Ecological Society of America - Wentworth Group of Concerned
... the Gelman-Rubin statistic for 15 species selected at random from the total of 269 species (Zuur et al. 2002). Finding that in all cases convergence was achieved within 1000 iterations, a conservative 5000 samples were used as a standard burn-in and traces of the MCMC chains were checked for all spe ...
... the Gelman-Rubin statistic for 15 species selected at random from the total of 269 species (Zuur et al. 2002). Finding that in all cases convergence was achieved within 1000 iterations, a conservative 5000 samples were used as a standard burn-in and traces of the MCMC chains were checked for all spe ...
whole_diss_fin_draft[2].
... The reproductive organs, ovaries in females and testes in males, are paired structures with the right member lying anterior to the left. Male lizards possess a pair of hemipenes. At rest these form a bulge at the base of the tail which often allows the sex of an individual to be ascertained. During ...
... The reproductive organs, ovaries in females and testes in males, are paired structures with the right member lying anterior to the left. Male lizards possess a pair of hemipenes. At rest these form a bulge at the base of the tail which often allows the sex of an individual to be ascertained. During ...
Ecological speciation
... • Ecological factors of speciation: o Habitat isolation (salinity levels, substrate types, host species ...) o Temporal isolation (flowering times) o Sexual isolation (selection for body size) o Gametic isolation (gamete recognition mechanisms) o Postzygotic isolation (hybrid low fitness / lethality ...
... • Ecological factors of speciation: o Habitat isolation (salinity levels, substrate types, host species ...) o Temporal isolation (flowering times) o Sexual isolation (selection for body size) o Gametic isolation (gamete recognition mechanisms) o Postzygotic isolation (hybrid low fitness / lethality ...
Regeneration of Sponges in Ecological Context: Is Regeneration an
... quickest in Neofibularia nolitangere, the species most easily broken and most susceptible to predation by angelfishes. Experimentally generated fragments of three erect branching species of Caribbean reef sponges reattached to solid substrata (a key step in full regeneration) at rates that were inve ...
... quickest in Neofibularia nolitangere, the species most easily broken and most susceptible to predation by angelfishes. Experimentally generated fragments of three erect branching species of Caribbean reef sponges reattached to solid substrata (a key step in full regeneration) at rates that were inve ...
A distance-based framework for measuring functional diversity from
... De´partement de Sciences Biologiques, Universite´ de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C 3J7 Canada ...
... De´partement de Sciences Biologiques, Universite´ de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal H3C 3J7 Canada ...
Regeneration of Sponges in Ecological Context
... Duckworth 2003; Henry and Hart 2005; Wulff 2006a), as elaborated in the following paragraphs. Comparisons of differently dealt wounds in many individuals of the same species have revealed that the amount of damage, type of damage, size of the sponge, and location on the individual sponge can influen ...
... Duckworth 2003; Henry and Hart 2005; Wulff 2006a), as elaborated in the following paragraphs. Comparisons of differently dealt wounds in many individuals of the same species have revealed that the amount of damage, type of damage, size of the sponge, and location on the individual sponge can influen ...
Correcting widespread misidentifications of the highly abundant and
... as far east as the Andaman Sea (Whitehead, 1985). The range of S. longiceps does not include the Philippines; however, the range of a morphologically similar species, S. lemuru, does. The Bali sardinella Sardinella lemuru occurs from southern Japan, throughout Taiwan, the Philippines, across Indones ...
... as far east as the Andaman Sea (Whitehead, 1985). The range of S. longiceps does not include the Philippines; however, the range of a morphologically similar species, S. lemuru, does. The Bali sardinella Sardinella lemuru occurs from southern Japan, throughout Taiwan, the Philippines, across Indones ...
Download Chapter 6: Conclusions
... explanation for the proportionally greater consumption of large fruits and seeds relative to smaller fruits and seeds by black rats may be related to the reduced time to satiation when large seeds are eaten (Janzen 1971). As described in the previous hypothesis, most of the intermediate-sized seeds ...
