Curriculum Vitæ - Universidade de Coimbra
... • Simões, A. and Costa, E. , ’Variable-size Memory Evolutionary Algorithm to Deal with Dynamic Environments’, in Proc. of the Applications of Evolutionary Computing, pp. 617-626, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 4448, EvoWorkshops 2007, Valencia, Spain, April 2007. • Menezes, T. and Costa, ...
... • Simões, A. and Costa, E. , ’Variable-size Memory Evolutionary Algorithm to Deal with Dynamic Environments’, in Proc. of the Applications of Evolutionary Computing, pp. 617-626, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 4448, EvoWorkshops 2007, Valencia, Spain, April 2007. • Menezes, T. and Costa, ...
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... can be formed by hybridization, even when the hybridizing populations have diverged through a process of single, sequential substitutions, each of which was unopposed by natural selection (Orr 1995, 1996; Gavrilets 1997; Johnson 2002). Dobzhansky (1937) proposed a two-locus model to demonstrate this ...
... can be formed by hybridization, even when the hybridizing populations have diverged through a process of single, sequential substitutions, each of which was unopposed by natural selection (Orr 1995, 1996; Gavrilets 1997; Johnson 2002). Dobzhansky (1937) proposed a two-locus model to demonstrate this ...
Predicting Microevolutionary Responses to Directional Selection on
... It would appear to be a straightforward matter to measure both responses are well predicted. This allows us to conclude a group of individuals before and again after selection, and that, to a first approximation, targets of selection have been then measure the offspring of the selected sample at the ...
... It would appear to be a straightforward matter to measure both responses are well predicted. This allows us to conclude a group of individuals before and again after selection, and that, to a first approximation, targets of selection have been then measure the offspring of the selected sample at the ...
Evolution, Science, and Society: Evolutionary Biology
... over the course of generations. Groups of organisms, termed populations and species, are formed by the division of ancestral populations or species, and the descendant groups then change independently. Hence, from a long-term perspective, evolution is the descent, with modification, of different lin ...
... over the course of generations. Groups of organisms, termed populations and species, are formed by the division of ancestral populations or species, and the descendant groups then change independently. Hence, from a long-term perspective, evolution is the descent, with modification, of different lin ...
Unifying Within- and Between-Generation Bet
... This fitness metric highlights that within-generation correlations act as a dial along the within- and betweengeneration variation continuum. In the absence of withingeneration correlations, the evolutionary importance of variation in offspring number is inversely proportional to the population size, ...
... This fitness metric highlights that within-generation correlations act as a dial along the within- and betweengeneration variation continuum. In the absence of withingeneration correlations, the evolutionary importance of variation in offspring number is inversely proportional to the population size, ...
The Trials of Life: Natural Selection and Random Drift*
... our ignorance of the forces involved. Once we know about the forces causing the error, these can either be factored into the expected outcome, or eliminated from the experimental set-up. Error in the coin case is different; it is a built-in feature of the laws of probability. The expected outcome an ...
... our ignorance of the forces involved. Once we know about the forces causing the error, these can either be factored into the expected outcome, or eliminated from the experimental set-up. Error in the coin case is different; it is a built-in feature of the laws of probability. The expected outcome an ...
Sexual reproduction, in one form
... words, linkage disequilibrium (D) should be negative, with certain allele combinations being present in the population at a lower frequency than expected by chance. Negative linkage disequilibrium can result from directional selection following the effects of drift. Another possible source of negati ...
... words, linkage disequilibrium (D) should be negative, with certain allele combinations being present in the population at a lower frequency than expected by chance. Negative linkage disequilibrium can result from directional selection following the effects of drift. Another possible source of negati ...
Review Evolution of Sex: Why Do Organisms Shuffle
... Genetic associations and the effects of genetic mixing. Effects of segregation: Here we examine the effects of segregation by considering a single di-allelic locus in a diploid organism. Let us examine how sex affects three different populations. Prior to reproduction, all three populations have the ...
... Genetic associations and the effects of genetic mixing. Effects of segregation: Here we examine the effects of segregation by considering a single di-allelic locus in a diploid organism. Let us examine how sex affects three different populations. Prior to reproduction, all three populations have the ...
