The Strength of Phenotypic Selection in Natural
... physiological traits. Most published selection studies were unreplicated and had sample sizes below 135 individuals, resulting in low statistical power to detect selection of the magnitude typically reported for natural populations. The absolute values of linear selection gradients FbF were exponent ...
... physiological traits. Most published selection studies were unreplicated and had sample sizes below 135 individuals, resulting in low statistical power to detect selection of the magnitude typically reported for natural populations. The absolute values of linear selection gradients FbF were exponent ...
Truth and Reconciliation for Group Selection
... always ready to aid one another, and to sacrifice themselves for the common good, would be victorious over most other tribes; and this would be natural selection. At all times throughout the world tribes have supplanted other tribes; and as morality is one important element in their success, the sta ...
... always ready to aid one another, and to sacrifice themselves for the common good, would be victorious over most other tribes; and this would be natural selection. At all times throughout the world tribes have supplanted other tribes; and as morality is one important element in their success, the sta ...
Descended from Darwin
... been a rebirth of Darwinism.” However, the Darwinism of Julian Huxley’s day was not that of his grandfather’s: “The Darwinism thus reborn is a modified Darwinism, since it must operate with facts unknown to Darwin; but it is still Darwinism in the sense that it aims at giving a naturalistic interpre ...
... been a rebirth of Darwinism.” However, the Darwinism of Julian Huxley’s day was not that of his grandfather’s: “The Darwinism thus reborn is a modified Darwinism, since it must operate with facts unknown to Darwin; but it is still Darwinism in the sense that it aims at giving a naturalistic interpre ...
Genetic correlations between adults and larvae in a marine fish
... changes in mortality rates during the early postsettlement phase can have strong effects on population size (Myers and Cadigan 1993; Sogard 1997; Caley et al. 1996). If traits that affect larval and early juvenile survival are genetically correlated with adult traits that are under fishery selection ...
... changes in mortality rates during the early postsettlement phase can have strong effects on population size (Myers and Cadigan 1993; Sogard 1997; Caley et al. 1996). If traits that affect larval and early juvenile survival are genetically correlated with adult traits that are under fishery selection ...
Maternal effects and evolution at ecological time
... 1. Genetic and environmental maternal effects can play an important role in the evolutionary dynamics of a population: they may have a substantial impact on the rate and direction of genetic change in response to selection, and they may generate immediate phenotypic change via phenotypic plasticity. ...
... 1. Genetic and environmental maternal effects can play an important role in the evolutionary dynamics of a population: they may have a substantial impact on the rate and direction of genetic change in response to selection, and they may generate immediate phenotypic change via phenotypic plasticity. ...
How to read “heritability” in the recipe approach to - Philsci
... As we have seen in the Introduction, recipes for ENS include heredity between parents and offspring as a necessary condition. But what does it mean to have heredity between parents and offspring? In its most general sense, it simply means that there is the transmission of traits between parent and o ...
... As we have seen in the Introduction, recipes for ENS include heredity between parents and offspring as a necessary condition. But what does it mean to have heredity between parents and offspring? In its most general sense, it simply means that there is the transmission of traits between parent and o ...
Bounds to Parapatric Speciation: A Dobzhansky-Muller
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Feb. 3, 2017; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/104489. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Feb. 3, 2017; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/104489. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library
... phenotypic selection gradients on the degree of inbreeding that female and male song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) expressed by forming socially persistent breeding pairs with relatives. Fitness was measured as the total numbers of offspring and grand offspring contributed to the population, and as c ...
... phenotypic selection gradients on the degree of inbreeding that female and male song sparrows (Melospiza melodia) expressed by forming socially persistent breeding pairs with relatives. Fitness was measured as the total numbers of offspring and grand offspring contributed to the population, and as c ...
Of Mice and Metaphysics: Natural Selection and
... Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . ...
... Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . ...
The Natures of Selection
... Are drift and selection forces? It is best not to phrase the question as bluntly as this. Instead, one should simply ask in what respects drift and selection resemble Newtonian forces, and in what ways they differ, paying attention all the time to the dangers of a seductive metaphor. Christopher Ste ...
