cosine tuning. We implemented an offline decoding algorithm using Kalman Filter which models the motion of the hand and the probabilistic relationship between this motion and the mean firing rates of the cells in 20ms bins. We have shown that the Kalm ...
... As expected, the individual M1 neurons exhibited cosine tuning. We implemented an offline decoding algorithm using Kalman Filter which models the motion of the hand and the probabilistic relationship between this motion and the mean firing rates of the cells in 20ms bins. We have shown that the Kalm ...
Action Representation in Mirror Neurons
... discharge not just to the execution or observation of a specific action but also when this action can only be heard. Multimodal neurons have been described in several cortical areas and subcortical centers, including the superior temporal sulcus region (6–8), the ventral premotor cortex (9–14), and ...
... discharge not just to the execution or observation of a specific action but also when this action can only be heard. Multimodal neurons have been described in several cortical areas and subcortical centers, including the superior temporal sulcus region (6–8), the ventral premotor cortex (9–14), and ...
PDF - Cogprints
... through changing the firing ratio of excitory inputs to inhibitory inputs. And this will make a distinction between quick muscle and slow muscles (7, 8). On the other hand, complex skills such as swimming contain many small movements. And the precise intervals between movements are important as well ...
... through changing the firing ratio of excitory inputs to inhibitory inputs. And this will make a distinction between quick muscle and slow muscles (7, 8). On the other hand, complex skills such as swimming contain many small movements. And the precise intervals between movements are important as well ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... Activities of the ANS - most effectors have dual innervation (innervation from both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions) - structures that have dual innervations respond antagonistically to sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation - the sympathetic division is said to be Fight or Flight - p ...
... Activities of the ANS - most effectors have dual innervation (innervation from both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions) - structures that have dual innervations respond antagonistically to sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation - the sympathetic division is said to be Fight or Flight - p ...
The mind`s mirror
... But that story is just at its beginning. Researchers haven't yet been able to prove that humans have individual mirror neurons like monkeys, although they have shown that humans have a more general mirror system. And researchers are just beginning to branch out from the motor cortex to try to figure ...
... But that story is just at its beginning. Researchers haven't yet been able to prove that humans have individual mirror neurons like monkeys, although they have shown that humans have a more general mirror system. And researchers are just beginning to branch out from the motor cortex to try to figure ...
A circular model for song motor control in Serinus canaria
... temporally close to significant motor instances (like the beginning of the syllables), it is tempting to conjecture that there is a relationship between these events. However, if the burst occurs simultaneously with the acoustic gesture, causality seems to be violated. In a top down view of the arch ...
... temporally close to significant motor instances (like the beginning of the syllables), it is tempting to conjecture that there is a relationship between these events. However, if the burst occurs simultaneously with the acoustic gesture, causality seems to be violated. In a top down view of the arch ...
Bird vocalization
Bird vocalization includes both bird calls and bird songs. In non-technical use, bird songs are the bird sounds that are melodious to the human ear. In ornithology and birding, (relatively complex) songs are distinguished by function from (relatively simple) calls.