Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins as Agents of Innate Immunity
... eride-rich lipoproteins may, in part, be responsible [13, 33]. In addition, clinically relevant exposures to LPS in humans are likely to be more gradual than the abrupt bolus exposures examined in this study. Another important variable to consider regarding the protective capacity of lipoproteins i ...
... eride-rich lipoproteins may, in part, be responsible [13, 33]. In addition, clinically relevant exposures to LPS in humans are likely to be more gradual than the abrupt bolus exposures examined in this study. Another important variable to consider regarding the protective capacity of lipoproteins i ...
The Golgi Apparatus
... • Golgi apparatus – the only organelle which captivated scientist initially by suspicion, later by structural and functional complexity; • Shows ultrastructural polarity, but also a biochemical one between cisterns; • Acts in a step by step well ordered manner; • Functions as a turntable maturing, s ...
... • Golgi apparatus – the only organelle which captivated scientist initially by suspicion, later by structural and functional complexity; • Shows ultrastructural polarity, but also a biochemical one between cisterns; • Acts in a step by step well ordered manner; • Functions as a turntable maturing, s ...
Stockholm University
... H2 O/TFE 1 : 1 [13] and showed that lower pH is needed to induce β-structure, but then in the presence of SDS [15]. Here, we show that this small structural arrangement can be induced without any strong structural inducers like TFE or SDS, just by changing the pH. When correcting for nearestneighbor ...
... H2 O/TFE 1 : 1 [13] and showed that lower pH is needed to induce β-structure, but then in the presence of SDS [15]. Here, we show that this small structural arrangement can be induced without any strong structural inducers like TFE or SDS, just by changing the pH. When correcting for nearestneighbor ...
Detection, Characterization, and Bioavailability of Membrane
... reticulocyte control patient with hereditary spherocytosis, one individual with sickle trait, and a donor homozygous for HbC. Each of the sickle donors used for the reported studies is known to have normal plasma and RBC membrane vitamin E contents. RBC were washed three times in buffer (10 mM Hepes ...
... reticulocyte control patient with hereditary spherocytosis, one individual with sickle trait, and a donor homozygous for HbC. Each of the sickle donors used for the reported studies is known to have normal plasma and RBC membrane vitamin E contents. RBC were washed three times in buffer (10 mM Hepes ...
C. elegans and volatile anesthetics
... physical changes definitely occur in membranes in the presence of volatile anesthetics, relatively small increases in temperature can mimic these effects on membrane fluidity and density without causing anesthesia. For this and other reasons (see below), these early models that hypothesized a genera ...
... physical changes definitely occur in membranes in the presence of volatile anesthetics, relatively small increases in temperature can mimic these effects on membrane fluidity and density without causing anesthesia. For this and other reasons (see below), these early models that hypothesized a genera ...
Modeling the Mechanics of Cell Division: Influence of
... revealed by studies on model organisms such as bacteria, yeasts, and protozoa. Cellular membrane constriction is one of these processes, observed almost universally during cell division. It happens similarly in all organisms through a mechanical pathway synchronized with the sequence of cytokinetic ...
... revealed by studies on model organisms such as bacteria, yeasts, and protozoa. Cellular membrane constriction is one of these processes, observed almost universally during cell division. It happens similarly in all organisms through a mechanical pathway synchronized with the sequence of cytokinetic ...
Liposomal Formulations for Nucleic Acid Delivery
... drug encapsulated in the internal aqueous space formed by the liposomal lamellae. Liposomal drug formulations can be used to overcome a drug’s nonideal properties, such as limited solubility, serum stability, circulation half-life, biodistribution, and target tissue selectivity. Experience with conv ...
... drug encapsulated in the internal aqueous space formed by the liposomal lamellae. Liposomal drug formulations can be used to overcome a drug’s nonideal properties, such as limited solubility, serum stability, circulation half-life, biodistribution, and target tissue selectivity. Experience with conv ...
