Effective Population Size, Gene Flow, and Species Status in a
... Species are one of the fundamental units of biological organization, and species delimitation is a major goal in evolutionary biology [1]. A wide range of different data types and methodological approaches has been used to delimit species, and often different data or approaches lead to dramatically ...
... Species are one of the fundamental units of biological organization, and species delimitation is a major goal in evolutionary biology [1]. A wide range of different data types and methodological approaches has been used to delimit species, and often different data or approaches lead to dramatically ...
Biology of the black-backed jackal Canis mesomelas
... absence of other African predators, defence of resources by groups of jackals could potentially result in increased aggression. This has been recorded in the closely related golden jackal Canis aureus (Macdonald 1979)). Hunting, trapping or poisoning of jackals in agricultural areas creates gaps in ...
... absence of other African predators, defence of resources by groups of jackals could potentially result in increased aggression. This has been recorded in the closely related golden jackal Canis aureus (Macdonald 1979)). Hunting, trapping or poisoning of jackals in agricultural areas creates gaps in ...
LATVIJAS UNIVERSITĀTE
... Regional studies on various aspects of macrophytes become more frequent all over Europe. According to Baatrup-Pedersen et al. (2006), the macrophyte communities on the European scale and in particular regions, e.g. the Baltic region are different. Streams in Latvia are relatively less affected by hu ...
... Regional studies on various aspects of macrophytes become more frequent all over Europe. According to Baatrup-Pedersen et al. (2006), the macrophyte communities on the European scale and in particular regions, e.g. the Baltic region are different. Streams in Latvia are relatively less affected by hu ...
Dung beetle assemblages on tropical land
... small islands (<35.8 ha). Results from GLMs supported these findings, with isolation and edge index also being important for small islands. The SIE also manifested in patterns of dung beetle community composition where communities on small islands (<35.8 ha) departed from those on the mainland and l ...
... small islands (<35.8 ha). Results from GLMs supported these findings, with isolation and edge index also being important for small islands. The SIE also manifested in patterns of dung beetle community composition where communities on small islands (<35.8 ha) departed from those on the mainland and l ...
Trait correlates and functional significance of heteranthery in
... we considered two taxa as part of the same family (e.g. Caesalpinaceae was included within Fabaceae). In the case of Liliaceae and Gentianaceae, heteranthery has been reported previously (Vogel, 1978; Endress, 1994); however, we were unable to verify these reports by finding information regarding th ...
... we considered two taxa as part of the same family (e.g. Caesalpinaceae was included within Fabaceae). In the case of Liliaceae and Gentianaceae, heteranthery has been reported previously (Vogel, 1978; Endress, 1994); however, we were unable to verify these reports by finding information regarding th ...
Camden Valley Way REF - Ecological Assessment
... Absent – Associated vegetation communities not present within study area. ...
... Absent – Associated vegetation communities not present within study area. ...
7th Annual EFJ Public Lecture - The Environmental Foundation of
... this period consist primarily of ancient marine organisms, mostly invertebrates (animals without backbones). Terrestrial fossil remains, particularly of vertebrates (animals with backbones), have been very rare. But two ancient fossil vertebrates are of special note. First, Jamaica had its own rhino ...
... this period consist primarily of ancient marine organisms, mostly invertebrates (animals without backbones). Terrestrial fossil remains, particularly of vertebrates (animals with backbones), have been very rare. But two ancient fossil vertebrates are of special note. First, Jamaica had its own rhino ...
Rock outcrop habitats in the Venezuelan Guayana lowlands: their
... kilometers is limited to the North by the Orinoco river, to the East by the Atlantic Ocean and to the South roughly by the middle and lower course of the Amazon river. In the West it reaches into the Colombian Amazonia as far West as the Chiribiquete mountains and the Araracuara rapids on the Caquet ...
... kilometers is limited to the North by the Orinoco river, to the East by the Atlantic Ocean and to the South roughly by the middle and lower course of the Amazon river. In the West it reaches into the Colombian Amazonia as far West as the Chiribiquete mountains and the Araracuara rapids on the Caquet ...
