2.1-2.2 Greenland and Iceland ecosystem overview
... bottom topography is generally rough with hard bottom types. The strong, cold East Greenland Current dominates the hydrographic conditions along the coast of Greenland. In some years the warmer Irminger Current extends somewhat further west, transporting heat and organisms from Iceland into Greenlan ...
... bottom topography is generally rough with hard bottom types. The strong, cold East Greenland Current dominates the hydrographic conditions along the coast of Greenland. In some years the warmer Irminger Current extends somewhat further west, transporting heat and organisms from Iceland into Greenlan ...
Ammonia concentrations in nutrient deplete oceanic waters
... of summer stratification, and the permanent thermocline. Studies of oligotrophic waters have for many years reported undectectable concentrations of the major nutrients. Therefore, quantification of biogeochemical processes would not be practicable for these waters when there are no reliable data. ...
... of summer stratification, and the permanent thermocline. Studies of oligotrophic waters have for many years reported undectectable concentrations of the major nutrients. Therefore, quantification of biogeochemical processes would not be practicable for these waters when there are no reliable data. ...
Ch. 14 The Oceans
... 11. Is the following sentence true or false? The continental slope is where the rock that makes up the continent stops and the rock of the ocean floor begins. ...
... 11. Is the following sentence true or false? The continental slope is where the rock that makes up the continent stops and the rock of the ocean floor begins. ...
Pillars of Hercules: is the Atlantic–Mediterranean
... The geological history of the Mediterranean Sea, its hydrography and connection with the Atlantic Ocean have been well documented. Despite a wealth of historical and oceanographic data, the Atlantic–Mediterranean transition remains controversial at the biological level as there are discordant result ...
... The geological history of the Mediterranean Sea, its hydrography and connection with the Atlantic Ocean have been well documented. Despite a wealth of historical and oceanographic data, the Atlantic–Mediterranean transition remains controversial at the biological level as there are discordant result ...
GEF4400 “The Earth System”
... • Surface ocean currents are driven by the circulation of wind above surface waters, interacting with evaporation, sinking of cold water at high latitudes, and the Coriolis force generated by the earth's rotation. Frictional stress at the interface between the ocean and the wind causes the water to ...
... • Surface ocean currents are driven by the circulation of wind above surface waters, interacting with evaporation, sinking of cold water at high latitudes, and the Coriolis force generated by the earth's rotation. Frictional stress at the interface between the ocean and the wind causes the water to ...
A Review of the North Atlantic Circulation, Marine Climate Change
... circulation and its climatic imprint, Sec. 2, and a review of our knowledge of the natural variability of the ocean circulation in Sec. 3. In Sec. 4, we focus on the response of the large scale circulation to anthropogenic forcing based on model studies. Model predictions showing both gradual- and a ...
... circulation and its climatic imprint, Sec. 2, and a review of our knowledge of the natural variability of the ocean circulation in Sec. 3. In Sec. 4, we focus on the response of the large scale circulation to anthropogenic forcing based on model studies. Model predictions showing both gradual- and a ...
Surface Mixed Layer Profile of Physical and Biogeochemical
... from the surface microlayer extending to about 45 m depth, with moderately elevated concentrations simulated within the 0 - 25 m depth. This enhanced chlorophyll-a concentration might have been filliped by entrenchment of nutrients, and could have coincided with a period of shallower mixed layer, wh ...
... from the surface microlayer extending to about 45 m depth, with moderately elevated concentrations simulated within the 0 - 25 m depth. This enhanced chlorophyll-a concentration might have been filliped by entrenchment of nutrients, and could have coincided with a period of shallower mixed layer, wh ...
Ocean Challenge Vol. 6 No.1 1995
... with a uniform density i n a horizontal direction, and another station B above the continental slope or shelf. A tube may be imagined, going from the surface at station A down to the "nought-level", from there horizontally it reaches the bottom of the slope, thence along this vertical to the surface ...
... with a uniform density i n a horizontal direction, and another station B above the continental slope or shelf. A tube may be imagined, going from the surface at station A down to the "nought-level", from there horizontally it reaches the bottom of the slope, thence along this vertical to the surface ...
Introduction – Chapter 1
... • The ocean covers 71% of the Earth’s surface • Accounts for >97% of the Earth’s water! • The average depth of the ocean is 3,800 meters (12,500 feet) and at its deepest depth is 7,000 ft greater than the highest elevation on land (Mt. Everest 29,000 ft; Mariana Trench 36,163 ft) • The average tempe ...
... • The ocean covers 71% of the Earth’s surface • Accounts for >97% of the Earth’s water! • The average depth of the ocean is 3,800 meters (12,500 feet) and at its deepest depth is 7,000 ft greater than the highest elevation on land (Mt. Everest 29,000 ft; Mariana Trench 36,163 ft) • The average tempe ...
Climate of the Past
... sea-surface waters and changes in the meridional overturning circulation (MOC), with peculiar consequences on the North Atlantic Drift (NAD) and on the formation of North Atlantic Deep Waters (NADW) (e.g. Bond et al., 1992; Bond and Lotti, 1995; Broecker, 1997; Kissel et al., 1999a; Alley et al., 19 ...
