Cross-talk between cell-cycle control and the environment
... of complete sets of chromosomes to each of the daughter cells mitotic phase (M phase) and “gap" phases, known as G1, which connects the completion of M phase to initiation of S phase in the next cycle, and G2, which separates the S and M phases. External, environmental and intrinsic, developmental a ...
... of complete sets of chromosomes to each of the daughter cells mitotic phase (M phase) and “gap" phases, known as G1, which connects the completion of M phase to initiation of S phase in the next cycle, and G2, which separates the S and M phases. External, environmental and intrinsic, developmental a ...
Extensive tRNA gene changes in synthetic Brassica
... Transfer RNA (tRNA) is usually 75-95 bp in length, and is classed as non-coding RNA. It is ubiquitous in all organisms, and accounts for about 15% of all RNAs in the cell, in between rRNA (approximately 75%) and mRNA (about 5%) in abundance. The roles and functions of tRNA have been widely studied. ...
... Transfer RNA (tRNA) is usually 75-95 bp in length, and is classed as non-coding RNA. It is ubiquitous in all organisms, and accounts for about 15% of all RNAs in the cell, in between rRNA (approximately 75%) and mRNA (about 5%) in abundance. The roles and functions of tRNA have been widely studied. ...
Structure and function of the GINS complex, a key component of the
... to suppress to sld5-12. Further biochemical analysis showed that all four proteins were stoichiometric components of a 100 kDa complex present at constant levels through the cell cycle; the complex was named GINS. While Takayama et al. [5] were treading a traditional yeast molecular genetic path, La ...
... to suppress to sld5-12. Further biochemical analysis showed that all four proteins were stoichiometric components of a 100 kDa complex present at constant levels through the cell cycle; the complex was named GINS. While Takayama et al. [5] were treading a traditional yeast molecular genetic path, La ...
Promega Notes 49: Firefly Luciferase Engineered for Improved
... Peroxisomal location of luciferase may also interfere with the performance of the genetic reporter. For instance, the luciferase accumulation in the cell could be differentially affected if it is distributed into two different subcellular compartments. The stability of luciferase in peroxisomes is n ...
... Peroxisomal location of luciferase may also interfere with the performance of the genetic reporter. For instance, the luciferase accumulation in the cell could be differentially affected if it is distributed into two different subcellular compartments. The stability of luciferase in peroxisomes is n ...
Article A Distinct Mitochondrial Genome with DUI
... in adductor muscle from two individuals from Northern Scotia and Iceland. Dahlgren et al. (2000) described the “X” cytochrome b haplotype, which was the most distantly related haplotype in their study (6.8% compared with the nearest neighbor and identical to the one named “Ais_cytb_d1” in our study; ...
... in adductor muscle from two individuals from Northern Scotia and Iceland. Dahlgren et al. (2000) described the “X” cytochrome b haplotype, which was the most distantly related haplotype in their study (6.8% compared with the nearest neighbor and identical to the one named “Ais_cytb_d1” in our study; ...
Cancer Prone Disease Section Familial platelet disorder with predisposition to
... homology domain (RHD) and the transactivation domain (TAD) of the protein are depicted. ...
... homology domain (RHD) and the transactivation domain (TAD) of the protein are depicted. ...
The Large Loop Repair and Mismatch Repair Pathways
... are also involved in mitotic MMR. During mitosis, two main multimeric protein complexes function to repair base-base mismatches and small loops that occur as a result of DNA polymerase slippage (reviewed in Harfe and Jinks-Robertson 2000a; Hsieh 2001; Marti et al. 2002). Both complexes contain the M ...
... are also involved in mitotic MMR. During mitosis, two main multimeric protein complexes function to repair base-base mismatches and small loops that occur as a result of DNA polymerase slippage (reviewed in Harfe and Jinks-Robertson 2000a; Hsieh 2001; Marti et al. 2002). Both complexes contain the M ...
MEF2 activity during embryogenesis - Development
... for the MEF2 family in neuronal differentiation. The cell type distribution of MEF2 activity has been controversial. Some studies have reported that MEF2 DNAbinding activity is restricted to muscle cells (Gossett et al., 1989; Cserjesi et al., 1991; Yu et al., 1992; Breitbart et al., 1993), whereas ...
