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... speciation. The only exceptions would be cases of completely allopatric or instantaneous speciation. Hybridization may cause interactions involving a wide range of types and levels of genetic divergence between the parental forms. This divergence may have accumulated in different ways including neut ...
... speciation. The only exceptions would be cases of completely allopatric or instantaneous speciation. Hybridization may cause interactions involving a wide range of types and levels of genetic divergence between the parental forms. This divergence may have accumulated in different ways including neut ...
Niches in evolutionary theories of technical change
... Social scientists and historians typically have to explain (and almost apologize) why they want to use a biological analogy. Following Ziman (2000) and Hodgson (2002), our starting point is that advancing an evolutionary theory is not so much an analogy with biology, as an application of a more gene ...
... Social scientists and historians typically have to explain (and almost apologize) why they want to use a biological analogy. Following Ziman (2000) and Hodgson (2002), our starting point is that advancing an evolutionary theory is not so much an analogy with biology, as an application of a more gene ...
Canalization, Genetic Assimilation and Preadaptation: A
... disadaptive under most circumstances and, even if there were a condition in which any of these would be adaptive, we should expect it to be quite different from the condition that is specifically required to induce the given variation directly. Thus, if certain extreme situations become recurrent or ...
... disadaptive under most circumstances and, even if there were a condition in which any of these would be adaptive, we should expect it to be quite different from the condition that is specifically required to induce the given variation directly. Thus, if certain extreme situations become recurrent or ...
Hybridization and speciation
... speciation. The only exceptions would be cases of completely allopatric or instantaneous speciation. Hybridization may cause interactions involving a wide range of types and levels of genetic divergence between the parental forms. This divergence may have accumulated in different ways including neut ...
... speciation. The only exceptions would be cases of completely allopatric or instantaneous speciation. Hybridization may cause interactions involving a wide range of types and levels of genetic divergence between the parental forms. This divergence may have accumulated in different ways including neut ...
Sewall Wright, shifting balance theory, and the
... Even if we grant that Wright changed his view about the nonadaptive taxonomic differences, Gould’s and Provine’s hardening interpretation of the development of Wright’s evolutionary theory is misleading in two ways. First, Wright’s theory did not fit nicely with what Gould describes as pluralism in t ...
... Even if we grant that Wright changed his view about the nonadaptive taxonomic differences, Gould’s and Provine’s hardening interpretation of the development of Wright’s evolutionary theory is misleading in two ways. First, Wright’s theory did not fit nicely with what Gould describes as pluralism in t ...
Genetic diversity, virulence and fitness evolution in an obligate
... is considered a fundamental driver of evolution (Haldane, 1949; Kochin et al., 2010). In nature, most parasite infections consist of multiple strains or species, which will ultimately exert different selection pressures on the host than would single infections (Schmid-Hempel, 1998; Alizon et al., 20 ...
... is considered a fundamental driver of evolution (Haldane, 1949; Kochin et al., 2010). In nature, most parasite infections consist of multiple strains or species, which will ultimately exert different selection pressures on the host than would single infections (Schmid-Hempel, 1998; Alizon et al., 20 ...
evolutionary theory and biodiversity
... • Can you explain how the style or product is the same? (It still has the same function.) • Can you explain how it changed over time? (Answers will vary, depending on the example used.) • What might have caused the observed changes? (Answers will vary, depending on the example used. Answers may incl ...
... • Can you explain how the style or product is the same? (It still has the same function.) • Can you explain how it changed over time? (Answers will vary, depending on the example used.) • What might have caused the observed changes? (Answers will vary, depending on the example used. Answers may incl ...
Adaptive divergence in resistance to herbivores in Datura
... of among-population variation in the wild (Lynch, 1990; Althoff & Thompson, 1999; Criscione, Blouin & Sunnucks, 2006; Kelly, 2006; Gomulkiewicz et al., 2007). Here we aimed to determine if among-population variation in traits that confer resistance to herbivores in the annual plant Datura stramonium ...
... of among-population variation in the wild (Lynch, 1990; Althoff & Thompson, 1999; Criscione, Blouin & Sunnucks, 2006; Kelly, 2006; Gomulkiewicz et al., 2007). Here we aimed to determine if among-population variation in traits that confer resistance to herbivores in the annual plant Datura stramonium ...