... explanation for the proportionally greater consumption of large fruits and seeds relative to smaller fruits and seeds by black rats may be related to the reduced time to satiation when large seeds are eaten (Janzen 1971). As described in the previous hypothesis, most of the intermediate-sized seeds ...
use intensity affects orthopteran communities
... and showed distinct consequences. Studies in The current loss of species is to a great extent temperate grasslands showed that intensive grazcaused by anthropogenic influences (Pimm et al. ing reduced orthopteran species richness and 1995, Hooper et al. 2005), especially by land-use Shannon diversi ...
... and showed distinct consequences. Studies in The current loss of species is to a great extent temperate grasslands showed that intensive grazcaused by anthropogenic influences (Pimm et al. ing reduced orthopteran species richness and 1995, Hooper et al. 2005), especially by land-use Shannon diversi ...
Keystone species in seed dispersal networks are mainly
... scale invariance, Bascompte 2009, 2010), but to understand how a species becomes a keystone in a web of mutualistic interactions we need to assess the species’ importance in this complex context and through quantitative operational definitions. However, the task of quantifying a species’ relative im ...
... scale invariance, Bascompte 2009, 2010), but to understand how a species becomes a keystone in a web of mutualistic interactions we need to assess the species’ importance in this complex context and through quantitative operational definitions. However, the task of quantifying a species’ relative im ...
plant species diversity in natural and managed forests of the pacific
... of old-growth ecosystems have stimulated critical review and revision of existing forest management policies. However, studies of the consequences of forest management for plant species diversity are sorely lacking. We present data from permanent-plot and chronosequence studies in managed and unmana ...
... of old-growth ecosystems have stimulated critical review and revision of existing forest management policies. However, studies of the consequences of forest management for plant species diversity are sorely lacking. We present data from permanent-plot and chronosequence studies in managed and unmana ...
Species Composition of Nebraska`s Freshwater Gastropod Fauna: A
... energy throughput in aquatic systems involves snails (Newbold et al. 1983, Richardson et al. 1988, Brown 2001). These important ecosystem components are in a conservation crisis. The non-marine mollusks collectively are thought be one of the most threatened groups of organisms (Lydeard et al. 2004). ...
... energy throughput in aquatic systems involves snails (Newbold et al. 1983, Richardson et al. 1988, Brown 2001). These important ecosystem components are in a conservation crisis. The non-marine mollusks collectively are thought be one of the most threatened groups of organisms (Lydeard et al. 2004). ...
The relative contributions of species richness and species
... should be more important in non-weeded than in controlled systems. We found support for the second hypothesis, but not for the first. On the contrary, the contribution of species richness became markedly more important few years after the start of the Jena Experiment. This result can be interpreted ...
... should be more important in non-weeded than in controlled systems. We found support for the second hypothesis, but not for the first. On the contrary, the contribution of species richness became markedly more important few years after the start of the Jena Experiment. This result can be interpreted ...
Habitat Partitioning by Two Sympatric Species of Chipmunk (Genus
... Many intraspecific aggressive interactions were observed between N. amoenus individuals at the feeding stations. There were times when some individuals would feed in a group and other times where a dominant N. amoenus would chase off conspecifics and feed alone. Neotamias amoenus was frequently obse ...
... Many intraspecific aggressive interactions were observed between N. amoenus individuals at the feeding stations. There were times when some individuals would feed in a group and other times where a dominant N. amoenus would chase off conspecifics and feed alone. Neotamias amoenus was frequently obse ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
... By definition, speciation is the production of new daughter species. For some, speciation means transformation of one species to another (phyletic speciation), an idea championed by Lamarck which is also known as vertical tradition. For others led by Darwin (horizontal tradition), speciation implies ...
... By definition, speciation is the production of new daughter species. For some, speciation means transformation of one species to another (phyletic speciation), an idea championed by Lamarck which is also known as vertical tradition. For others led by Darwin (horizontal tradition), speciation implies ...
A Three-Way Trade-Off Maintains Functional Diversity under
... Because P is commonly limiting in freshwater systems (Lampert and Sommer 2007) and to follow Sommer, we focus on it as the nutrient. As a metric of competitive ability for P, we use scaled uptake affinity for phosphate (Psaff), which is a composite of three functional traits: maximum cell-specific p ...
