Saccade-induced activity of dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus X
... saccade was detected if the eye velocity exceeded 50 deg0s. Saccade onset was defined as the time when the velocity reached 10% of the peak velocity during the rising part of the velocity profile. Mean slow-phase eye velocity was calculated from “desaccaded” spontaneous nystagmic eye movements durin ...
... saccade was detected if the eye velocity exceeded 50 deg0s. Saccade onset was defined as the time when the velocity reached 10% of the peak velocity during the rising part of the velocity profile. Mean slow-phase eye velocity was calculated from “desaccaded” spontaneous nystagmic eye movements durin ...
Temporal and spatial alterations in GPi neuronal encoding might
... Gerstein, 2001). The mean firing rate of the neuron across n trials (n > 15), and aligned on the corresponding stimulus, was then calculated, to give a smoothed version of the standard peri-event time histogram (PETH) (Baker & Gerstein, 2001). Smoothed PETHs were calculated for each recorded neuron, ...
... Gerstein, 2001). The mean firing rate of the neuron across n trials (n > 15), and aligned on the corresponding stimulus, was then calculated, to give a smoothed version of the standard peri-event time histogram (PETH) (Baker & Gerstein, 2001). Smoothed PETHs were calculated for each recorded neuron, ...
A local circuit approach to understanding integration of
... suppresses responses when the center stimulus is of high contrast. Both facilitation and suppression effects tend to be strongest for iso-orientation surrounds. (a) Typical data from a cell in cat V1 obtained by Toth et al. (1996) but presented here for the first time. Increasing the contrast of an ...
... suppresses responses when the center stimulus is of high contrast. Both facilitation and suppression effects tend to be strongest for iso-orientation surrounds. (a) Typical data from a cell in cat V1 obtained by Toth et al. (1996) but presented here for the first time. Increasing the contrast of an ...
Novel visual stimuli activate a population of neurons
... made; and that the neuronal responses had sharp onset latencies at t100 ms to eVective stimuli as illustrated in Fig. 1B. While searching for visual cells, the task was run with 12 images in a standard familiar set used every day that were rewarded, and one (the S¡) that was associated with saline. ...
... made; and that the neuronal responses had sharp onset latencies at t100 ms to eVective stimuli as illustrated in Fig. 1B. While searching for visual cells, the task was run with 12 images in a standard familiar set used every day that were rewarded, and one (the S¡) that was associated with saline. ...
Separate Representations of Target and Timing Cue Locations in
... respect to events in the timing-cue task trials (see analysis intervals in Fig. 1C). The first two analysis intervals were chosen to include any initial visual responses to each instructional stimulus. The timing cue on interval was defined as the 350-ms interval starting 50 ms after the presentatio ...
... respect to events in the timing-cue task trials (see analysis intervals in Fig. 1C). The first two analysis intervals were chosen to include any initial visual responses to each instructional stimulus. The timing cue on interval was defined as the 350-ms interval starting 50 ms after the presentatio ...
Functional Connectivity during Surround Suppression in
... One common property among visual sensory neurons, that has been attributed frequently to horizontal intra-areal connections, is surround suppression, also known as size tuning. Surround suppression, found initially in the retina [1], has since been found and studied extensively in all subsequent vis ...
... One common property among visual sensory neurons, that has been attributed frequently to horizontal intra-areal connections, is surround suppression, also known as size tuning. Surround suppression, found initially in the retina [1], has since been found and studied extensively in all subsequent vis ...
Time-Dependent Activation of Feed-Forward Inhibition in
... was aligned with the center of the screen. Under these conditions, the angle subtended by a screen pixel (0.22°) was well below the acceptance angle of a single ommatidium (!1.5°) (Wilson 1975). The approach of black squares (half-size l, constant speed v; !0 cd/m2; Fig. 1B) on a white background (! ...
... was aligned with the center of the screen. Under these conditions, the angle subtended by a screen pixel (0.22°) was well below the acceptance angle of a single ommatidium (!1.5°) (Wilson 1975). The approach of black squares (half-size l, constant speed v; !0 cd/m2; Fig. 1B) on a white background (! ...
compound action potential: nerve conduction
... When an action potential is produced in a neuron it is propagated away from the location where it was initially produced. This motion is produced by the change in open/closed properties of ion channels in the excitable membrane. To produce the action potential, a stimulus must open sodium channels ( ...
... When an action potential is produced in a neuron it is propagated away from the location where it was initially produced. This motion is produced by the change in open/closed properties of ion channels in the excitable membrane. To produce the action potential, a stimulus must open sodium channels ( ...
