Week 4:
... Fermentation: when oxygen is taken away, yields only the energy associated with glycolysis (2ATP) and yields one of several products that are generally harmful to living organisms at high concentrations: e.g. ethanol, lactic acid. Tuesday 4/26: We mentioned the terms oxidation, reduction, and “redox ...
... Fermentation: when oxygen is taken away, yields only the energy associated with glycolysis (2ATP) and yields one of several products that are generally harmful to living organisms at high concentrations: e.g. ethanol, lactic acid. Tuesday 4/26: We mentioned the terms oxidation, reduction, and “redox ...
C483 Final Exam Study Guide The final will be held in Chemistry
... overall transformation. Cross out any that are not. Gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen synthesis, glycolysis, citric acid cycle B. Trace the metabolic path of this glutamate molecule through the intermediates it becomes on the way to being glucose. Draw the structure of glutamate a ...
... overall transformation. Cross out any that are not. Gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen synthesis, glycolysis, citric acid cycle B. Trace the metabolic path of this glutamate molecule through the intermediates it becomes on the way to being glucose. Draw the structure of glutamate a ...
Ch. 7 Study Guide
... □ I can explain how glucose is oxidized during glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle to produce reducing power in NADH and FADH ...
... □ I can explain how glucose is oxidized during glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle to produce reducing power in NADH and FADH ...
Lecture 22 Urea Cycle, Gluconeogenesis and Glyoxalate
... gluconeogenesis), and thus there might be something like a “competition” between TCA and urea cycles. The urea cycle is largely controlled by substrate availability, NH3 and glutamate being the most important factors. If there is enough glutamate, ...
... gluconeogenesis), and thus there might be something like a “competition” between TCA and urea cycles. The urea cycle is largely controlled by substrate availability, NH3 and glutamate being the most important factors. If there is enough glutamate, ...
Step 2: Pyruvate Oxidation
... • Happens in the cytoplasm • Does not require oxygen (anaerobic) • Inefficient (net 2 ATP produced) ...
... • Happens in the cytoplasm • Does not require oxygen (anaerobic) • Inefficient (net 2 ATP produced) ...
Cell Metabolism Review
... - is the breakdown of glucose (a 6 carbon monosaccharide) to 2 molecules of pyruvate (a 3 carbon compound) - uses 2 ATP’s to activate the intermediates, then releases 4 ATP’s for a net yield of 2 ATP’s - in general, under anaerobic conditions glucose is only partially broken down; a few additional r ...
... - is the breakdown of glucose (a 6 carbon monosaccharide) to 2 molecules of pyruvate (a 3 carbon compound) - uses 2 ATP’s to activate the intermediates, then releases 4 ATP’s for a net yield of 2 ATP’s - in general, under anaerobic conditions glucose is only partially broken down; a few additional r ...
CHE 4310 Fall 2011
... the breakdown of fructose, lactose, or sucrose are defective. However, there are very few cases of people having a genetic disease in which one of the enzymes of glycolysis is severely affected. Why do you suppose such mutations are seen so rarely? ...
... the breakdown of fructose, lactose, or sucrose are defective. However, there are very few cases of people having a genetic disease in which one of the enzymes of glycolysis is severely affected. Why do you suppose such mutations are seen so rarely? ...
C483 Final Exam Study Guide The final will be held in Morrison 007
... overall transformation. Cross out any that are not. Gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen synthesis, glycolysis, citric acid cycle B. Trace the metabolic path of this glutamate molecule through the intermediates it becomes on the way to being glucose. Draw the structure of glutamate a ...
... overall transformation. Cross out any that are not. Gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen synthesis, glycolysis, citric acid cycle B. Trace the metabolic path of this glutamate molecule through the intermediates it becomes on the way to being glucose. Draw the structure of glutamate a ...
ppt
... citrate buildup • Citrate goes into cytoplasm – Begins fatty acid synthesis – Inactivates glycolysis ...
... citrate buildup • Citrate goes into cytoplasm – Begins fatty acid synthesis – Inactivates glycolysis ...