... Because P is commonly limiting in freshwater systems (Lampert and Sommer 2007) and to follow Sommer, we focus on it as the nutrient. As a metric of competitive ability for P, we use scaled uptake affinity for phosphate (Psaff), which is a composite of three functional traits: maximum cell-specific p ...
Soil phosphorus heterogeneity promotes tree species diversity and
... The niche theory predicts that environmental heterogeneity and species diversity are positively correlated in tropical forests, whereas the neutral theory suggests that stochastic processes are more important in determining species diversity. This study sought to investigate the effects of soil nutr ...
... The niche theory predicts that environmental heterogeneity and species diversity are positively correlated in tropical forests, whereas the neutral theory suggests that stochastic processes are more important in determining species diversity. This study sought to investigate the effects of soil nutr ...
Living primates are not “better”
... undergrowth and lowest forest tiers where proto-primates say insects and small prey o Mixed diet hypothesis is a third hypothesis and suggests: ...
... undergrowth and lowest forest tiers where proto-primates say insects and small prey o Mixed diet hypothesis is a third hypothesis and suggests: ...
Cadotte2007 Ecology
... minimum or maximum values in the independent variable (Mitchell-Olds and Shaw 1987, Fukami and Morin 2003). In order to determine how individual species respond to increasing disturbance frequency, individual species occupancies were examined using log-linear models. Species with increasing occupanc ...
... minimum or maximum values in the independent variable (Mitchell-Olds and Shaw 1987, Fukami and Morin 2003). In order to determine how individual species respond to increasing disturbance frequency, individual species occupancies were examined using log-linear models. Species with increasing occupanc ...
MANGROVES
... nursery grounds for a variety of commercially important prawns, crabs and fin-fishes, as they provide abundant food and shelter for these organisms. • These ecosystems provide food, roosting and nesting site ...
... nursery grounds for a variety of commercially important prawns, crabs and fin-fishes, as they provide abundant food and shelter for these organisms. • These ecosystems provide food, roosting and nesting site ...
a critique of the
... Ecologically equivalent species cannot coexist (Chesson and Huntly 1997), and species should randomly go extinct as their relative abundances vary stochastically until only one species remains (Hubbell 2001). Neutral dynamics cannot act to maintain species in a system, but rather only slow the loss ...
... Ecologically equivalent species cannot coexist (Chesson and Huntly 1997), and species should randomly go extinct as their relative abundances vary stochastically until only one species remains (Hubbell 2001). Neutral dynamics cannot act to maintain species in a system, but rather only slow the loss ...
(Araneae, Gnaphosidae) along the altitudinal gradient of
... (see historical review in Lomolino, 2001). These were later interpreted as the species-energy theory by Wright (1983). Recent researchers connected mountain ecology with the species–area relationship of island biogeography (MacArthur, 1972), because of the similar conditions prevailing for both type ...
... (see historical review in Lomolino, 2001). These were later interpreted as the species-energy theory by Wright (1983). Recent researchers connected mountain ecology with the species–area relationship of island biogeography (MacArthur, 1972), because of the similar conditions prevailing for both type ...
Effects of wave exposure on
... ABSTRACT Effects of wave-exposure on a fore-reef community were investigated by quantitative biomass sampling and field manipulations at Galeta Point, Caribbean Panama. Three predictions of Connell's (1978) intermediate-disturbance hypothesis are examined: (1) community diversity should be low in hi ...
... ABSTRACT Effects of wave-exposure on a fore-reef community were investigated by quantitative biomass sampling and field manipulations at Galeta Point, Caribbean Panama. Three predictions of Connell's (1978) intermediate-disturbance hypothesis are examined: (1) community diversity should be low in hi ...
Fauna of Africa
Fauna of Africa, in its broader sense, is all the animals living in Africa and its surrounding seas and islands. The more characteristic African fauna is found in the Afrotropical ecoregion. Lying almost entirely within the tropics, and equally to north and south of the equator creates favourable conditions for rich wildlife.