... sea-surface waters and changes in the meridional overturning circulation (MOC), with peculiar consequences on the North Atlantic Drift (NAD) and on the formation of North Atlantic Deep Waters (NADW) (e.g. Bond et al., 1992; Bond and Lotti, 1995; Broecker, 1997; Kissel et al., 1999a; Alley et al., 19 ...
Thoughts on the evolution of modern oceans
... Explanation o f the evolution of the Earth’s oceans, particularly the processes involved in the generation of the oceans, are important for understanding the general appearance of our planet, and for the solution o f specific problems. A compara tive study o f the world’s oceans shows there is a si ...
... Explanation o f the evolution of the Earth’s oceans, particularly the processes involved in the generation of the oceans, are important for understanding the general appearance of our planet, and for the solution o f specific problems. A compara tive study o f the world’s oceans shows there is a si ...
Chapter 14 The Ocean Floor
... In regions where trenches do not exist, the steep continental slope merges into a more gradual incline known as the continental rise. Here the steepness of the slope drops to about 6 meters per kilometer. Whereas the width of the continental slope averages about 20 kilometers, the continental rise m ...
... In regions where trenches do not exist, the steep continental slope merges into a more gradual incline known as the continental rise. Here the steepness of the slope drops to about 6 meters per kilometer. Whereas the width of the continental slope averages about 20 kilometers, the continental rise m ...
Hydrography shapes bacterial biogeography of the deep
... It has been long debated as to whether marine microorganisms have a ubiquitous distribution or patterns of biogeography, but recently a consensus for the existence of microbial biogeography is emerging. However, the factors controlling the distribution of marine bacteria remain poorly understood. In ...
... It has been long debated as to whether marine microorganisms have a ubiquitous distribution or patterns of biogeography, but recently a consensus for the existence of microbial biogeography is emerging. However, the factors controlling the distribution of marine bacteria remain poorly understood. In ...
The South Atlantic Anticyclone as a key player for the representation
... location contributes to errors in the modeled wind stress and low marine clouds. As mentioned-above, the variability of the South Atlantic Anticyclone (SAA) affects the southern tropical Atlantic through the wind stress variability in the region, which plays a leading role in the generation of SST a ...
... location contributes to errors in the modeled wind stress and low marine clouds. As mentioned-above, the variability of the South Atlantic Anticyclone (SAA) affects the southern tropical Atlantic through the wind stress variability in the region, which plays a leading role in the generation of SST a ...
Climatic Consequences of Long-term Global Salination of Ocean
... The long-term salination of two major osmolyte systems, the ocean and the inner environment of vertebrates has been compared. The average osmolality of today’s sea (1.09 Osm) is more than three times higher than that of the blood of land vertebrates (~0.3 Osm). Of the two major strategies for ionic ...
... The long-term salination of two major osmolyte systems, the ocean and the inner environment of vertebrates has been compared. The average osmolality of today’s sea (1.09 Osm) is more than three times higher than that of the blood of land vertebrates (~0.3 Osm). Of the two major strategies for ionic ...
Directed Reading
... bottom is called the a. continental margin. b. deep-ocean basin. c. continental crust. d. oceanic crust. ______ 3. Continental margins are made up of continental crust a. and a thin sediment layer. b. and a thick wedge of sediment. c. without a sedimentary layer. d. or a sedimentary layer. ______ 4. ...
... bottom is called the a. continental margin. b. deep-ocean basin. c. continental crust. d. oceanic crust. ______ 3. Continental margins are made up of continental crust a. and a thin sediment layer. b. and a thick wedge of sediment. c. without a sedimentary layer. d. or a sedimentary layer. ______ 4. ...
Chapter 1 Introduction – Planet, Oceans and Life
... The heat transfer through the ocean is possible because of the larger heat-capacity of water compared with that of air: there is more heat stored in the upper 3 metres of the global ocean than in the entire atmosphere of the Earth. Put another way, the oceans hold more than 1,000 times more heat tha ...
... The heat transfer through the ocean is possible because of the larger heat-capacity of water compared with that of air: there is more heat stored in the upper 3 metres of the global ocean than in the entire atmosphere of the Earth. Put another way, the oceans hold more than 1,000 times more heat tha ...
Notes on the Ocean Circulation for Climate Understanding
... It is much more difficult to observe the ocean (including the facts that we live on the upper edges of the ocean and at the base of the atmosphere). The last point is an essential one: The depiction of the ocean in textbooks rests primarily on the fundamental observational fact that until very recentl ...
... It is much more difficult to observe the ocean (including the facts that we live on the upper edges of the ocean and at the base of the atmosphere). The last point is an essential one: The depiction of the ocean in textbooks rests primarily on the fundamental observational fact that until very recentl ...
