AN INTEGRATIVE THEORY OF LOCUS
... of the neural mechanisms underlying performance in simple decision-making tasks. We propose that within the context of a given task, phasic activity of the LC-NE system facilitates behavioral responses to the outcome of task-specific decision processes, filtering responses to irrelevant events.1 By se ...
... of the neural mechanisms underlying performance in simple decision-making tasks. We propose that within the context of a given task, phasic activity of the LC-NE system facilitates behavioral responses to the outcome of task-specific decision processes, filtering responses to irrelevant events.1 By se ...
Pontine Gustatory Activity Is Altered by Electrical Stimulation in the
... Lundy, Robert F., Jr. and Ralph Norgren. Pontine gustatory activity is altered by electrical stimulation in the central nucleus of the amygdala. J Neurophysiol 85: 770 –783, 2001. Visceral signals and experience modulate the responses of brain stem neurons to gustatory stimuli. Both behavioral and a ...
... Lundy, Robert F., Jr. and Ralph Norgren. Pontine gustatory activity is altered by electrical stimulation in the central nucleus of the amygdala. J Neurophysiol 85: 770 –783, 2001. Visceral signals and experience modulate the responses of brain stem neurons to gustatory stimuli. Both behavioral and a ...
Neuronal-Derived Nitric Oxide and Somatodendritically Released
... Care and Use Committee of Georgia Regents University. Rats were housed in a room maintained at 20°C–22°C with a 12 h:12 h light-dark cycle and given ad libitum access to food and water. Coronal hypothalamic brain slices were prepared from juvenile (P21–P45) 85 female Wistar VP-eGFP rats, 2 male Wist ...
... Care and Use Committee of Georgia Regents University. Rats were housed in a room maintained at 20°C–22°C with a 12 h:12 h light-dark cycle and given ad libitum access to food and water. Coronal hypothalamic brain slices were prepared from juvenile (P21–P45) 85 female Wistar VP-eGFP rats, 2 male Wist ...
Dynamics of sensory processing in the dual olfactory pathway of the
... Manuscript editor: Bernd Grünewald ...
... Manuscript editor: Bernd Grünewald ...
Adaptive Gain and Optimal Performance
... of the neural mechanisms underlying performance in simple decision-making tasks. We propose that within the context of a given task, phasic activity of the LC-NE system facilitates behavioral responses to the outcome of task-specific decision processes, filtering responses to irrelevant events.1 By se ...
... of the neural mechanisms underlying performance in simple decision-making tasks. We propose that within the context of a given task, phasic activity of the LC-NE system facilitates behavioral responses to the outcome of task-specific decision processes, filtering responses to irrelevant events.1 By se ...
Action Potentials in Earthworms
... Background In the resting cell, the permeability of the membrane to potassium (PK) is greater than its permeability to sodium (PNa). Stimulation, like synaptic activity coming from other nerve cells, can depolarize (make less negative) the cell membrane. Sodium channels in the cell membrane are sens ...
... Background In the resting cell, the permeability of the membrane to potassium (PK) is greater than its permeability to sodium (PNa). Stimulation, like synaptic activity coming from other nerve cells, can depolarize (make less negative) the cell membrane. Sodium channels in the cell membrane are sens ...
A Cholinergic Mechanism for Reward Timing within Primary Visual Cortex Please share
... responses before and after policy reversal. Since pre-reversal index scores from intact and 192-IgG-saporin-infused animals were not significantly different from each other (cue 1dominant: Mann-Whitney U test P = 0.4010; cue 2-dominant: P = 0.7980), these data were combined together for the remainin ...
... responses before and after policy reversal. Since pre-reversal index scores from intact and 192-IgG-saporin-infused animals were not significantly different from each other (cue 1dominant: Mann-Whitney U test P = 0.4010; cue 2-dominant: P = 0.7980), these data were combined together for the remainin ...
invariant face and object recognition in the visual system
... neurons even have relatively view-invariant responses, responding to different views of the same face but not of other faces (Hasselmo et al., 1989a). It is clearly important that invariance in the visual system is made explicit in the neuronal responses, for this simplifies greatly the output of th ...
... neurons even have relatively view-invariant responses, responding to different views of the same face but not of other faces (Hasselmo et al., 1989a). It is clearly important that invariance in the visual system is made explicit in the neuronal responses, for this simplifies greatly the output of th ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... field of neuron j. A number of variations of the normalization equation have been applied to model different systems: Different inputs Dk can be assigned different weights αjk in the normalization pool. These weights define a suppressive field. The suppressive field may differ across neurons (hence ...
... field of neuron j. A number of variations of the normalization equation have been applied to model different systems: Different inputs Dk can be assigned different weights αjk in the normalization pool. These weights define a suppressive field. The suppressive field may differ across neurons (hence ...
