Sea Level Rise Affecting the Vietnamese Mekong Delta: Water
... continues, thus causing soil drying, until a ‘sub-surface’ storage is depleted. Conversely, at the onset of the rainy season, the sub-surface storage has to be filled before water accumulates above the soil surface. Using the implicit finite difference scheme (Delft Hydraulics, 1989), VRSAP computes ...
... continues, thus causing soil drying, until a ‘sub-surface’ storage is depleted. Conversely, at the onset of the rainy season, the sub-surface storage has to be filled before water accumulates above the soil surface. Using the implicit finite difference scheme (Delft Hydraulics, 1989), VRSAP computes ...
Isostasy and Large Scale Gravity Chap. 9 Homework Answers (Dec
... sediment basin) occurs very long time scales (i.e., million years) much longer than the timescales for earthquakes waves (<100 s wave period). Thus, on the long time scales, the physics shows that vacancy within a solid will slowly drift in the direction of the stresses applied by the load causing r ...
... sediment basin) occurs very long time scales (i.e., million years) much longer than the timescales for earthquakes waves (<100 s wave period). Thus, on the long time scales, the physics shows that vacancy within a solid will slowly drift in the direction of the stresses applied by the load causing r ...
Thresholds and Closing Windows
... (Figure S-1). The so-called “global pause” in warming (actually a lower rate of warming) over the past fifteen years was not reflected at all in the Arctic and Antarctic latitudes. And even the two-degree global goal pathway translates into a peak cryosphere temperature of between 4–7°C above pre-in ...
... (Figure S-1). The so-called “global pause” in warming (actually a lower rate of warming) over the past fifteen years was not reflected at all in the Arctic and Antarctic latitudes. And even the two-degree global goal pathway translates into a peak cryosphere temperature of between 4–7°C above pre-in ...
Australia`s Energy Sector – Drivers for Change
... ocean at depths of up to 3000 m has been increasing since 1961,1 and this additional heat provides the water molecules with more energy to vibrate, so the volume taken up by the molecules increases, leading to rising sea levels. This is known as thermal expansion. Thermal expansion results from the ...
... ocean at depths of up to 3000 m has been increasing since 1961,1 and this additional heat provides the water molecules with more energy to vibrate, so the volume taken up by the molecules increases, leading to rising sea levels. This is known as thermal expansion. Thermal expansion results from the ...
The tilt of mean sea level along the east coast of North America
... Applying the gap statistic to the ocean estimates showed there to be only one cluster. However, there is spatially structured variability within the cluster. From a principal component analysis based on the covariance matrix, we found the first spatial mode (Figure 2b). This mode accounts for 84% of ...
... Applying the gap statistic to the ocean estimates showed there to be only one cluster. However, there is spatially structured variability within the cluster. From a principal component analysis based on the covariance matrix, we found the first spatial mode (Figure 2b). This mode accounts for 84% of ...
Marine Ecosystem Sensitivity to Climate Change
... duration.Theblueandpinkshadingrepresentcool andwarmperiods,respectively.Fromleftto right,resolutionof the recordincreases andits durationdecreases.The LallemandFjordrecord(Shevenellet al. 1996) representsthe last 8000 radiocarbonyearsandis based on percentageof total organiccarbon(TOC %)in marinesed ...
... duration.Theblueandpinkshadingrepresentcool andwarmperiods,respectively.Fromleftto right,resolutionof the recordincreases andits durationdecreases.The LallemandFjordrecord(Shevenellet al. 1996) representsthe last 8000 radiocarbonyearsandis based on percentageof total organiccarbon(TOC %)in marinesed ...
Oceans and Coasts - Tulane University
... due to inertial forces (this is explained well in the book on pages 670-671, if you are interested). ...
... due to inertial forces (this is explained well in the book on pages 670-671, if you are interested). ...
Marine Ecosystem
... duration.Theblueandpinkshadingrepresentcool andwarmperiods,respectively.Fromleftto right,resolutionof the recordincreases andits durationdecreases.The LallemandFjordrecord(Shevenellet al. 1996) representsthe last 8000 radiocarbonyearsandis based on percentageof total organiccarbon(TOC %)in marinesed ...
... duration.Theblueandpinkshadingrepresentcool andwarmperiods,respectively.Fromleftto right,resolutionof the recordincreases andits durationdecreases.The LallemandFjordrecord(Shevenellet al. 1996) representsthe last 8000 radiocarbonyearsandis based on percentageof total organiccarbon(TOC %)in marinesed ...
Observed and projected trends in Antarctic sea ice
... via increased stratification and decreased deep ocean convection as described above. However, Pauling et al. (submitted) point out that best estimates of the current mass imbalance of Antarctica’s ice sheet and shelves is at most about one-fifth the magnitude of the present-day anomaly in precipitat ...
... via increased stratification and decreased deep ocean convection as described above. However, Pauling et al. (submitted) point out that best estimates of the current mass imbalance of Antarctica’s ice sheet and shelves is at most about one-fifth the magnitude of the present-day anomaly in precipitat ...