Interpreting evolutionary diagrams: When topology and process
... represent patterns of evolutionary relationships among taxa that provide a framework to help people think about processes that might account for these patterns (e.g., Clark, 2001; Gould, 1995). It is critical to investigate how students understand the information depicted in phylogenies as a prelude ...
... represent patterns of evolutionary relationships among taxa that provide a framework to help people think about processes that might account for these patterns (e.g., Clark, 2001; Gould, 1995). It is critical to investigate how students understand the information depicted in phylogenies as a prelude ...
Please address all correspondence to senior author
... Sewall Wright Effect : Large populations are often subdivided into smaller subpopulations. As a consequence, the changes in trait frequencies within a population, when summed over the population as a whole are more likely to diverge from the predicted outcome than if the population is not subdivided ...
... Sewall Wright Effect : Large populations are often subdivided into smaller subpopulations. As a consequence, the changes in trait frequencies within a population, when summed over the population as a whole are more likely to diverge from the predicted outcome than if the population is not subdivided ...
Genetic erosion impedes adaptive responses to stressful
... level of adaptive genetic variation, thereby limiting evolutionary responses; (ii) inbreeding and the concomitant inbreeding depression will reduce individual fitness and, consequently, the tolerance of populations to environmental stress. Importantly, inbreeding generally increases the sensitivity ...
... level of adaptive genetic variation, thereby limiting evolutionary responses; (ii) inbreeding and the concomitant inbreeding depression will reduce individual fitness and, consequently, the tolerance of populations to environmental stress. Importantly, inbreeding generally increases the sensitivity ...
The evolutionary significance of phenotypic
... of a prey-induced polyphenism, and one in which the mechanism of the developmental switch is known in detail, describes gut bacteria (Escherichia coli) and their prey--water-soluble molecules. These bacteria can replace their membrane proteins that admit small molecules to the cell. The replacement ...
... of a prey-induced polyphenism, and one in which the mechanism of the developmental switch is known in detail, describes gut bacteria (Escherichia coli) and their prey--water-soluble molecules. These bacteria can replace their membrane proteins that admit small molecules to the cell. The replacement ...
Evolutionary Mechanisims and Hardy
... 2. No genetic drift or random allele frequency changes affecting the gene in question. 3. No gene flow. 4. No mutation. 5. Random mating. ►Be able to explain the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the reason for each condition. Evolution is a process resulting in changes in the genetic makeup of populat ...
... 2. No genetic drift or random allele frequency changes affecting the gene in question. 3. No gene flow. 4. No mutation. 5. Random mating. ►Be able to explain the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the reason for each condition. Evolution is a process resulting in changes in the genetic makeup of populat ...
Evolution and Natural Selection Chapter Notes Article
... One benefit to conducting research on fruit flies is that they have very short lives—they reach maturity at about two weeks of age and live for one month, on average. An experiment such as this one can be continued for many generations. After 60 generations of allowing the flies that are “best” at s ...
... One benefit to conducting research on fruit flies is that they have very short lives—they reach maturity at about two weeks of age and live for one month, on average. An experiment such as this one can be continued for many generations. After 60 generations of allowing the flies that are “best” at s ...
Evolution and Natural Selection Chapter Notes Article
... One benefit to conducting research on fruit flies is that they have very short lives—they reach maturity at about two weeks of age and live for one month, on average. An experiment such as this one can be continued for many generations. After 60 generations of allowing the flies that are “best” at s ...
... One benefit to conducting research on fruit flies is that they have very short lives—they reach maturity at about two weeks of age and live for one month, on average. An experiment such as this one can be continued for many generations. After 60 generations of allowing the flies that are “best” at s ...
The Evolutionary Biology of Decision Making
... offsetting the benefits of higher food intake. Natural selection optimizes total net fitness across all domains of an organism's survival and reproduction, thereby constraining optimization in any single domain. Second, natural selection does not act as a designer, creating traits de novo. Rather, i ...
... offsetting the benefits of higher food intake. Natural selection optimizes total net fitness across all domains of an organism's survival and reproduction, thereby constraining optimization in any single domain. Second, natural selection does not act as a designer, creating traits de novo. Rather, i ...