Bounded Integration in Parietal Cortex Underlies
... rates as evidence mounts for or against the direction associated with the choice target in the response field (RF) of each cell. Furthermore, just before the saccade, LIP neurons attain the same level of activity, independent of motion strength. Hence, in the RT task, where the stimulus viewing dura ...
... rates as evidence mounts for or against the direction associated with the choice target in the response field (RF) of each cell. Furthermore, just before the saccade, LIP neurons attain the same level of activity, independent of motion strength. Hence, in the RT task, where the stimulus viewing dura ...
response preparation and inhibition: the role of the
... with a self-initiated lever depression and maintenance (sustained motor output) and required a visual pattern discrimination followed by either a lever release (GO) or continued lever-holding (NO-GO) response. Analyzing simultaneous local field potentials (LFPs) from primary somatosensory, frontal m ...
... with a self-initiated lever depression and maintenance (sustained motor output) and required a visual pattern discrimination followed by either a lever release (GO) or continued lever-holding (NO-GO) response. Analyzing simultaneous local field potentials (LFPs) from primary somatosensory, frontal m ...
Anatomical origins of the classical receptive field and modulatory
... same eye, while the arbor of a single parvocellular channel axon spreads across only half an ocular dominance band- about 200 pm (Fig. 1). The physical size of thalamic axon arbors relative to the size of the dendritic arbor of the thalamic recipient neurons in the cortex, and the overlap between th ...
... same eye, while the arbor of a single parvocellular channel axon spreads across only half an ocular dominance band- about 200 pm (Fig. 1). The physical size of thalamic axon arbors relative to the size of the dendritic arbor of the thalamic recipient neurons in the cortex, and the overlap between th ...
Reaching beyond the classical receptive field of V1 neurons
... moving high contrast sinewave grating of optimal orientation, spatial and temporal frequencies for the cell, and to increase its size until the response of the neuron ceases to increase [20,54,84]. The high contrast summation RF (hsRF) corresponds to the region of visual field over which the cell sum ...
... moving high contrast sinewave grating of optimal orientation, spatial and temporal frequencies for the cell, and to increase its size until the response of the neuron ceases to increase [20,54,84]. The high contrast summation RF (hsRF) corresponds to the region of visual field over which the cell sum ...
Optogenetic drive of neocortical pyramidal neurons generates fMRI
... We first tested whether a BOLD response could be observed in response to optical stimulation in neurons expressing ChR2. Stimuli were presented for 15 s blocks at a frequency of 40 Hz and 8 ms pulse duration, followed by 15 s of no stimulation, and repeated 16 times in each run. Activation was obser ...
... We first tested whether a BOLD response could be observed in response to optical stimulation in neurons expressing ChR2. Stimuli were presented for 15 s blocks at a frequency of 40 Hz and 8 ms pulse duration, followed by 15 s of no stimulation, and repeated 16 times in each run. Activation was obser ...
Responses of single neurons in the human brain during flash
... studying the neuronal correlates of visual consciousness (Blake and Logothetis, 2002; Crick and Koch, 1998; Logothetis, 1998; Myerson et al., 1981). The new stimulus is clearly and consistently observed, suppressing the stimulus previously shown monocularly (Figure 12-1). It is important to emphasiz ...
... studying the neuronal correlates of visual consciousness (Blake and Logothetis, 2002; Crick and Koch, 1998; Logothetis, 1998; Myerson et al., 1981). The new stimulus is clearly and consistently observed, suppressing the stimulus previously shown monocularly (Figure 12-1). It is important to emphasiz ...
Mapping Retinotopic Structure in Mouse Visual Cortex with Optical
... within the primary visual cortex. We determined the extent of area 17 with a maximum intensity projection of the intrinsic signal across all imaged single-condition maps and aligned the resulting map with both cytochrome oxidase-stained and SMI32-stained (Duffy et al., 1998) sections using the super ...
... within the primary visual cortex. We determined the extent of area 17 with a maximum intensity projection of the intrinsic signal across all imaged single-condition maps and aligned the resulting map with both cytochrome oxidase-stained and SMI32-stained (Duffy et al., 1998) sections using the super ...
The orbitofrontal cortex: Neuronal activity in the behaving monkey
... the orbitofrontal neurons to be grouped into certain classes. For example, neurons with responses confirmed as visual in further testing (see below) responded as soon as the object was shown to the animal (count period 4). Neurons which did not respond in count period 4, but did respond as the objec ...
... the orbitofrontal neurons to be grouped into certain classes. For example, neurons with responses confirmed as visual in further testing (see below) responded as soon as the object was shown to the animal (count period 4). Neurons which did not respond in count period 4, but did respond as the objec ...
