Membrane Lipids in the Function of Serotonin and Adrenergic
... Our results using digitonin and cholesterol oxidase, in which the change in membrane order and the effect on ligand binding function of the serotonin1A receptor did not show any correlation, gave us a lead to a possible specific interaction between cholesterol and the receptor [7, 8]. A critical ass ...
... Our results using digitonin and cholesterol oxidase, in which the change in membrane order and the effect on ligand binding function of the serotonin1A receptor did not show any correlation, gave us a lead to a possible specific interaction between cholesterol and the receptor [7, 8]. A critical ass ...
Interplay Between Phospholipids and
... foundation for the rigidity of well-watered plants. 2.3 The plasma membrane The plasma membrane is the cell’s outer membrane, it controls when and how molecules and signals are transported and propagated into and out of the cell. All solutes taken up by the cell must be actively or passively transpo ...
... foundation for the rigidity of well-watered plants. 2.3 The plasma membrane The plasma membrane is the cell’s outer membrane, it controls when and how molecules and signals are transported and propagated into and out of the cell. All solutes taken up by the cell must be actively or passively transpo ...
Coarse-Grained Modeling of ProteinDynamics
... reach experimental pulling speeds by CG Go models (Zhmurov et al. 2010). CG Go models have been successfully used by many groups to study mechanical properties of proteins (West et al. 2006; Cieplak et al. 2002; Arad-Haase et al. 2010; Best and Hummer 2008). Despite their simplicity, in many cases t ...
... reach experimental pulling speeds by CG Go models (Zhmurov et al. 2010). CG Go models have been successfully used by many groups to study mechanical properties of proteins (West et al. 2006; Cieplak et al. 2002; Arad-Haase et al. 2010; Best and Hummer 2008). Despite their simplicity, in many cases t ...
Mathematical models of ion transport through cell membrane channels
... membrane voltage. Although, such paths have not been called ion channels in these papers, yet a widely accepted hypothesis was formulated that ions penetrate membranes through specific ion channels made of proteins. Channel properties as well as transport mechanisms were deducted from macroscopic me ...
... membrane voltage. Although, such paths have not been called ion channels in these papers, yet a widely accepted hypothesis was formulated that ions penetrate membranes through specific ion channels made of proteins. Channel properties as well as transport mechanisms were deducted from macroscopic me ...
Interactions of liposomes and lipid-based carrier systems with blood
... different anionic phospholipids triggers rapid clearance behavior in CD1 mice [8]. However, the clearance is not solely dependent on the negative surface charge since LUVs expressing phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidic acid (PA) or cardiolipin (CL) on their outer surface are all cleared very rapid ...
... different anionic phospholipids triggers rapid clearance behavior in CD1 mice [8]. However, the clearance is not solely dependent on the negative surface charge since LUVs expressing phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidic acid (PA) or cardiolipin (CL) on their outer surface are all cleared very rapid ...
Membrane of Striated Muscle
... same ion will depend on its external concentration, and both fluxes will be directly proportional to the mobility of the ion in the membrane. This fundamental similarity of the flux equations arises because they are all based on the assumption that the chance of any one ion crossing the membrane is ...
... same ion will depend on its external concentration, and both fluxes will be directly proportional to the mobility of the ion in the membrane. This fundamental similarity of the flux equations arises because they are all based on the assumption that the chance of any one ion crossing the membrane is ...
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... manufactured of RNA) for synthesizing them. This not only necessitates a method for regulation of protein production from the provided genome, to ensure all components are produced to required levels at appropriate times (discussed further in Section 5.6), but also a complex system for the productio ...
... manufactured of RNA) for synthesizing them. This not only necessitates a method for regulation of protein production from the provided genome, to ensure all components are produced to required levels at appropriate times (discussed further in Section 5.6), but also a complex system for the productio ...
ref. #29 of the TIBS article
... obtained by determining the number of residues between a given reference residue at the end of the transmembrane helix (the first Gln after the poly-Leu stretch) and the glycosylation acceptor Asn needed to achieve half-maximal glycosylation (see Figure 2B). We have shown previously that the P2 doma ...
... obtained by determining the number of residues between a given reference residue at the end of the transmembrane helix (the first Gln after the poly-Leu stretch) and the glycosylation acceptor Asn needed to achieve half-maximal glycosylation (see Figure 2B). We have shown previously that the P2 doma ...
Plasma membrane repair in plants
... analysis of SNARE mutants and identify which one of these show defective plasma membrane resealing. However, this could be hampered if SNARE proteins operate redundantly, in particular in secretory pathways, as has been shown for VAMP721 and VAMP722 [52]. SNAREs involved in plasma membrane repair ar ...