Pollen limitation and its influence on natural selection through seed set
... quantify pollinator-mediated selection (Dspoll, Dbpoll, Dcpoll). We assessed whether pollinators exerted selection on the six plant traits by examining the confidence intervals of the difference in selection coefficients (subscript ‘poll’) between the natural and hand-pollination treatments. We also ...
... quantify pollinator-mediated selection (Dspoll, Dbpoll, Dcpoll). We assessed whether pollinators exerted selection on the six plant traits by examining the confidence intervals of the difference in selection coefficients (subscript ‘poll’) between the natural and hand-pollination treatments. We also ...
genetics and the fitness of hybrids
... alleles with those in any other lineage. Hybridization then produces a vast array of recombinant genotypes that have never before been subjected to selection. On average, these genotypes will be less well adapted than their parents, giving rise to some level of selection against hybrids. Hybrid brea ...
... alleles with those in any other lineage. Hybridization then produces a vast array of recombinant genotypes that have never before been subjected to selection. On average, these genotypes will be less well adapted than their parents, giving rise to some level of selection against hybrids. Hybrid brea ...
Marty Ferris
... character mean is the average expression of a given trait in an environment, how could these two measures not be related, since they are both determined by measuring traits in relation to environment? (Maybe my understanding of the terms is still a bit fuzzy?) 3. What does Pigliucci mean by "coheren ...
... character mean is the average expression of a given trait in an environment, how could these two measures not be related, since they are both determined by measuring traits in relation to environment? (Maybe my understanding of the terms is still a bit fuzzy?) 3. What does Pigliucci mean by "coheren ...
use of an explicit method for distinguishing exaptations from
... and that it has led to some serious errors". He further says that "a benefit can be the result of chance instead of design". Williams (1966) defended the viewpoint that researchers should make an inference of adaptation and function only after demonstrating that all alternative hypotheses of adaptat ...
... and that it has led to some serious errors". He further says that "a benefit can be the result of chance instead of design". Williams (1966) defended the viewpoint that researchers should make an inference of adaptation and function only after demonstrating that all alternative hypotheses of adaptat ...
Predator-Prey
... three-way interaction of predator fitness, predator phenotype, and prey phenotype, but the resulting mathematical treatment is not trivial. Consequently, we restrict ourselves here to the simple two-dimensional case, which nevertheless provides a useful heuristic that makes it possible to pinpoint t ...
... three-way interaction of predator fitness, predator phenotype, and prey phenotype, but the resulting mathematical treatment is not trivial. Consequently, we restrict ourselves here to the simple two-dimensional case, which nevertheless provides a useful heuristic that makes it possible to pinpoint t ...
Toward open-ended evolutionary robotics - laral
... several experiments within ER have directly or indirectly addressed this issue. More specifically, several models described in the literature provided important insights into how the above three factors, that might promote open-ended evolution could be realized into an ER setting and on how they cou ...
... several experiments within ER have directly or indirectly addressed this issue. More specifically, several models described in the literature provided important insights into how the above three factors, that might promote open-ended evolution could be realized into an ER setting and on how they cou ...
Theory and speciation
... sympatric than allopatric speciation, these first two lines of evidence are compromised by an ascertainment bias. However, recent comparative analyses5 (Barraclough and Nee16, this issue) show that, in several taxa, the most recently evolved species generally have allopatric ranges, supporting Mayr’ ...
... sympatric than allopatric speciation, these first two lines of evidence are compromised by an ascertainment bias. However, recent comparative analyses5 (Barraclough and Nee16, this issue) show that, in several taxa, the most recently evolved species generally have allopatric ranges, supporting Mayr’ ...
Theory and speciation
... sympatric than allopatric speciation, these first two lines of evidence are compromised by an ascertainment bias. However, recent comparative analyses5 (Barraclough and Nee16, this issue) show that, in several taxa, the most recently evolved species generally have allopatric ranges, supporting Mayr’ ...
... sympatric than allopatric speciation, these first two lines of evidence are compromised by an ascertainment bias. However, recent comparative analyses5 (Barraclough and Nee16, this issue) show that, in several taxa, the most recently evolved species generally have allopatric ranges, supporting Mayr’ ...
Losos_Seeing - Harvard University
... light of phylogeny” (MacLeod, 2001, p.237; see also, e.g., Grandcolas et al., 1997; Johnson, 2003; Society of Systematic Biology website, 2010). Whereas a phylogenetic perspective on evolution was nearly entirely absent prior to the 1980’s, it is now ubiquitous. Phylogenetic analyses are now an inte ...