The Emergence of Selective Attention through - laral
... target, presented among others, the distracters, by pressing alternative buttons or by verbally reporting the observed items. Usually in these experiments the target is defined on the basis of its features, such as the colour or the shape. Subjects’ response is very fast and accurate when the target ...
... target, presented among others, the distracters, by pressing alternative buttons or by verbally reporting the observed items. Usually in these experiments the target is defined on the basis of its features, such as the colour or the shape. Subjects’ response is very fast and accurate when the target ...
Nucleus Gracilis: An Integrator for Visceral and Somatic Information
... effect of both lesions. Figure 6 shows the cumulative effect of both the electrolytic and the chemical lesions of the NG on the responses of VPL cells to CRD (A) and cutaneous stimuli (B). Responses to 80-mmHg CRD show a significant reduction of 59.8 { 3.4%. Responses to BR were also significantly r ...
... effect of both lesions. Figure 6 shows the cumulative effect of both the electrolytic and the chemical lesions of the NG on the responses of VPL cells to CRD (A) and cutaneous stimuli (B). Responses to 80-mmHg CRD show a significant reduction of 59.8 { 3.4%. Responses to BR were also significantly r ...
Wind Direction Coding in the Cockroach Escape Response: Winner
... evoked in the impaled GI occurred at 7 msec after a timing signal used to activate the wind system. The hook recording (Fig. 4 A, middle trace) shows the spikes of all the GIs and numerous other cells excited by the wind stimulus. In the immediately following experimental trial (Fig. 4 B), we delive ...
... evoked in the impaled GI occurred at 7 msec after a timing signal used to activate the wind system. The hook recording (Fig. 4 A, middle trace) shows the spikes of all the GIs and numerous other cells excited by the wind stimulus. In the immediately following experimental trial (Fig. 4 B), we delive ...
PRINCIPLES OF NEUROBIOLOGY CHAPTER 6
... stimulus, then that pattern of action potentials is considered ‘signal’: it contains information about the presence of a stimulus. On the other hand, if the firing pattern of a neuron is not dependent on the presence of a stimulus, then that neuron’s firing contains no information about the presenc ...
... stimulus, then that pattern of action potentials is considered ‘signal’: it contains information about the presence of a stimulus. On the other hand, if the firing pattern of a neuron is not dependent on the presence of a stimulus, then that neuron’s firing contains no information about the presenc ...
The Human Expression of Symmetry: Art and - Smith
... to the low-spatial-frequency content of the patterns (since the range criterion is generally proportional to the spatial frequency content of the pattern). The discovery that it is polarityinsensitive complex cells that signal the symmetry axis of symmetric patterns [Lee, 1995 #46] makes it importa ...
... to the low-spatial-frequency content of the patterns (since the range criterion is generally proportional to the spatial frequency content of the pattern). The discovery that it is polarityinsensitive complex cells that signal the symmetry axis of symmetric patterns [Lee, 1995 #46] makes it importa ...
Chapter 29 - krigolson teaching
... be a central anesthesia during the eye movement. But this cannot be true, for there are instances in which vision is quite clear during a saccade. An object can be seen during a saccade if it is moving as fast as the eye and in the same direction, as occurs for example during a saccade in the direct ...
... be a central anesthesia during the eye movement. But this cannot be true, for there are instances in which vision is quite clear during a saccade. An object can be seen during a saccade if it is moving as fast as the eye and in the same direction, as occurs for example during a saccade in the direct ...
“Attention for Action” and “Response Selection” in Primate Anterior
... The isolated unit signals were acquired digitally by the TEMPO system at 1 kHz only during successful trials. This system was also set up to record the horizontal and vertical eye positions, electromyograph (EMG), and other task-related events simultaneously. The EMG (amplified at 50,000fold gain, f ...
... The isolated unit signals were acquired digitally by the TEMPO system at 1 kHz only during successful trials. This system was also set up to record the horizontal and vertical eye positions, electromyograph (EMG), and other task-related events simultaneously. The EMG (amplified at 50,000fold gain, f ...
Functional Organization of Ferret Auditory Cortex
... software as ‘spikes’. Units were isolated from the digitized signal by manually clustering data according to spike features, such as amplitude, width and area. We also inspected inter-spike-interval (ISI) histograms and only cases for which the ISI revealed a clear refractory period were classed as ...
... software as ‘spikes’. Units were isolated from the digitized signal by manually clustering data according to spike features, such as amplitude, width and area. We also inspected inter-spike-interval (ISI) histograms and only cases for which the ISI revealed a clear refractory period were classed as ...