Past tree range dynamics in the Iberian Peninsula
... main utility of nuclear markers is to determine geographical patterns of genetic diversity, which can to some extent be used to infer past dynamics, too (e.g. López de Heredia et al., 2005). Phylogeographical studies have described historical population and geographical range dynamics of numerous tr ...
... main utility of nuclear markers is to determine geographical patterns of genetic diversity, which can to some extent be used to infer past dynamics, too (e.g. López de Heredia et al., 2005). Phylogeographical studies have described historical population and geographical range dynamics of numerous tr ...
Hillebrand et al. 2008 Ecology - NCEAS
... also alter dominance structure of the natural assemblage, as exotic species often show an initial dominance (Seabloom et al. 2003, Guo et al. 2006). While the results of observational studies of evenness–invasibility relationships have not been consistent, demonstrating both positive (Robinson et al ...
... also alter dominance structure of the natural assemblage, as exotic species often show an initial dominance (Seabloom et al. 2003, Guo et al. 2006). While the results of observational studies of evenness–invasibility relationships have not been consistent, demonstrating both positive (Robinson et al ...
Temporal variability of forest communities: empirical estimates of
... poorly understood. One scenario is that a combination of environmental variance and weak niche stabilisation leads to storage effects (Chesson 2000) or temporal niches, whereby a rare species can benefit from favourable environmental conditions by expanding to fill its niche, but a common species ca ...
... poorly understood. One scenario is that a combination of environmental variance and weak niche stabilisation leads to storage effects (Chesson 2000) or temporal niches, whereby a rare species can benefit from favourable environmental conditions by expanding to fill its niche, but a common species ca ...
Plant community responses to long-term fertilization: Changes in
... central (3 m x 3 m area) of the subplot; the location of the harvested quadrat was shifted each ...
... central (3 m x 3 m area) of the subplot; the location of the harvested quadrat was shifted each ...
An African grassland responds similarly to long
... Priority effects may play a large role in plant communities [1–4]. The relationships among functional traits, composition and diversity in short-term studies may not reflect vegetation processes in the long-term, because traits of the initial dominants may be unrelated to the long-term outcome of co ...
... Priority effects may play a large role in plant communities [1–4]. The relationships among functional traits, composition and diversity in short-term studies may not reflect vegetation processes in the long-term, because traits of the initial dominants may be unrelated to the long-term outcome of co ...
Programme - Arid Zone Ecology Forum
... “Islands of fertility” result from focussing of water and nutrients around many shrub- or tree-savanna species due to plant-foraging for resources. Plant-animal feedbacks may amplify the development of such islands through environmental modification due to, for example, faunal deposition of nutrient ...
... “Islands of fertility” result from focussing of water and nutrients around many shrub- or tree-savanna species due to plant-foraging for resources. Plant-animal feedbacks may amplify the development of such islands through environmental modification due to, for example, faunal deposition of nutrient ...
Pleistocene megafaunal interaction networks
... considered only mammalian herbivores larger than 5 kg, which are more likely to be preyed upon by the carnivores that make up the large mode of the body size distribution [27,28]. Accordingly, we only included carnivore species larger than 10 kg. In this way, we avoided including carnivores such as ...
... considered only mammalian herbivores larger than 5 kg, which are more likely to be preyed upon by the carnivores that make up the large mode of the body size distribution [27,28]. Accordingly, we only included carnivore species larger than 10 kg. In this way, we avoided including carnivores such as ...
Precipitation and aridity index regulating spatial patterns of
... diversity is conducive to greater biomass production {Ram, 1989 #71}{Aarssen, 1997 #61}. In ...
... diversity is conducive to greater biomass production {Ram, 1989 #71}{Aarssen, 1997 #61}. In ...
0213187 COVER SHEET FOR PROPOSAL TO THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PD 98-1128 01/10/02
... The term "assembly rules" has been controversial in ecology. In a nutshell, ecologists want to know whether particular processes govern the inclusion or exclusion of species from communities and if such processes lead to any predictability in the composition of those communities. A primary issue in ...
... The term "assembly rules" has been controversial in ecology. In a nutshell, ecologists want to know whether particular processes govern the inclusion or exclusion of species from communities and if such processes lead to any predictability in the composition of those communities. A primary issue in ...