... analysis of SNARE mutants and identify which one of these show defective plasma membrane resealing. However, this could be hampered if SNARE proteins operate redundantly, in particular in secretory pathways, as has been shown for VAMP721 and VAMP722 [52]. SNAREs involved in plasma membrane repair ar ...
ref. #28 of the TIBS article
... The side-chains of Asp and Glu are short, and thus cannot ``snorkel'' in the same way as Arg and Lys. In addition, there might be some repulsion between the negatively charged residues and negatively charged phospholipid head groups. Indeed, both Asp and Glu cause a drop in MGD by about 1.5 residues ...
... The side-chains of Asp and Glu are short, and thus cannot ``snorkel'' in the same way as Arg and Lys. In addition, there might be some repulsion between the negatively charged residues and negatively charged phospholipid head groups. Indeed, both Asp and Glu cause a drop in MGD by about 1.5 residues ...
Structure and mechanism of ATP-dependent phospholipid transporters
... leaflet [1]. Transbilayer lipid asymmetry is essential for several vital cellular functions, including regulation of membrane protein activity, signaling, and vesicle formation in the secretory and endocytic pathways [2–5]. In animals, loss of transbilayer lipid asymmetry has been related to processe ...
... leaflet [1]. Transbilayer lipid asymmetry is essential for several vital cellular functions, including regulation of membrane protein activity, signaling, and vesicle formation in the secretory and endocytic pathways [2–5]. In animals, loss of transbilayer lipid asymmetry has been related to processe ...
Opposite and redundant roles of the two Drosophila perilipins in
... Besides Perilipin1, which has at least three isoforms, four other Perilipins have been found in mammals, namely ADRP/ Perilipin2, TIP47/Perilipin3, S3-12/Perilipin4 and OXPAT/ Perilipin5 (Bickel et al., 2009). Interestingly, at different stages of lipid droplet biogenesis, these proteins localize di ...
... Besides Perilipin1, which has at least three isoforms, four other Perilipins have been found in mammals, namely ADRP/ Perilipin2, TIP47/Perilipin3, S3-12/Perilipin4 and OXPAT/ Perilipin5 (Bickel et al., 2009). Interestingly, at different stages of lipid droplet biogenesis, these proteins localize di ...
current models for the structure of biological membranes rev iew
... of water in membrane structure . Furthermore, possible changes of structure in different functional states of membranes will not be discussed . While such changes must occur, it can be shown that in many instances only a small part of the total area need be involved and our techniques are not sensit ...
... of water in membrane structure . Furthermore, possible changes of structure in different functional states of membranes will not be discussed . While such changes must occur, it can be shown that in many instances only a small part of the total area need be involved and our techniques are not sensit ...
Mitochondrial permeability transition pore
... transition in beef heart mitochondria. In 1987, Martin Crompton et al. implied that the pore is a unique molecular entity that allows the passage of any molecule of <1500daltons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. ...
... transition in beef heart mitochondria. In 1987, Martin Crompton et al. implied that the pore is a unique molecular entity that allows the passage of any molecule of <1500daltons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. ...
Cell-penetrating peptides and antimicrobial peptides: how different
... The chimaeric peptide S413 -PV, which results from the combination of a 13-amino-acid sequence derived from the dermaseptin S4 (S413 domain) with the NLS from SV40 large T-antigen (see Table 1), was proposed as a potential vehicle to introduce macromolecules into cells [61]. The uptake of this pepti ...
... The chimaeric peptide S413 -PV, which results from the combination of a 13-amino-acid sequence derived from the dermaseptin S4 (S413 domain) with the NLS from SV40 large T-antigen (see Table 1), was proposed as a potential vehicle to introduce macromolecules into cells [61]. The uptake of this pepti ...
assembly of integral membrane proteins from the periplasm into the
... unfolded OMPs on affinity columns (Chen and Henning, 1996). E. coli cells lacking the skp gene display reduced levels of OmpA, OmpC, OmpF, and LamB in the OM (Chen and Henning, 1996; Missiakas et al., 1996), a phenotype which resembles that of surA mutants (Missiakas et al., 1996; Rouvière and Gross ...
... unfolded OMPs on affinity columns (Chen and Henning, 1996). E. coli cells lacking the skp gene display reduced levels of OmpA, OmpC, OmpF, and LamB in the OM (Chen and Henning, 1996; Missiakas et al., 1996), a phenotype which resembles that of surA mutants (Missiakas et al., 1996; Rouvière and Gross ...
Connection of the Mitochondrial Outer and Inner Membranes by
... 1997; Skehel and Wiley, 2000). Thus, SNARE complexes and viral fusion proteins share two major features: they contain ␣-helical bundles composed of coiled coils and they have two membrane-associated regions located at the same end of the rod. It is thought that in both cases the formation of the rod ...
... 1997; Skehel and Wiley, 2000). Thus, SNARE complexes and viral fusion proteins share two major features: they contain ␣-helical bundles composed of coiled coils and they have two membrane-associated regions located at the same end of the rod. It is thought that in both cases the formation of the rod ...