Neural Coding and Auditory Perception
... fibers more coincidentally across CF in the late portion of the response (Fig. 2, left). XFCD model neurons transformed the differences in the degree of coincidence across AN fibers into differences in temporal patterns: Their responses showed later peaks for sharp transition stimuli and earlier pea ...
... fibers more coincidentally across CF in the late portion of the response (Fig. 2, left). XFCD model neurons transformed the differences in the degree of coincidence across AN fibers into differences in temporal patterns: Their responses showed later peaks for sharp transition stimuli and earlier pea ...
contextual influences on visual processing
... when a stimulus (a spot of light, for example) is displaced by discrete intervals over space and time. (This is, of course, the basis for motion picture photography.) Elementism argues that this motion percept should be reducible to the elemental sensations, which consist of static points of light o ...
... when a stimulus (a spot of light, for example) is displaced by discrete intervals over space and time. (This is, of course, the basis for motion picture photography.) Elementism argues that this motion percept should be reducible to the elemental sensations, which consist of static points of light o ...
Anatomofunctional organization of the ventral primary motor and
... Hand motor activity We first tested hand grasping in the proximity of the monkey’s body, with the arm corresponding to the tested hand restrained, in order to distinguish hand-related motor activity from possible responses due to arm movements; this test was also carried out by closing the monkey’s ...
... Hand motor activity We first tested hand grasping in the proximity of the monkey’s body, with the arm corresponding to the tested hand restrained, in order to distinguish hand-related motor activity from possible responses due to arm movements; this test was also carried out by closing the monkey’s ...
Modulation of early cortical processing during divided attention to
... relates to the timing of the attentional modulation. SSVEP and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have provided evidence that modulation occurs in early visual cortical areas. However, owing to the low temporal resolution of the methods employed, these studies are not suitable for investi ...
... relates to the timing of the attentional modulation. SSVEP and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have provided evidence that modulation occurs in early visual cortical areas. However, owing to the low temporal resolution of the methods employed, these studies are not suitable for investi ...
Behavioral dopamine signals
... Corresponding author: Schultz, W. ([email protected]). Available online 2 April 2007. www.sciencedirect.com ...
... Corresponding author: Schultz, W. ([email protected]). Available online 2 April 2007. www.sciencedirect.com ...
Effect of Tactile Inputs on Thalamic Responses to Noxious
... response of the neurons to CRD was compared before and after the conditioning procedure by giving tactile stimulation either immediately before CRD or overlapping it. Twenty-five ventroposterior lateral (VPL) thalamic neurons were found among numerous tactile-only neurons to have convergent inputs f ...
... response of the neurons to CRD was compared before and after the conditioning procedure by giving tactile stimulation either immediately before CRD or overlapping it. Twenty-five ventroposterior lateral (VPL) thalamic neurons were found among numerous tactile-only neurons to have convergent inputs f ...
Full-Text PDF
... ability to target specific neuronal populations. Targeting subpopulations requires stimuli designed to evoke activity in particular neurons or brain regions while simultaneously preventing activation of off-target neurons or brain regions [3,4]. Improvements in selective stimulation are applicable t ...
... ability to target specific neuronal populations. Targeting subpopulations requires stimuli designed to evoke activity in particular neurons or brain regions while simultaneously preventing activation of off-target neurons or brain regions [3,4]. Improvements in selective stimulation are applicable t ...
Cortical Algorithms for Perceptual Grouping
... how perceptual grouping may be implemented in the visual cortex. According to this framework, two mechanisms are responsible for perceptual grouping: base-grouping and incremental grouping. Base-groupings are coded by single neurons tuned to multiple features, like the combination of a color and an ...
... how perceptual grouping may be implemented in the visual cortex. According to this framework, two mechanisms are responsible for perceptual grouping: base-grouping and incremental grouping. Base-groupings are coded by single neurons tuned to multiple features, like the combination of a color and an ...
Response priming
In the psychology of perception and motor control, the term response priming denotes a special form of priming. Generally, priming effects take place whenever a response to a target stimulus is influenced by a prime stimulus presented at an earlier time. The distinctive feature of response priming is that prime and target are presented in quick succession (typically, less than 100 milliseconds apart) and are coupled to identical or alternative motor responses. When a speeded motor response is performed to classify the target stimulus, a prime immediately preceding the target can thus induce response conflicts when assigned to a different response as the target. These response conflicts have observable effects on motor behavior, leading to priming effects, e.g., in response times and error rates. A special property of response priming is its independence from visual awareness of the prime.