Sexspecific selection on energy metabolism selection coefficients for
... on the subject have focused on the indirect measures of an individual’s performance, like aggressiveness or disappearance from an open population [for invertebrates: (Watson & Lighton, 1994); fish: (Cutts et al., 2001); mammals: (Hayes & O’Connor, 1999; Jackson et al., 2001)]. Very few studies have ...
... on the subject have focused on the indirect measures of an individual’s performance, like aggressiveness or disappearance from an open population [for invertebrates: (Watson & Lighton, 1994); fish: (Cutts et al., 2001); mammals: (Hayes & O’Connor, 1999; Jackson et al., 2001)]. Very few studies have ...
author`s proof!
... Premise 2 asserts that for cognitive organisms, it is more conducive to inclusive fitness to possess reliable cognitive faculties than to possess unreliable cognitive faculties. But 2 is true only if reliable cognitive faculties are more likely to increase an organism’s inclusive fitness than are un ...
... Premise 2 asserts that for cognitive organisms, it is more conducive to inclusive fitness to possess reliable cognitive faculties than to possess unreliable cognitive faculties. But 2 is true only if reliable cognitive faculties are more likely to increase an organism’s inclusive fitness than are un ...
Population Variation in Continuously Varying Traits as an Ecological
... loci. In both models alleles are assumed to act additively across and within loci, and there are no gene-environment correlations or interactions. An important feature of Lande's and the phenotypic models is that modifications of the variance can be considered independently of selection on the mean ...
... loci. In both models alleles are assumed to act additively across and within loci, and there are no gene-environment correlations or interactions. An important feature of Lande's and the phenotypic models is that modifications of the variance can be considered independently of selection on the mean ...
Explaining stasis: microevolutionary studies in natural populations
... is needed from other longitudinal studies to confirm whether this is generally the case, but the study nevertheless illustrates an important point: a populationlevel response consistent with microevolution need not reflect microevolutionary change, so that any claimed cases of change in observationa ...
... is needed from other longitudinal studies to confirm whether this is generally the case, but the study nevertheless illustrates an important point: a populationlevel response consistent with microevolution need not reflect microevolutionary change, so that any claimed cases of change in observationa ...
- Wiley Online Library
... we review general patterns in studies that have examined evolutionary and plastic responses to climate change, followed by case studies highlighting several key methods. Finally, we discuss factors influencing the type and rate of climate change response, and future directions in research. Local ada ...
... we review general patterns in studies that have examined evolutionary and plastic responses to climate change, followed by case studies highlighting several key methods. Finally, we discuss factors influencing the type and rate of climate change response, and future directions in research. Local ada ...
Drift and “Statistically Abstractive Explanation”
... variant outcomes. Now, Sober is clearly not saying just that genotype frequencies depart from expected values in small populations. He is positing a cause of this discrepancy. He makes this explicit in earlier work (Sober 1980, 370) where he contrasts two different causal analyses of variation withi ...
... variant outcomes. Now, Sober is clearly not saying just that genotype frequencies depart from expected values in small populations. He is positing a cause of this discrepancy. He makes this explicit in earlier work (Sober 1980, 370) where he contrasts two different causal analyses of variation withi ...
Stabilizing multicellularity through ratcheting
... the strength of ratcheting depends on the remaining fitness gap between G and I cells in EI, it depends on factors that influence this—such as the distribution of fitness effects for beneficial mutations and the initial fitness difference between types. If there is a larger initial gap in fitnesses ...
... the strength of ratcheting depends on the remaining fitness gap between G and I cells in EI, it depends on factors that influence this—such as the distribution of fitness effects for beneficial mutations and the initial fitness difference between types. If there is a larger initial gap in fitnesses ...
Stabilizing multicellularity through ratcheting
... the strength of ratcheting depends on the remaining fitness gap between G and I cells in EI, it depends on factors that influence this—such as the distribution of fitness effects for beneficial mutations and the initial fitness difference between types. If there is a larger initial gap in fitnesses ...
... the strength of ratcheting depends on the remaining fitness gap between G and I cells in EI, it depends on factors that influence this—such as the distribution of fitness effects for beneficial mutations and the initial fitness difference between types. If there is a larger initial gap in fitnesses ...