Chap 5
... (3) the overall glycolysis rxn: glucose+2ADP+2NAD++2Pi→2pyruvate+2ATP+2(NADH+H+) (4) pyruvate produced in EMP pathway transfers its reducing power to NAD+ via Kreb cycle (5) Glycolysis takes place in cytoplasm (6) The site for Kreb cycle is the matrix of mitochondria in eukaryotes, but is associated ...
... (3) the overall glycolysis rxn: glucose+2ADP+2NAD++2Pi→2pyruvate+2ATP+2(NADH+H+) (4) pyruvate produced in EMP pathway transfers its reducing power to NAD+ via Kreb cycle (5) Glycolysis takes place in cytoplasm (6) The site for Kreb cycle is the matrix of mitochondria in eukaryotes, but is associated ...
BIOB111 - Tutorial activity for Session 21
... Answer these questions a. Where in the cell does the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) occur b. ...
... Answer these questions a. Where in the cell does the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) occur b. ...
Lecture 19 TCA Cycle 1. How pyruvate is converted to acetyl
... 5. Critically discuss can TCA cycle takes place in anaerobic system? Answer: TCA cycle always take place in aerobic system. In anaerobic system pyruvate is converted to lactate or ethanol. ...
... 5. Critically discuss can TCA cycle takes place in anaerobic system? Answer: TCA cycle always take place in aerobic system. In anaerobic system pyruvate is converted to lactate or ethanol. ...
Glycolysis - Centre College
... • Charge repulsion of phosphates • Increase in entropy (number of molecules increases) • Resonance stabilization of product ...
... • Charge repulsion of phosphates • Increase in entropy (number of molecules increases) • Resonance stabilization of product ...
Krebs Cycle
... Krebs Cycle: oxidative decarboxylation of the C2 Acetyl group (CH3CO). This cycle has been broken down into 4 steps. The carbons from the original glucose molecule are shown in purple and those of mitochondria molecules in blue. ...
... Krebs Cycle: oxidative decarboxylation of the C2 Acetyl group (CH3CO). This cycle has been broken down into 4 steps. The carbons from the original glucose molecule are shown in purple and those of mitochondria molecules in blue. ...
Blackline Master 4.2-2 NAME: DATE: 4.2
... ________________enters the cycle and then combines with ________________ to make the six-carbon compound ________________. During the eight steps of the citric cycle, ________________ undergoes a number of reactions, releasing _______ and ______ in a number of steps. ________________ is eventually c ...
... ________________enters the cycle and then combines with ________________ to make the six-carbon compound ________________. During the eight steps of the citric cycle, ________________ undergoes a number of reactions, releasing _______ and ______ in a number of steps. ________________ is eventually c ...
Schematic of key mitochondrial metabolic pathways
... Figure 1. Schematic of key mitochondrial metabolic pathways. (a) Carbohydrate metabolism. Pyruvate produced from glycolysis undergoes oxidative decarboxylation to acetyl CoA, which is then oxidised in an eight-step process known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The respiratory substrates NADH ...
... Figure 1. Schematic of key mitochondrial metabolic pathways. (a) Carbohydrate metabolism. Pyruvate produced from glycolysis undergoes oxidative decarboxylation to acetyl CoA, which is then oxidised in an eight-step process known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The respiratory substrates NADH ...
Glycolysis
... • Trapped in chemical bonds of fats, proteins, and carbs (potential) • liberate energy – break bonds – release energy, CO2 and H20 – Energy is transferred to ATP for use in the body ...
... • Trapped in chemical bonds of fats, proteins, and carbs (potential) • liberate energy – break bonds – release energy, CO2 and H20 – Energy is transferred to ATP for use in the body ...
Biochemistry - Bonham Chemistry
... Acetyl-CoA + 3NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2 H2O 2CO2 +3NADH + FADH2 + GTP + CoA + 3H+ ...
... Acetyl-CoA + 3NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2 H2O 2CO2 +3NADH + FADH2 + GTP + CoA + 3H+ ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.