Facing extremes: archaeal surface-layer (glyco)proteins
... in which these micro-organisms exist, manages to maintain its structural integrity. In most cases, a surface (S)-layer, generally formed from identical protein subunits arranged into a monolayer of simple and repetitive patterns, serves as the envelope of the archaeal cell. Research into the biogene ...
... in which these micro-organisms exist, manages to maintain its structural integrity. In most cases, a surface (S)-layer, generally formed from identical protein subunits arranged into a monolayer of simple and repetitive patterns, serves as the envelope of the archaeal cell. Research into the biogene ...
Facing extremes: archaeal surface-layer (glyco)proteins
... in which these micro-organisms exist, manages to maintain its structural integrity. In most cases, a surface (S)-layer, generally formed from identical protein subunits arranged into a monolayer of simple and repetitive patterns, serves as the envelope of the archaeal cell. Research into the biogene ...
... in which these micro-organisms exist, manages to maintain its structural integrity. In most cases, a surface (S)-layer, generally formed from identical protein subunits arranged into a monolayer of simple and repetitive patterns, serves as the envelope of the archaeal cell. Research into the biogene ...
Effects of Single Amino Acid Substitution on the Biophysical
... peptides with bacterial versus mammalian cytoplasmic membrane was illustrated by the binding events of the peptides to anionic or zwitterionic lipid vesicles. The repositioning of the tryptophan indole group in an environment of reduced polarity upon membrane binding results in a blue shift in the f ...
... peptides with bacterial versus mammalian cytoplasmic membrane was illustrated by the binding events of the peptides to anionic or zwitterionic lipid vesicles. The repositioning of the tryptophan indole group in an environment of reduced polarity upon membrane binding results in a blue shift in the f ...
Charakterisierung peroxisomaler und Lipid
... It was shown that Lpx1p is present in the peroxisome but Ldh1p is predominantly localized to lipid droplets. Lpx1p as well as Ldh1p comprises the typical GXSXG-type lipase motif of members of the α/β-hydrolase family. Both proteins carry a putative peroxisomal targeting signal type-1 (PTS1) and can ...
... It was shown that Lpx1p is present in the peroxisome but Ldh1p is predominantly localized to lipid droplets. Lpx1p as well as Ldh1p comprises the typical GXSXG-type lipase motif of members of the α/β-hydrolase family. Both proteins carry a putative peroxisomal targeting signal type-1 (PTS1) and can ...
S C T
... resulting in their random distribution (Singer and Nicolson, 1972). However, to account for lateral heterogeneities in membranes, which is a result of proteinprotein, protein–lipid and lipid-lipid interactions, this model has recently been refined (Vereb et al., 2003). Membrane lipids are divided in ...
... resulting in their random distribution (Singer and Nicolson, 1972). However, to account for lateral heterogeneities in membranes, which is a result of proteinprotein, protein–lipid and lipid-lipid interactions, this model has recently been refined (Vereb et al., 2003). Membrane lipids are divided in ...
Platelet Dense Granule Membranes Contain Both
... Fluorescencewas detected at 525 nm. Forward and 90” light scatter measurements were used to establish gates for intact viable platelets. Single-parameter,255channel. log-integralgreen fluorescent histogramswere obtained, each based on 1 x I@ gated events. ...
... Fluorescencewas detected at 525 nm. Forward and 90” light scatter measurements were used to establish gates for intact viable platelets. Single-parameter,255channel. log-integralgreen fluorescent histogramswere obtained, each based on 1 x I@ gated events. ...
PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE AND RELATED LIPIDS
... phosphatidylcholine synthesis can lead to inhibition of growth or even cell death. Enhanced synthesis of phosphatidylcholine appears to occur in cancer cells and solid tumours, and this may prove to be a target for therapeutic agents. Whatever the mechanism of biosynthesis in tissues, it is apparent ...
... phosphatidylcholine synthesis can lead to inhibition of growth or even cell death. Enhanced synthesis of phosphatidylcholine appears to occur in cancer cells and solid tumours, and this may prove to be a target for therapeutic agents. Whatever the mechanism of biosynthesis in tissues, it is apparent ...