... for the MEF2 family in neuronal differentiation. The cell type distribution of MEF2 activity has been controversial. Some studies have reported that MEF2 DNAbinding activity is restricted to muscle cells (Gossett et al., 1989; Cserjesi et al., 1991; Yu et al., 1992; Breitbart et al., 1993), whereas ...
A component of calcium-activated potassium channels encoded by
... frames; hatched boxes, introns that were not spliced out of some CDNAs (17). The open reading frame of 254 is preceded by an untranslated segment (not shown) that may also represent an unspliced intron (17). ALI the regions shown have been completely sequenced on both strands (16), with the exceptio ...
... frames; hatched boxes, introns that were not spliced out of some CDNAs (17). The open reading frame of 254 is preceded by an untranslated segment (not shown) that may also represent an unspliced intron (17). ALI the regions shown have been completely sequenced on both strands (16), with the exceptio ...
Parallel Genetic and Phenotypic Evolution of DNA Superhelicity in
... Losos et al. 1998; Huey et al. 2000). Parallel changes sometimes extend even to the genome, as has been described for some viral and bacterial pathogens (Crandall et al. 1999; Reid et al. 2000). The parallel evolution of DNA superhelicity in the long-term experiment with E. coli provides therefore h ...
... Losos et al. 1998; Huey et al. 2000). Parallel changes sometimes extend even to the genome, as has been described for some viral and bacterial pathogens (Crandall et al. 1999; Reid et al. 2000). The parallel evolution of DNA superhelicity in the long-term experiment with E. coli provides therefore h ...
Modeling Fragile X Syndrome Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
... FMR1 remained inactive and hypermethylated in iPSCs derived from FXS fibroblasts [32,33,36,38,39]. This suggests that once the incorrect epigenetic marks are established, they are stable and irreversible, or at least resistant to the current reprogramming methods. Interestingly, when De Esch and col ...
... FMR1 remained inactive and hypermethylated in iPSCs derived from FXS fibroblasts [32,33,36,38,39]. This suggests that once the incorrect epigenetic marks are established, they are stable and irreversible, or at least resistant to the current reprogramming methods. Interestingly, when De Esch and col ...
Crystal structures of -[Ru(phen)2dppz]2+ 1 with oligonucleotides
... This self-complementary sequence crystallizes to give a symmetrical duplex with a stoichiometry of three cations of 1 per duplex, or 1.5 cations of 1 per decamer strand. All the nucleic acid strands are equivalent in the crystal lattice, with the packing shown in Figure 1a. The conformation of a sin ...
... This self-complementary sequence crystallizes to give a symmetrical duplex with a stoichiometry of three cations of 1 per duplex, or 1.5 cations of 1 per decamer strand. All the nucleic acid strands are equivalent in the crystal lattice, with the packing shown in Figure 1a. The conformation of a sin ...
Temperature-dependent expression of virulence genes in fish
... parameters. A key factor in this expression is temperature. Its effect on virulence gene expression in bacteria infecting warm-blooded hosts is well documented. Transcription of virulence genes in these bacteria is induced upon a shift from low environmental to a higher host temperature (37◦ C). Int ...
... parameters. A key factor in this expression is temperature. Its effect on virulence gene expression in bacteria infecting warm-blooded hosts is well documented. Transcription of virulence genes in these bacteria is induced upon a shift from low environmental to a higher host temperature (37◦ C). Int ...
Role of the p21 Protein in the Fanconi Anemia Pathway
... • Major target of the tumor suppressor transcription factor p53 Figure 8.4 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007) ...
... • Major target of the tumor suppressor transcription factor p53 Figure 8.4 The Biology of Cancer (© Garland Science 2007) ...
The energetic basis of the DNA double helix: a
... increase from the very beginning of heating, namely in the temperature range from 0 to 45◦ C, over which the duplex is generally regarded as still being fully folded. The observed rise in the heat capacity of the duplex on heating might result from increased fraying of its ends, in which case one wo ...
... increase from the very beginning of heating, namely in the temperature range from 0 to 45◦ C, over which the duplex is generally regarded as still being fully folded. The observed rise in the heat capacity of the duplex on heating might result from increased fraying of its ends, in which case one wo ...
the association of chloroplast dna with photosynthetic membrane
... in the electron microscope they appear as in Figs. 6-8. They are bound by a membrane to which adhere varying numbers of grana lamellae. The number of grana lamellae seen in a single section will vary according to the section plane. The grana are partially disrupted due to the isolation in the 3-5 mM ...