... Are drift and selection forces? It is best not to phrase the question as bluntly as this. Instead, one should simply ask in what respects drift and selection resemble Newtonian forces, and in what ways they differ, paying attention all the time to the dangers of a seductive metaphor. Christopher Ste ...
1 Of Mice and Metaphysics: Natural Selection and Realized
... Ariew 2002, 81). Stochastic properties belong to statistical populations and are not causally efficacious. For example, it is perfectly mathematically or formally legitimate to calculate stochastic/metrical properties of the statistical population of all the moths alive in 1945 or 1951 in Australia ...
... Ariew 2002, 81). Stochastic properties belong to statistical populations and are not causally efficacious. For example, it is perfectly mathematically or formally legitimate to calculate stochastic/metrical properties of the statistical population of all the moths alive in 1945 or 1951 in Australia ...
natural selection in populations subject to a migration load
... on the same plant for their entire life, and the average per generation movement distance is <12 m (Sandoval 2000). This average includes individuals that did not move from their original plant, and may miss rare long-distance dispersal events. There is one generation per year, and insects mature at ...
... on the same plant for their entire life, and the average per generation movement distance is <12 m (Sandoval 2000). This average includes individuals that did not move from their original plant, and may miss rare long-distance dispersal events. There is one generation per year, and insects mature at ...
The Nature and Units of Social Selection
... This implies that we only consider the case where members of the anterior set are eliminated through extinction. New entities can appear in the posterior set, but only in consequence of a replication process. Particular entities do not reappear after they have gone extinct. Through selection, a set ...
... This implies that we only consider the case where members of the anterior set are eliminated through extinction. New entities can appear in the posterior set, but only in consequence of a replication process. Particular entities do not reappear after they have gone extinct. Through selection, a set ...
variations in variation and selection: the ubiquity
... still engage in thermal motion. Again, however, the energy-well acts as a constraint on those motions, holding the crystal together. If an atom or molecule receives enough energy in the course of the random jostling within the crystal, it may succeed in leaving the crystal. In crystal formation, in ...
... still engage in thermal motion. Again, however, the energy-well acts as a constraint on those motions, holding the crystal together. If an atom or molecule receives enough energy in the course of the random jostling within the crystal, it may succeed in leaving the crystal. In crystal formation, in ...
Unifying Biology: The Evolutionary Synthesis and
... global events and global disturbances. The culmination of the modern period, these years witnessed the rise of not only international artistic and political movements, but also related philosophical movements such as logical positivism.6 Members of the Vienna Circle, the logical positivists were at ...
... global events and global disturbances. The culmination of the modern period, these years witnessed the rise of not only international artistic and political movements, but also related philosophical movements such as logical positivism.6 Members of the Vienna Circle, the logical positivists were at ...
Philosophy of Science Matters - The Shifting Balance of Factors
... no laws of nature that apply. This is the case in the example above: there are no laws of nature that apply to the origin of species, but the tutee may still want to ask, “How are new species formed?”—a question that the pragmatist is willing to accept as explanation-seeking. This explanation will a ...
... no laws of nature that apply. This is the case in the example above: there are no laws of nature that apply to the origin of species, but the tutee may still want to ask, “How are new species formed?”—a question that the pragmatist is willing to accept as explanation-seeking. This explanation will a ...
Introduction. Extent, processes and evolutionary impact - BiK-F
... and taxonomic practice, or if a literature survey underestimates the rate since non-hybridizing taxa might on average be more frequently studied than hybridizing taxa. Future studies that focus on other kingdoms, such as plants and fungi, might allow us to better understand the potential impact of i ...
... and taxonomic practice, or if a literature survey underestimates the rate since non-hybridizing taxa might on average be more frequently studied than hybridizing taxa. Future studies that focus on other kingdoms, such as plants and fungi, might allow us to better understand the potential impact of i ...
toward an evolutionary definition of cheating
... biological systems (Table 1). It is not always clear what exactly a cheat is, whether a cheat is always a cheat, how selection favors individuals that cheat, or how we would expect others to respond to cheating. If different researchers use the term cheat in different ways, then this will impede att ...
