Functional Organization of the Gustatory System in the Brains of
... This reproduction was made from a copy of a m anuscript sent to u s for publication and microfilming. While the m ost advanced technology has been used to pho tograph and reproduce this m anuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. Pag ...
... This reproduction was made from a copy of a m anuscript sent to u s for publication and microfilming. While the m ost advanced technology has been used to pho tograph and reproduce this m anuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. Pag ...
Theta phase shift in spike timing and modulation of gamma oscillation
... et al. 2008). Low-frequency gamma oscillations (30 – 45 Hz) in CA1 reflect inputs from CA3, while high-frequency gamma oscillations (60 –90 Hz) reflect inputs from entorhinal cortex (Bragin et al. 1995; Colgin et al. 2009). Gamma oscillations occur at different frequencies, depending on running spee ...
... et al. 2008). Low-frequency gamma oscillations (30 – 45 Hz) in CA1 reflect inputs from CA3, while high-frequency gamma oscillations (60 –90 Hz) reflect inputs from entorhinal cortex (Bragin et al. 1995; Colgin et al. 2009). Gamma oscillations occur at different frequencies, depending on running spee ...
Axonal degeneration as a therapeutic target in the CNS | SpringerLink
... inflammatory disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), and degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), also show pronounced axonal pathology. We have to bear in mind that, although some parts of the degenerative cascade might indeed be similar in different ...
... inflammatory disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), and degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), also show pronounced axonal pathology. We have to bear in mind that, although some parts of the degenerative cascade might indeed be similar in different ...
Same Spinal Interneurons Mediate Reflex Actions of Group Ib and
... neurons in the cat (Floeter et al. 1993; Gossard et al. 1996; Grillner and Lund 1968; Grillner et al. 1971; Takakusaki et al. 1989) show that these actions involve both excitatory and inhibitory premotor neurons and initiation of different forms of locomotion from different parts of the brain stem b ...
... neurons in the cat (Floeter et al. 1993; Gossard et al. 1996; Grillner and Lund 1968; Grillner et al. 1971; Takakusaki et al. 1989) show that these actions involve both excitatory and inhibitory premotor neurons and initiation of different forms of locomotion from different parts of the brain stem b ...
The Classical Complement Cascade Mediates
... (Figure 3B, circles), while large SV2-PSD95 synapses were not often closely associated with C1q. These findings suggest the possibility that C1q may be opsonizing immature synapses, or synapses that are being eliminated in the developing dLGN. Taken together, these experiments provide evidence that ...
... (Figure 3B, circles), while large SV2-PSD95 synapses were not often closely associated with C1q. These findings suggest the possibility that C1q may be opsonizing immature synapses, or synapses that are being eliminated in the developing dLGN. Taken together, these experiments provide evidence that ...
Emotional experiences of tension and suspense: psychological
... similar fMRI study investigating neural correlates of suspense evoked by a literary text found suspenseful text segments to be associated with activity in medial prefrontal, inferior frontal, as well as posterior temporal and temporo-parietal brain areas, suggesting an involvement of processes of th ...
... similar fMRI study investigating neural correlates of suspense evoked by a literary text found suspenseful text segments to be associated with activity in medial prefrontal, inferior frontal, as well as posterior temporal and temporo-parietal brain areas, suggesting an involvement of processes of th ...
Session 230 IOP Measurement and characterization I
... Results: The GAT tonometer measured IOP in cadaver eyes was 3.06+/-2.4 mmHg lower than intracameral transducer IOP in the upright postion and 5.09+/- 2.6 mmHg in the supine position (p<.05). The Goldmann IOP measurement varied with corneal hydration as measured by CCT (747+/-66 microns) by 4.2 mmHg ...
... Results: The GAT tonometer measured IOP in cadaver eyes was 3.06+/-2.4 mmHg lower than intracameral transducer IOP in the upright postion and 5.09+/- 2.6 mmHg in the supine position (p<.05). The Goldmann IOP measurement varied with corneal hydration as measured by CCT (747+/-66 microns) by 4.2 mmHg ...
Dolphin Biosonar Echolocation
... circuit bandwidths greater than 100,000 Hz. High stability oscillators (at least a few parts in 108), and complex counters are de rigueur, and an absolute range is required so its value can be communicated to some other human at a distance. Known mammalian biology does not support circuit bandwidths ...
... circuit bandwidths greater than 100,000 Hz. High stability oscillators (at least a few parts in 108), and complex counters are de rigueur, and an absolute range is required so its value can be communicated to some other human at a distance. Known mammalian biology does not support circuit bandwidths ...
Descending motor pathways and the spinal
... important, because the descending pathways project differently to the upper cervical ventral hom (see section 4 a 2). 1a 2. Phrenic nucleus. The phrenic nucleus occupies a special position among the somatic motoneuronal cell groups, because its motoneurons innervate the diaphragm. Although the diaph ...
... important, because the descending pathways project differently to the upper cervical ventral hom (see section 4 a 2). 1a 2. Phrenic nucleus. The phrenic nucleus occupies a special position among the somatic motoneuronal cell groups, because its motoneurons innervate the diaphragm. Although the diaph ...