Modeling foundation species in food webs
... connectance, or the proportion of possible links realized. C ¼ L/S2, where L is number of links and S is the number of species species richness linkage density ¼ L/S, number of links per species clustering coefficient, probability that two taxa linked to the same taxon are also linked characteristic ...
... connectance, or the proportion of possible links realized. C ¼ L/S2, where L is number of links and S is the number of species species richness linkage density ¼ L/S, number of links per species clustering coefficient, probability that two taxa linked to the same taxon are also linked characteristic ...
Locally rare species influence grassland ecosystem
... or a particular study site (but see [11]). In order to understand the response of natural and semi-natural ecosystems to ongoing global change, we therefore need to examine the relationships between different components of diversity (above- versus below-ground, common versus rare) and ecosystem mult ...
... or a particular study site (but see [11]). In order to understand the response of natural and semi-natural ecosystems to ongoing global change, we therefore need to examine the relationships between different components of diversity (above- versus below-ground, common versus rare) and ecosystem mult ...
Locally rare species influence grassland ecosystem multifunctionality
... or a particular study site (but see [11]). In order to understand the response of natural and semi-natural ecosystems to ongoing global change, we therefore need to examine the relationships between different components of diversity (above- versus below-ground, common versus rare) and ecosystem mult ...
... or a particular study site (but see [11]). In order to understand the response of natural and semi-natural ecosystems to ongoing global change, we therefore need to examine the relationships between different components of diversity (above- versus below-ground, common versus rare) and ecosystem mult ...
Conservation Systematics: The Bufo boreas Species Group
... Inadequacies in Systematics and Linnaean Taxonomy for Conservation The Linnaean system (Linnaeus, 1737, and described in the codes of nomenclature: International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999; International Botanical Congress, 2000; International Association of Microbiological Societie ...
... Inadequacies in Systematics and Linnaean Taxonomy for Conservation The Linnaean system (Linnaeus, 1737, and described in the codes of nomenclature: International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999; International Botanical Congress, 2000; International Association of Microbiological Societie ...
Biome Scavenger Hunt
... 125 to upwards of 660 cm of rainfall cover this biome. Temperatures range between 20 ⁰ and 34⁰C. Plant species found here are broadleaf evergreens, bamboo, fig and coconut trees. Animals that feed off of and live on these plants are chimpanzees, Bengal tigers, elephants, orangutans, bats, toucans, s ...
... 125 to upwards of 660 cm of rainfall cover this biome. Temperatures range between 20 ⁰ and 34⁰C. Plant species found here are broadleaf evergreens, bamboo, fig and coconut trees. Animals that feed off of and live on these plants are chimpanzees, Bengal tigers, elephants, orangutans, bats, toucans, s ...
The elephant in the room: the role of failed invasions
... We also searched the reference lists and citations received by the papers identified in the search. Complementary, we searched mentions for failures in global catalogues of naturalized species (Lever 1987, 1996, 2003, Long 2003). Experts in the field also helped identify cases of failed invasions. W ...
... We also searched the reference lists and citations received by the papers identified in the search. Complementary, we searched mentions for failures in global catalogues of naturalized species (Lever 1987, 1996, 2003, Long 2003). Experts in the field also helped identify cases of failed invasions. W ...
Extent and ecological consequences of hunting
... activity is predominantly illegal and therefore concealed. However, ecological transect surveys often record hunting signs such as snares, gun cartridges and hunting paths, which suggests that hunters are penetrating up to 40 km into the forest from the nearest access point such as roads and rivers ...
... activity is predominantly illegal and therefore concealed. However, ecological transect surveys often record hunting signs such as snares, gun cartridges and hunting paths, which suggests that hunters are penetrating up to 40 km into the forest from the nearest access point such as roads and rivers ...
Fauna of Africa
Fauna of Africa, in its broader sense, is all the animals living in Africa and its surrounding seas and islands. The more characteristic African fauna is found in the Afrotropical ecoregion. Lying almost entirely within the tropics, and equally to north and south of the equator creates favourable conditions for rich wildlife.