... in the electron microscope they appear as in Figs. 6-8. They are bound by a membrane to which adhere varying numbers of grana lamellae. The number of grana lamellae seen in a single section will vary according to the section plane. The grana are partially disrupted due to the isolation in the 3-5 mM ...
SNP
... Polymorphisms (SNPs) the variant sequence type has a frequency of at least 1% in the population. high frequency of SNPs in human genome: estimated ~1 SNP/Kb. ...
... Polymorphisms (SNPs) the variant sequence type has a frequency of at least 1% in the population. high frequency of SNPs in human genome: estimated ~1 SNP/Kb. ...
CYP2B6 NESTED PCR: A GOOD APPROACH FOR PATIENTS ON METHADONE Original Article
... regions are ideal candidates to determine differential drug responses [18]. A number of important SNPs have also been identified within critical gene promoters, which are noncoding regions [19]. The differential drug metabolism caused by genetic variation for the CYP enzymes and in the μ opioid-rece ...
... regions are ideal candidates to determine differential drug responses [18]. A number of important SNPs have also been identified within critical gene promoters, which are noncoding regions [19]. The differential drug metabolism caused by genetic variation for the CYP enzymes and in the μ opioid-rece ...
North Carolina End-Of-Course Coach for Biology
... Which of the following statements about disruptive selection is true? A. Disruptive selection eliminates the extreme forms and favors the intermediate forms. B. Disruptive selection causes one phenotype to be replaced by another. C. Disruptive selection causes an increase in the extreme forms and ...
... Which of the following statements about disruptive selection is true? A. Disruptive selection eliminates the extreme forms and favors the intermediate forms. B. Disruptive selection causes one phenotype to be replaced by another. C. Disruptive selection causes an increase in the extreme forms and ...
Powerpoint template for scientific posters (Swarthmore College)
... for the interaction with runt. Using a collection of 30 different deficiency chromosomes that span these seven regions I have confirmed interaction with six different regions and also have been able to refine the location of potential runt interacting genes. ...
... for the interaction with runt. Using a collection of 30 different deficiency chromosomes that span these seven regions I have confirmed interaction with six different regions and also have been able to refine the location of potential runt interacting genes. ...
FEMS Microbiology Letters
... 3.1. Two nifJ genes coding for pyruvate :ferredoxin oxidoreductases occur in ¢lamentous Anabaena spp. whereas one is demonstrable in unicellular species Previously [12], 329 and 267 bp internal segments of nifJ were characterised from A. variabilis and Anabaena 7119, respectively. Now an 1.1 kb nifJ ...
... 3.1. Two nifJ genes coding for pyruvate :ferredoxin oxidoreductases occur in ¢lamentous Anabaena spp. whereas one is demonstrable in unicellular species Previously [12], 329 and 267 bp internal segments of nifJ were characterised from A. variabilis and Anabaena 7119, respectively. Now an 1.1 kb nifJ ...
Analytical approaches to RNA profiling data for
... limit the utility of ISH data for detection of cell specific changes in gene expression in complex tissues, we sought to develop an independent method for the quantitative measurement of the specificity of expression of any gene in a given cell type or condition relative to a large number of other c ...
... limit the utility of ISH data for detection of cell specific changes in gene expression in complex tissues, we sought to develop an independent method for the quantitative measurement of the specificity of expression of any gene in a given cell type or condition relative to a large number of other c ...
Primary transcript
A primary transcript is the single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) product synthesized by transcription of DNA, and processed to yield various mature RNA products such as mRNAs, tRNAs, and rRNAs. The primary transcripts designated to be mRNAs are modified in preparation for translation. For example, a precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) is a type of primary transcript that becomes a messenger RNA (mRNA) after processing.There are several steps contributing to the production of primary transcripts. All these steps involve a series of interactions to initiate and complete the transcription of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotes. Certain factors play key roles in the activation and inhibition of transcription, where they regulate primary transcript production. Transcription produces primary transcripts that are further modified by several processes. These processes include the 5' cap, 3'-polyadenylation, and alternative splicing. In particular, alternative splicing directly contributes to the diversity of mRNA found in cells. The modifications of primary transcripts have been further studied in research seeking greater knowledge of the role and significance of these transcripts. Experimental studies based on molecular changes to primary transcripts the processes before and after transcription have led to greater understanding of diseases involving primary transcripts.