Gippsland Coastal Board v South Gippsland Shire Council
... dwellings are not reasonably required for the operation of agricultural activities conducted on the subject land and consequently are contrary to the purpose of the Farming Zone. The cumulative impact of the development will adversely affect the ongoing use of the area for productive agriculture and ...
... dwellings are not reasonably required for the operation of agricultural activities conducted on the subject land and consequently are contrary to the purpose of the Farming Zone. The cumulative impact of the development will adversely affect the ongoing use of the area for productive agriculture and ...
Memorandum on China`s Measures for Addressing Sea Level Change
... The coastal regions in China are characterized by dense population and most active economic activities. Since most of these coastal areas are low and flat, they are vulnerable to marine disasters caused by sea level rise. At present, China clearly lacks capacity in marine environment monitoring, res ...
... The coastal regions in China are characterized by dense population and most active economic activities. Since most of these coastal areas are low and flat, they are vulnerable to marine disasters caused by sea level rise. At present, China clearly lacks capacity in marine environment monitoring, res ...
Now you Sea Ice, Now you Don`t
... whole has shown a 2% increase in sea ice over 26 years, the greater western Antarctic peninsula (WAP) has shown a 40% decrease - a sea ice season shortened by almost three months. These rapid changes in sea ice are triggering pronounced shifts and a reorganization in the ecosystem, with the Antarcti ...
... whole has shown a 2% increase in sea ice over 26 years, the greater western Antarctic peninsula (WAP) has shown a 40% decrease - a sea ice season shortened by almost three months. These rapid changes in sea ice are triggering pronounced shifts and a reorganization in the ecosystem, with the Antarcti ...
West Antarctica`s sensitivity to natural and
... Notably SD and TD ssNaþ start to increase at this time while GISP2 ssNaþ values remain level (Figs 2 and 3). We suggest that the increase in marine air mass intrusion into West Antarctica (SD) and coastal East Antarctica (TD) is related to the ice dynamics/geographically controlled deglaciation of t ...
... Notably SD and TD ssNaþ start to increase at this time while GISP2 ssNaþ values remain level (Figs 2 and 3). We suggest that the increase in marine air mass intrusion into West Antarctica (SD) and coastal East Antarctica (TD) is related to the ice dynamics/geographically controlled deglaciation of t ...
triple junction
... ocean basins that displaced water onto the continents. The Cretaceous was also a time of rapid sea-floor spreading. Because of their broad profile, rapidly spreading mid-ocean ridges displace more water than do slow spreading mid-ocean ridges. Consequently, during times of rapid sea-floor spreading, ...
... ocean basins that displaced water onto the continents. The Cretaceous was also a time of rapid sea-floor spreading. Because of their broad profile, rapidly spreading mid-ocean ridges displace more water than do slow spreading mid-ocean ridges. Consequently, during times of rapid sea-floor spreading, ...
Re-mapping the 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami
... regional variation is due to non-uniform changes in ocean heat content (Nerem et al., 2006). While melting from ice caps, glaciers, and ice sheets has contributed little to sea level rise relative to thermal expansion, a collapse of one or more ice sheets has the potential to raise global sea level ...
... regional variation is due to non-uniform changes in ocean heat content (Nerem et al., 2006). While melting from ice caps, glaciers, and ice sheets has contributed little to sea level rise relative to thermal expansion, a collapse of one or more ice sheets has the potential to raise global sea level ...
Can natural variability explain observed Antarctic sea ice trends
... [Arzel et al., 2006; Maksym et al., 2012; Zunz et al., 2012; Turner et al., 2013]. Of the latter, the impact of increasing greenhouse gases has long been established; see, for instance, Figure 10.13 of Meehl et al. [2007]. In contrast, the impact of stratospheric ozone depletion—the other major anth ...
... [Arzel et al., 2006; Maksym et al., 2012; Zunz et al., 2012; Turner et al., 2013]. Of the latter, the impact of increasing greenhouse gases has long been established; see, for instance, Figure 10.13 of Meehl et al. [2007]. In contrast, the impact of stratospheric ozone depletion—the other major anth ...
Maurits van der Vlugt
... effects of high sea levels on beaches, infrastructure, and coastal communities. More than 300 people took photographs of the king tides all along the Queensland coast, resulting in a collection of powerful images. The Witness King Tides project was based on the worldfirst New South Wales photographi ...
... effects of high sea levels on beaches, infrastructure, and coastal communities. More than 300 people took photographs of the king tides all along the Queensland coast, resulting in a collection of powerful images. The Witness King Tides project was based on the worldfirst New South Wales photographi ...
MODULE 5: ICE AND CLMATE CHANGE
... o To understand that sea‐level was much lower during the last Ice Age o To observe on maps how the moving ice sheets left clues in the landscape of the paths that they moved along o To explore and investigate newly released maps of the seafloor of Galway Bay o To consider how sea‐level can cover ...