... biological systems (Table 1). It is not always clear what exactly a cheat is, whether a cheat is always a cheat, how selection favors individuals that cheat, or how we would expect others to respond to cheating. If different researchers use the term cheat in different ways, then this will impede att ...
Speciation by Natural and Sexual Selection: Models and Experiments.
... been emphasized, but one could instead organize the discussion around the effects of behavioral mechanisms, say, or the number of loci that affect the traits. What would be most useful is a framework that breaks mechanisms of speciation into a small number of fundamental elements. This way, we can c ...
... been emphasized, but one could instead organize the discussion around the effects of behavioral mechanisms, say, or the number of loci that affect the traits. What would be most useful is a framework that breaks mechanisms of speciation into a small number of fundamental elements. This way, we can c ...
Name Period - TJ
... Suppose, for example, a tree limb fell on a young lion and broke his leg, and the leg never healed normally. Obviously, this would affect the lion's ability to survive and reproduce. However, if this lion did manage to have cubs, the offspring would each have four normal legs. Explain why natural se ...
... Suppose, for example, a tree limb fell on a young lion and broke his leg, and the leg never healed normally. Obviously, this would affect the lion's ability to survive and reproduce. However, if this lion did manage to have cubs, the offspring would each have four normal legs. Explain why natural se ...
Nabokov, Teleology, and Insect Mimicry
... Although Vladimir Nabokov may be better known for his outstanding literary achievements, he also had gift for science. While acting as curator at Harvard's Museum of Comparative Zoology in the 1940s, he became an expert on a group of butterflies popularly known as "Blues." He named one species and s ...
... Although Vladimir Nabokov may be better known for his outstanding literary achievements, he also had gift for science. While acting as curator at Harvard's Museum of Comparative Zoology in the 1940s, he became an expert on a group of butterflies popularly known as "Blues." He named one species and s ...
Artificial selection on flowering time: influence on reproductive
... times. Such plastic changes may reduce or magnify the genetic changes that represent correlated responses to selection. Despite the potential for artificial selection to illuminate the broad consequences of selection on specific traits, its use in natural contexts has been limited. Here, we use the he ...
... times. Such plastic changes may reduce or magnify the genetic changes that represent correlated responses to selection. Despite the potential for artificial selection to illuminate the broad consequences of selection on specific traits, its use in natural contexts has been limited. Here, we use the he ...
Evolutionary Response to Selection on Clutch Size in a Long‐Term
... factor is correlated with both clutch size and fitness (Cooke et al. 1990). In particular, evolution of clutch size is suggested to be constrained by correlations with traits that are mainly environmentally determined, such as the female’s nutritional state or her ability to acquire nutrients (Price ...
... factor is correlated with both clutch size and fitness (Cooke et al. 1990). In particular, evolution of clutch size is suggested to be constrained by correlations with traits that are mainly environmentally determined, such as the female’s nutritional state or her ability to acquire nutrients (Price ...
Phenotypic plasticity and experimental evolution
... Fig.·2. Hypothetical example of the effects of positive directional selection favoring individuals with higher values for a particular trait on the mean value of that trait (A) and on the plasticity of that trait or of a subordinate trait (B). (A) The standard expectation for the effects of positive ...
... Fig.·2. Hypothetical example of the effects of positive directional selection favoring individuals with higher values for a particular trait on the mean value of that trait (A) and on the plasticity of that trait or of a subordinate trait (B). (A) The standard expectation for the effects of positive ...
Long live the Red Queen? Examining environmental influences on
... seems nonsensical, and this especially holds true if it results in the production of offspring with reduced fitness (known as the ‘recombination load’) (Charlesworth & Barton, 1996). Perhaps the most pressing problem faced by sexual organisms is what is commonly referred to as the ‘two-fold cost of ...
... seems nonsensical, and this especially holds true if it results in the production of offspring with reduced fitness (known as the ‘recombination load’) (Charlesworth & Barton, 1996). Perhaps the most pressing problem faced by sexual organisms is what is commonly referred to as the ‘two-fold cost of ...