Single-channel electrophysiology reveals a distinct and uniform
... Synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy and dementia with Lewy bodies are characterized by deposition of aggregated a-synuclein. Recent findings indicate that pathological oligomers rather than fibrillar aggregates may represent the main toxic protein species. It has b ...
... Synucleinopathies such as Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy and dementia with Lewy bodies are characterized by deposition of aggregated a-synuclein. Recent findings indicate that pathological oligomers rather than fibrillar aggregates may represent the main toxic protein species. It has b ...
Plant lipid transfer proteins - Evolution, expression and function Monika Edstam
... Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................... - 1 Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning ............................................................................................ ...
... Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................... - 1 Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning ............................................................................................ ...
Production of Outer Membrane Vesicles in a Clinical
... images, the vesicles are about to separate from the outer membrane (Figure 1A), whereas, in others, separated vesicles near the site of the outer membrane from where they originated can be seen; it can also be seen that the site is intact (Figure 1B). ...
... images, the vesicles are about to separate from the outer membrane (Figure 1A), whereas, in others, separated vesicles near the site of the outer membrane from where they originated can be seen; it can also be seen that the site is intact (Figure 1B). ...
Insights into the Role of Specific Lipids in the
... and signal transduction (Simons and Ikonen, 1997; Brown and London, 1998; Keller and Simons, 1998; Simons and Toomre, 2000; Simons and Vaz, 2004; Hancock, 2006). Similar microdomains in the PM of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells, enriched in ergosterol, have also been reported (Bagnat et al., ...
... and signal transduction (Simons and Ikonen, 1997; Brown and London, 1998; Keller and Simons, 1998; Simons and Toomre, 2000; Simons and Vaz, 2004; Hancock, 2006). Similar microdomains in the PM of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells, enriched in ergosterol, have also been reported (Bagnat et al., ...
A Nascent Membrane Protein Is Located Adjacent to
... bilayer and is released into the lumen of the ER (Walter and Lingappa, 1986). In contrast, the nonpolar transmembrane segments of membrane proteins (also termed "stop-transfer" sequences; Blobel, 1980) do not pass through the bilayer, but are integrated into the membrane. The stop-transfer sequence ...
... bilayer and is released into the lumen of the ER (Walter and Lingappa, 1986). In contrast, the nonpolar transmembrane segments of membrane proteins (also termed "stop-transfer" sequences; Blobel, 1980) do not pass through the bilayer, but are integrated into the membrane. The stop-transfer sequence ...
A Nascent Membrane Protein Is Located Adjacent to ER Membrane
... bilayer and is released into the lumen of the ER (Walter and Lingappa, 1986). In contrast, the nonpolar transmembrane segments of membrane proteins (also termed "stop-transfer" sequences; Blobel, 1980) do not pass through the bilayer, but are integrated into the membrane. The stop-transfer sequence ...
... bilayer and is released into the lumen of the ER (Walter and Lingappa, 1986). In contrast, the nonpolar transmembrane segments of membrane proteins (also termed "stop-transfer" sequences; Blobel, 1980) do not pass through the bilayer, but are integrated into the membrane. The stop-transfer sequence ...
Theories of general anaesthetic action
A general anaesthetic (or anesthetic) is a drug that brings about a reversible loss of consciousness. These drugs are generally administered by an anaesthetist/anaesthesiologist in order to induce or maintain general anaesthesia to facilitate surgery.General anaesthetics have been widely used in surgery since 1842 when Crawford Long for the first time administered diethyl ether to a patient and performed a painless operation. It has long been believed that general anaesthetics exert their effects (analgesia, amnesia, immobility) by modulating the activity of membrane proteins in the neuronal membrane. However, the exact location and mechanism of this action are still largely unknown although much research has been done in this area. There are a number of outdated and modern theories that attempt to explain anaesthetic action.The concept of specific interactions between receptors and drugs first introduced by Paul Ehrlich states that drugs act only when they are bound to their targets (receptors). However, this concept does not seem to apply in the case of general anaesthetics because: Molecular structures of general anaesthetics widely used in medicine are very simple and diverse so that there is no obvious structure–activity relationship (see structures of general anaesthetics widely used in medicine: 1 - ethanol, 2 - chloroform, 3 - diethyl ether, 4 - fluroxene, 5 - halothane, 6 - methoxyflurane, 7 - enflurane, 8 - isoflurane, 9 - desflurane, 10 - sevoflurane)Most general anaesthetics have remarkably weak affinity for their targets acting at much higher concentrations than most other drugs so that diverse side effects are inevitable [ref].All these common features of general anaesthetics made it hard for early researchers to believe that general anaesthetics act in a specific manner and their action on neuronal membrane was thought to be global (through nonspecific perturbation of lipid membrane of CNS neurons) rather than through specific sites.