... o To understand that sea‐level was much lower during the last Ice Age o To observe on maps how the moving ice sheets left clues in the landscape of the paths that they moved along o To explore and investigate newly released maps of the seafloor of Galway Bay o To consider how sea‐level can cover ...
(ANTA602) Antarctic sea-‐ice extent in global coupled climate models
... Sea ice modelling originated in Arctic research, and was then adapted for use in the Southern Ocean. In 1965, the first comprehensive sea-‐ice model was published, which presented the movement of sea i ...
... Sea ice modelling originated in Arctic research, and was then adapted for use in the Southern Ocean. In 1965, the first comprehensive sea-‐ice model was published, which presented the movement of sea i ...
Y9GeU6A Antarctica Intro PPwk26
... The ice sheet averages 2,450 metres deep and holds about 70% of the world’s fresh water. The average altitude is about 2,300 metres above sea level. Vinson Massif is Antarctica’s highest point, rising to a height of 4,897 metres. ...
... The ice sheet averages 2,450 metres deep and holds about 70% of the world’s fresh water. The average altitude is about 2,300 metres above sea level. Vinson Massif is Antarctica’s highest point, rising to a height of 4,897 metres. ...
Coastal Areas - Arab Forum for Environment and Development
... The Red Sea has a surface area of about 450,000 km2 and varies in width from 30 to 280 kilometres. It has an average depth of about 500m, with extensive shallow shelves well known for their marine life and corals. The southern entrance at Bab-el-Mandab is only 130m deep, which restricts water exchan ...
... The Red Sea has a surface area of about 450,000 km2 and varies in width from 30 to 280 kilometres. It has an average depth of about 500m, with extensive shallow shelves well known for their marine life and corals. The southern entrance at Bab-el-Mandab is only 130m deep, which restricts water exchan ...
Decreasing intensity of open-ocean convection in the Greenland and Iceland seas LETTERS *
... hydrographic profiles as initial conditions (Fig. 3c) and a prescribed constant atmospheric forcing over the entire winter period from 1 November to 30 April. We note that these constant levels of forcing are idealized and do not take into account synoptic-scale high-heatflux events15 , which can im ...
... hydrographic profiles as initial conditions (Fig. 3c) and a prescribed constant atmospheric forcing over the entire winter period from 1 November to 30 April. We note that these constant levels of forcing are idealized and do not take into account synoptic-scale high-heatflux events15 , which can im ...
Geo 221_19 copy
... Graptolithina includes the graptolites, colonial marine animals thought to be closely related to modern pterobranchs, worm-‐shaped animals that live on the ocean floor in tubes they secrete, that are also ...
... Graptolithina includes the graptolites, colonial marine animals thought to be closely related to modern pterobranchs, worm-‐shaped animals that live on the ocean floor in tubes they secrete, that are also ...
Impacts of Predicted Global Sea-Level Rise on
... above forest soil (black layer) at top of Pleistocene dune sand (light shaded strata) above uplifted Pleistocene wave cut platform (dark bedrock). The modern beach platform was likely cut at 4-7 ka (ka is thousand years). The Holocene dune ramp is younger than the underling forest soil, which is dat ...
... above forest soil (black layer) at top of Pleistocene dune sand (light shaded strata) above uplifted Pleistocene wave cut platform (dark bedrock). The modern beach platform was likely cut at 4-7 ka (ka is thousand years). The Holocene dune ramp is younger than the underling forest soil, which is dat ...
Sea level rise
Sea level rise has been estimated to be on average between +2.6 mm and +2.9 mm per year ± 0.4 mm since 1993. Additionally, sea level rise has accelerated in recent years. For the period between 1870 and 2004, global average sea levels are estimated to have risen a total of 195 mm, and 1.7 mm ± 0.3 mm per year, with a significant acceleration of sea-level rise of 0.013 ± 0.006 mm per year per year. If this acceleration would stay constant, the 1990 to 2100 sea level rise would range from 280 to 340 mm. Another study calculated the period from 1950 to 2009, and measurements show an average annual rise in sea level of 1.7 ± 0.3 mm per year, with satellite data showing a rise of 3.3 ± 0.4 mm per year from 1993 to 2009. Sea level rise is one of several lines of evidence that support the view that the global climate has recently warmed.In 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) stated that it is very likely human-induced (anthropogenic) warming contributed to the sea level rise observed in the latter half of the 20th century. The 2013 IPCC report (AR5) concluded, ""there is high confidence that the rate of sea level rise has increased during the last two centuries, and it is likely that GMSL (Global Mean Sea Level) has accelerated since the early 1900’s.Sea level rises can considerably influence human populations in coastal and island regions and natural environments like marine ecosystems. Sea level rise is expected to continue for centuries. Because of the slow inertia, long response time for parts of the climate system, it has been estimated that we are already committed to a sea-level rise of approximately 2.3 meters for each degree Celsius of temperature rise within the next 2,000 years. It has been suggested that besides CO2 emissions reductions, a short term action to reduce sea level rise is to cut emissions of heat trapping gases such as methane and particulates such as soot.