Physiology of ionophore transport of potassium and sodium
... and conformational barriers of the valinomycin are low. It is known that valinomycin undergoes conformational changes in different solvents, so crystallisation from different solvents might result in conformationally different complexes in the crystalline form (Simon et al., 1978). It is also highly ...
... and conformational barriers of the valinomycin are low. It is known that valinomycin undergoes conformational changes in different solvents, so crystallisation from different solvents might result in conformationally different complexes in the crystalline form (Simon et al., 1978). It is also highly ...
Lipid interaction of the C terminus and association of the
... ATL; see Fig. 1C). When indicated, the peptide was added at 10 min and the nucleotide was added at 30 min. Controls without nucleotide are shown for comparison. (B) As in A, but with mutant peptides or a peptide consisting of D-amino acids (D-CTH). The slightly lower activity of D-CTH might indicate ...
... ATL; see Fig. 1C). When indicated, the peptide was added at 10 min and the nucleotide was added at 30 min. Controls without nucleotide are shown for comparison. (B) As in A, but with mutant peptides or a peptide consisting of D-amino acids (D-CTH). The slightly lower activity of D-CTH might indicate ...
Divalent Cation-Dependent Formation of
... cations allows them to bind at a distance of roughly sij. The essence of ionmediated attractions is that these bonds are strong and long-lived enough so that one or two counterions can draw together two lipids and be bound to both simultaneously (24,25). Due to its coarse-grained nature, our model u ...
... cations allows them to bind at a distance of roughly sij. The essence of ionmediated attractions is that these bonds are strong and long-lived enough so that one or two counterions can draw together two lipids and be bound to both simultaneously (24,25). Due to its coarse-grained nature, our model u ...
University of Groningen Cross-linking of dimeric CitS and GltS
... described before (Dobrowolski et al. 2007, Dobrowolski and Lolkema 2009). Plasmid pGltS-BAD1 was obtained by ligation of the BAD encoding fragment with NcoI overhangs into the NcoI site of pN356C situated in between the His-tag and GltS encoding sequences. Plasmid pGltS-BAD206 was obtained in a simi ...
... described before (Dobrowolski et al. 2007, Dobrowolski and Lolkema 2009). Plasmid pGltS-BAD1 was obtained by ligation of the BAD encoding fragment with NcoI overhangs into the NcoI site of pN356C situated in between the His-tag and GltS encoding sequences. Plasmid pGltS-BAD206 was obtained in a simi ...
Undergraduate/Graduate Category: Interdisciplinary Topics, Centers and Institutes Degree Level:Graduate
... solution at room temperature • Experiments were repeated for 56 times in identical conditions, liposome fusion was found in 5 of them ...
... solution at room temperature • Experiments were repeated for 56 times in identical conditions, liposome fusion was found in 5 of them ...
Influenza virus assembly and budding
... A/WSN/33 and A/PR/8, have been passaged extensively in eggs. Thus, the loss of filament-forming ability may be an adaptation to growth in eggs and not specifically applicable to human infection, although it should be noted that even infections with filamentous strains produce both filamentous as well as ...
... A/WSN/33 and A/PR/8, have been passaged extensively in eggs. Thus, the loss of filament-forming ability may be an adaptation to growth in eggs and not specifically applicable to human infection, although it should be noted that even infections with filamentous strains produce both filamentous as well as ...
Lens Major Intrinsic Protein (MIP)
... OC. After 3 min, Rh-PS vesicles were added to the cuvette (arrow). The time course of NBD fluorescence emission was recorded (excitation, 450 nm; emission, 520 nm; slit width, 10 nm): mixture of NBD-PC-Mbs and Rh-PS vesicles (-); mixture of NBD-PC and Rh-PS vesicles (- - -). This process is known as ...
... OC. After 3 min, Rh-PS vesicles were added to the cuvette (arrow). The time course of NBD fluorescence emission was recorded (excitation, 450 nm; emission, 520 nm; slit width, 10 nm): mixture of NBD-PC-Mbs and Rh-PS vesicles (-); mixture of NBD-PC and Rh-PS vesicles (- - -). This process is known as ...