Extraction of Sensory Parameters from a Neural Map by Primary
... covered with mechanosensory hairs, each of which is innervated with a single sensory neuron. The axons of the sensory neurons project into the terminal abdominal ganglion, located at the caudal end of the abdominal nerve cord. B, An image from the database, showing the outline of the terminal abdomi ...
... covered with mechanosensory hairs, each of which is innervated with a single sensory neuron. The axons of the sensory neurons project into the terminal abdominal ganglion, located at the caudal end of the abdominal nerve cord. B, An image from the database, showing the outline of the terminal abdomi ...
Normalization as a canonical neural computation
... The brain has a modular design. The advantages of modularity are well known to engineers: modules that can be replicated and cascaded, such as transistors and web servers, lie at the root of powerful technologies. The brain seems to apply this principle in two ways: with modular circuits and ...
... The brain has a modular design. The advantages of modularity are well known to engineers: modules that can be replicated and cascaded, such as transistors and web servers, lie at the root of powerful technologies. The brain seems to apply this principle in two ways: with modular circuits and ...
Turning on the alarm - Center for Healthy Minds
... subject-specific categorical pain threshold, the minimum temperature at which subjects pressed the button to indicate pain more often than not. Percent button presses for each temperature were also calculated across subjects. The mean ratings on the two subjective scales were calculated for each temp ...
... subject-specific categorical pain threshold, the minimum temperature at which subjects pressed the button to indicate pain more often than not. Percent button presses for each temperature were also calculated across subjects. The mean ratings on the two subjective scales were calculated for each temp ...
Position Selectivity in Scene- and Object-Responsive
... specificity of neurons in scene-selective regions could help elucidate their functions. For example, if these regions contain neurons with RF sizes similar to LOC, this may indicate that they encode local features common to environmental scenes such as doors, windows, bricks, and tree trunks. On the ...
... specificity of neurons in scene-selective regions could help elucidate their functions. For example, if these regions contain neurons with RF sizes similar to LOC, this may indicate that they encode local features common to environmental scenes such as doors, windows, bricks, and tree trunks. On the ...
Responses of single neurons in the human brain during flash
... disruption (where subjects typically report observing a mixture of the two stimuli) is evident for ISIs longer than 500 ms. The flash duration, tflash , can be as short as 10 ms. A long flash duration produces binocular rivalry (the contralateral stimulus is observed first and then alternation betwe ...
... disruption (where subjects typically report observing a mixture of the two stimuli) is evident for ISIs longer than 500 ms. The flash duration, tflash , can be as short as 10 ms. A long flash duration produces binocular rivalry (the contralateral stimulus is observed first and then alternation betwe ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... Fig. 5.15 (A) Estimate of mutual information between face stimuli and firing rate responses of C cells in the inferior-temporal cortex. The set of stimuli consisted 20 faces (stars). 8 faces (crosses), and 4 face(squares). (B) the information in the population of cells relative to the umber of stimu ...
... Fig. 5.15 (A) Estimate of mutual information between face stimuli and firing rate responses of C cells in the inferior-temporal cortex. The set of stimuli consisted 20 faces (stars). 8 faces (crosses), and 4 face(squares). (B) the information in the population of cells relative to the umber of stimu ...
Ulanovsky et al., 2003
... during tone sequences weakened forward suppression, whereas inactivating Pvalb+ interneurons altered its spectral dependence. Additionally, these interneuron-specific effects on forward suppression were not caused by a change in the response to the earlier tone, as matching first-tone responses betw ...
... during tone sequences weakened forward suppression, whereas inactivating Pvalb+ interneurons altered its spectral dependence. Additionally, these interneuron-specific effects on forward suppression were not caused by a change in the response to the earlier tone, as matching first-tone responses betw ...
Olfactory modulation by dopamine in the context of aversive learning
... This task is made all the more difficult because most resources have patchy distributions and varying reward values. This variability establishes different behavioral contexts in which sensory information is encoded by the nervous system. The nervous system must therefore adjust its activity so that ...
... This task is made all the more difficult because most resources have patchy distributions and varying reward values. This variability establishes different behavioral contexts in which sensory information is encoded by the nervous system. The nervous system must therefore adjust its activity so that ...
Response priming
In the psychology of perception and motor control, the term response priming denotes a special form of priming. Generally, priming effects take place whenever a response to a target stimulus is influenced by a prime stimulus presented at an earlier time. The distinctive feature of response priming is that prime and target are presented in quick succession (typically, less than 100 milliseconds apart) and are coupled to identical or alternative motor responses. When a speeded motor response is performed to classify the target stimulus, a prime immediately preceding the target can thus induce response conflicts when assigned to a different response as the target. These response conflicts have observable effects on motor behavior, leading to priming effects, e.g., in response times and error rates. A special property of response priming is its independence from visual awareness of the prime.