Michael Scott McCartney Physical Oceanographer Senior Scientist
... the equator. Journal of Geophysical Research, 96(C11), 20,443−20,448. Speer, K. G., and M. S. McCartney, 1992. Bottom water circulation in the western North Atlantic. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 22(1), 83−92. Tsuchiya, M., L. D. Talley, and M. S. McCartney, 1992. An eastern Atlantic section fr ...
... the equator. Journal of Geophysical Research, 96(C11), 20,443−20,448. Speer, K. G., and M. S. McCartney, 1992. Bottom water circulation in the western North Atlantic. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 22(1), 83−92. Tsuchiya, M., L. D. Talley, and M. S. McCartney, 1992. An eastern Atlantic section fr ...
Michael Scott McCartney Physical Oceanographer Senior Scientist Department of Physical Oceanography
... the equator. Journal of Geophysical Research, 96(C11), 20,443−20,448. Speer, K. G., and M. S. McCartney, 1992. Bottom water circulation in the western North Atlantic. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 22(1), 83−92. Tsuchiya, M., L. D. Talley, and M. S. McCartney, 1992. An eastern Atlantic section fr ...
... the equator. Journal of Geophysical Research, 96(C11), 20,443−20,448. Speer, K. G., and M. S. McCartney, 1992. Bottom water circulation in the western North Atlantic. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 22(1), 83−92. Tsuchiya, M., L. D. Talley, and M. S. McCartney, 1992. An eastern Atlantic section fr ...
North Atlantic-Arctic Gateways
... of the Iceland shelf and slope and has no distinct rift valley. The middle part, however, roughly between 69° and 70°45'N, is characterized by parallel ridges ranging in depth from 370 to 1400 m. An axial rift valley also is developed and varies in depth from 1000 to 1400 m. Between 70°50' and 71°40 ...
... of the Iceland shelf and slope and has no distinct rift valley. The middle part, however, roughly between 69° and 70°45'N, is characterized by parallel ridges ranging in depth from 370 to 1400 m. An axial rift valley also is developed and varies in depth from 1000 to 1400 m. Between 70°50' and 71°40 ...
Long-time Series in Icelandic Waters in Relation to Physical
... years in the West Greenland and Labrador area during 1992–94. Also, it would be interesting to observe if its response will be found in low salinity in South Icelandic waters around year 1996, and then once more with its impact on the Icelandic capelin stock in North Icelandic waters around year 200 ...
... years in the West Greenland and Labrador area during 1992–94. Also, it would be interesting to observe if its response will be found in low salinity in South Icelandic waters around year 1996, and then once more with its impact on the Icelandic capelin stock in North Icelandic waters around year 200 ...
14.2 Ocean Floor Features
... tal shelf is the continental slope. This slope is steeper than the shelf, and it marks the boundary between continental crust and oceanic crust. The continental slope can be seen in Figure 7 on page 402. Although the steepness of the continental slope varies greatly from place to place, it averages ...
... tal shelf is the continental slope. This slope is steeper than the shelf, and it marks the boundary between continental crust and oceanic crust. The continental slope can be seen in Figure 7 on page 402. Although the steepness of the continental slope varies greatly from place to place, it averages ...
Module 3 -- Resources (PDF- 1462KB)
... Life in the ocean is dependent upon sunlight and the tiny plants called phytoplanktons that use sunlight to photosynthesise and grow. Animals live in all different parts or zones of the ocean. Where they live depends upon the amount of sunlight, temperature, pressure and movement of water. The sunli ...
... Life in the ocean is dependent upon sunlight and the tiny plants called phytoplanktons that use sunlight to photosynthesise and grow. Animals live in all different parts or zones of the ocean. Where they live depends upon the amount of sunlight, temperature, pressure and movement of water. The sunli ...
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceanic divisions, following the Pacific Ocean. With a total area of about 106,400,000 square kilometres (41,100,000 sq mi), it covers approximately 20 percent of the Earth's surface and about 29 percent of its water surface area. The first part of its name refers to Atlas of Greek mythology, making the Atlantic the ""Sea of Atlas"".The oldest known mention of ""Atlantic"" is in The Histories of Herodotus around 450 BC (Hdt. 1.202.4): Atlantis thalassa (Greek: Ἀτλαντὶς θάλασσα; English: Sea of Atlas). The term Ethiopic Ocean, derived from Ethiopia, was applied to the southern Atlantic as late as the mid-19th century. Before Europeans discovered other oceans, their term ""ocean"" was synonymous with the waters beyond the Strait of Gibraltar that are now known as the Atlantic. The early Greeks believed this ocean to be a gigantic river encircling the world.The Atlantic Ocean occupies an elongated, S-shaped basin extending longitudinally between Eurasia and Africa to the east, and the Americas to the west. As one component of the interconnected global ocean, it is connected in the north to the Arctic Ocean, to the Pacific Ocean in the southwest, the Indian Ocean in the southeast, and the Southern Ocean in the south (other definitions describe the Atlantic as extending southward to Antarctica). The equator subdivides it into the North Atlantic Ocean and South Atlantic Ocean.