Candida Freyschussii: an Oleaginous Yeast Producing Lipids
... cultivation of oleaginous yeasts was explored with the aim to produce microbial oils. Forty strains of environmental non-conventional yeasts belonging to 19 different species were screened for the ability to grow on glycerol and produce intracellular lipids in a medium containing an excess of this c ...
... cultivation of oleaginous yeasts was explored with the aim to produce microbial oils. Forty strains of environmental non-conventional yeasts belonging to 19 different species were screened for the ability to grow on glycerol and produce intracellular lipids in a medium containing an excess of this c ...
Chloroplast structure: from chlorophyll granules to supra
... 10 Å (McIntosh 2001). The latter resolution should provide researchers with the means of fitting crystal structure information into real thylakoids. To date, however, no EM tomographic studies of thylakoid membranes have been published. ...
... 10 Å (McIntosh 2001). The latter resolution should provide researchers with the means of fitting crystal structure information into real thylakoids. To date, however, no EM tomographic studies of thylakoid membranes have been published. ...
as PDF
... addition to artificial lipid bilayers. To address this issue, we employed membrane patches from a neuroblastoma cell line (GT1-7 cells), and found that AβP(1–40) formed amyloid channels on GT1-7 cell membranes (Kawahara et al., 1997). GT1-7 cells (immortalized hypothalamic neurons) are derived from ...
... addition to artificial lipid bilayers. To address this issue, we employed membrane patches from a neuroblastoma cell line (GT1-7 cells), and found that AβP(1–40) formed amyloid channels on GT1-7 cell membranes (Kawahara et al., 1997). GT1-7 cells (immortalized hypothalamic neurons) are derived from ...
Intermediary Metabolism and Life-History Trade
... Glycine metabolism was measured in females from three pairs (blocks) of LW(f )- or SW-selected lines during the twenty-third generation of selection. All lines had been derived from the same base population, which, in turn, had been derived from crickets collected in Gainesville, Florida (Zera and C ...
... Glycine metabolism was measured in females from three pairs (blocks) of LW(f )- or SW-selected lines during the twenty-third generation of selection. All lines had been derived from the same base population, which, in turn, had been derived from crickets collected in Gainesville, Florida (Zera and C ...
Theories of general anaesthetic action
A general anaesthetic (or anesthetic) is a drug that brings about a reversible loss of consciousness. These drugs are generally administered by an anaesthetist/anaesthesiologist in order to induce or maintain general anaesthesia to facilitate surgery.General anaesthetics have been widely used in surgery since 1842 when Crawford Long for the first time administered diethyl ether to a patient and performed a painless operation. It has long been believed that general anaesthetics exert their effects (analgesia, amnesia, immobility) by modulating the activity of membrane proteins in the neuronal membrane. However, the exact location and mechanism of this action are still largely unknown although much research has been done in this area. There are a number of outdated and modern theories that attempt to explain anaesthetic action.The concept of specific interactions between receptors and drugs first introduced by Paul Ehrlich states that drugs act only when they are bound to their targets (receptors). However, this concept does not seem to apply in the case of general anaesthetics because: Molecular structures of general anaesthetics widely used in medicine are very simple and diverse so that there is no obvious structure–activity relationship (see structures of general anaesthetics widely used in medicine: 1 - ethanol, 2 - chloroform, 3 - diethyl ether, 4 - fluroxene, 5 - halothane, 6 - methoxyflurane, 7 - enflurane, 8 - isoflurane, 9 - desflurane, 10 - sevoflurane)Most general anaesthetics have remarkably weak affinity for their targets acting at much higher concentrations than most other drugs so that diverse side effects are inevitable [ref].All these common features of general anaesthetics made it hard for early researchers to believe that general anaesthetics act in a specific manner and their action on neuronal membrane was thought to be global (through nonspecific perturbation of lipid membrane of CNS neurons) rather than through specific sites.