... light of phylogeny” (MacLeod, 2001, p.237; see also, e.g., Grandcolas et al., 1997; Johnson, 2003; Society of Systematic Biology website, 2010). Whereas a phylogenetic perspective on evolution was nearly entirely absent prior to the 1980’s, it is now ubiquitous. Phylogenetic analyses are now an inte ...
Four Pillars of Statisticalism
... a population’s change in trait distribution, we need to know something else. We need to be able to divide the population into abstract trait classes (or ‘trait types’). We do this, for each heritable trait, by collecting together all those individuals that share that trait. The population of trait c ...
... a population’s change in trait distribution, we need to know something else. We need to be able to divide the population into abstract trait classes (or ‘trait types’). We do this, for each heritable trait, by collecting together all those individuals that share that trait. The population of trait c ...
Mallet (2012) "The struggle..."
... and then led to a major rift between evolutionary genetics and population ecology. My attempt to explain this impasse is predicated on the Darwinian idea that natural selection is isomorphic with ecological competition. Therefore, demography, natural selection, and speciation should be formulated us ...
... and then led to a major rift between evolutionary genetics and population ecology. My attempt to explain this impasse is predicated on the Darwinian idea that natural selection is isomorphic with ecological competition. Therefore, demography, natural selection, and speciation should be formulated us ...
Evolution, genes, and inter-disciplinary personality research
... rather new area for most psychologists and behaviour geneticists, who have only just begun to recognise its potential. We would hate to derail such a development through premature conclusions. It is also true that most theoretical models still provide at best ordinal predictions about trait characte ...
... rather new area for most psychologists and behaviour geneticists, who have only just begun to recognise its potential. We would hate to derail such a development through premature conclusions. It is also true that most theoretical models still provide at best ordinal predictions about trait characte ...
Fast identification and statistical evaluation
... • Genetic incompatibilities may be accelerated by a shift in mating system • Not something that can be studied in Drosophila, the predominant model for the genetics of speciation ...
... • Genetic incompatibilities may be accelerated by a shift in mating system • Not something that can be studied in Drosophila, the predominant model for the genetics of speciation ...
Gene functional trade-offs and the evolution of pleiotropy
... functions in different cell compartments, or (iv) two different biochemical properties of the same gene product (e.g., eye crystallins that are also metabolic enzymes: Piatigorsky and Wistow, 1989). Although these cases differ in the precise mechanism of their action, we treat them equivalently by c ...
... functions in different cell compartments, or (iv) two different biochemical properties of the same gene product (e.g., eye crystallins that are also metabolic enzymes: Piatigorsky and Wistow, 1989). Although these cases differ in the precise mechanism of their action, we treat them equivalently by c ...
Homology and hierarchies - Duke University | Center for Philosophy
... different levels of the biological hierarchy. Here a concept developed in arguments on levels of selection becomes useful: change at one level of the hierarchy - e.g., genes or gross phenotype - may be screened of from changes at other levels. Understanding the manner in which phenotypic features de ...
... different levels of the biological hierarchy. Here a concept developed in arguments on levels of selection becomes useful: change at one level of the hierarchy - e.g., genes or gross phenotype - may be screened of from changes at other levels. Understanding the manner in which phenotypic features de ...
Koinophilia - Current Science
... average face by averaging the faces of only the most beautiful individuals. If they then mildly exaggerated the very slight differences between the two average faces (the average of the general population, and the average of only the beautiful faces), they were able to create a face that seemed more ...
... average face by averaging the faces of only the most beautiful individuals. If they then mildly exaggerated the very slight differences between the two average faces (the average of the general population, and the average of only the beautiful faces), they were able to create a face that seemed more ...
The Contribution of Selection and Genetic Constraints to Phenotypic
... and variation in directional selection. Zeng (1988) explicitly assumed in this model that genetic constraints would not be important in determining the pattern of divergence in the longer term. In contrast, model 2 assumed that stabilizing selection was absent and that population divergence in multi ...
... and variation in directional selection. Zeng (1988) explicitly assumed in this model that genetic constraints would not be important in determining the pattern of divergence in the longer term. In contrast, model 2 assumed that stabilizing selection was absent and that population divergence in multi ...