Chemical Transmitters and Modulation of Sleep
... these different functions have remained uncertain. Furthermore, few studies have been done to clarify how the wake vs. sleep promoting neurons may be modulated to generate their differential activity and sleep-wake cycle. Using a paradigm of sleep deprivation and sleep recovery and examining c-Fos e ...
... these different functions have remained uncertain. Furthermore, few studies have been done to clarify how the wake vs. sleep promoting neurons may be modulated to generate their differential activity and sleep-wake cycle. Using a paradigm of sleep deprivation and sleep recovery and examining c-Fos e ...
Axon Physiology - Physiological Reviews
... and contact several hundreds of target neurons locally or distally. But, the function of the axon is not purely limited to the conduction of the action potential from the site of initiation near the cell body to the terminal. Recent experimental findings shed new light on the functional and computat ...
... and contact several hundreds of target neurons locally or distally. But, the function of the axon is not purely limited to the conduction of the action potential from the site of initiation near the cell body to the terminal. Recent experimental findings shed new light on the functional and computat ...
The basal forebrain cholinergic projection system in mice. In
... the basal forebrain and are divided into several subtypes based on their morphology, spontaneous or evoked firing pattern, and neuromodulatory function. Various CBPs are often co-expressed in a high percentage of GABAergic neurons in the cortex and hippocampus and serve to distinguish subpopulations ...
... the basal forebrain and are divided into several subtypes based on their morphology, spontaneous or evoked firing pattern, and neuromodulatory function. Various CBPs are often co-expressed in a high percentage of GABAergic neurons in the cortex and hippocampus and serve to distinguish subpopulations ...
The Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection
... the basal forebrain and are divided into several subtypes based on their morphology, spontaneous or evoked firing pattern, and neuromodulatory function. Various CBPs are often co-expressed in a high percentage of GABAergic neurons in the cortex and hippocampus and serve to distinguish subpopulations ...
... the basal forebrain and are divided into several subtypes based on their morphology, spontaneous or evoked firing pattern, and neuromodulatory function. Various CBPs are often co-expressed in a high percentage of GABAergic neurons in the cortex and hippocampus and serve to distinguish subpopulations ...
... meet criteria for the disorder during their teenage years. Volumetric studies in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have consistently found global reductions of total brain volume with frontalstriatal regions, cerebellum and parieto-temporal regions particularly affected r ...
Relative Contributions of Specific Activity Histories and
... has recently been shown that synapse size fluctuations in the cerebral cortex of adult mice are at least as large as those observed in culture ([15]; see also [4]); in fact, the degree of such size fluctuations is comparable to the magnitude of size changes induced by experimental stimulation paradi ...
... has recently been shown that synapse size fluctuations in the cerebral cortex of adult mice are at least as large as those observed in culture ([15]; see also [4]); in fact, the degree of such size fluctuations is comparable to the magnitude of size changes induced by experimental stimulation paradi ...
Pyramidal neurons: dendritic structure and synaptic integration
... and fewer oblique apical dendrites than layer II/III pyramidal neurons. The apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons branch closer to the soma than those of CA1 pyramidal neurons, which typically have a more distinctive main apical dendrite and tuft. CA3 pyramidal neurons also have a cl ...
... and fewer oblique apical dendrites than layer II/III pyramidal neurons. The apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons branch closer to the soma than those of CA1 pyramidal neurons, which typically have a more distinctive main apical dendrite and tuft. CA3 pyramidal neurons also have a cl ...
Substance P and Cholecystokinin-like lmmunoreactive Varicosities
... In recent years, the neuropeptides substance P (SP) and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) have been suggested as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators of primary afferent neurons. Immunohistochemical studies have provided anatomical evidence in support of this hypothesis. SP-like immunoreactivity ( ...
... In recent years, the neuropeptides substance P (SP) and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) have been suggested as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators of primary afferent neurons. Immunohistochemical studies have provided anatomical evidence in support of this hypothesis. SP-like immunoreactivity ( ...
The circadian visual system, 2005
... An unexpected result (van den Pol et al., 1998), demonstrated the important point that a form of “temporal integration” may occur even when the light stimulus is subthreshold. For example, in the mouse or hamster, a brief (2–3 ms), bright (1013 photons/cm2/s) flash will not elicit a phase shift (Nel ...
... An unexpected result (van den Pol et al., 1998), demonstrated the important point that a form of “temporal integration” may occur even when the light stimulus is subthreshold. For example, in the mouse or hamster, a brief (2–3 ms), bright (1013 photons/cm2/s) flash will not elicit a phase shift (Nel ...
The dynamic cytoskeleton: backbone of dendritic spine plasticity
... them to conclude that although microtubule entry into dendritic spines could occur, spines were devoid of microtubules under physiological conditions. Nonetheless it is possible that a population of highly dynamic, unstable microtubules were depolymerized during the fixation process, making the subc ...
... them to conclude that although microtubule entry into dendritic spines could occur, spines were devoid of microtubules under physiological conditions. Nonetheless it is possible that a population of highly dynamic, unstable microtubules were depolymerized during the fixation process, making the subc ...
In 1978 Mountcastle hypothesized that the smallest functional unit of
... minicolumns to perceived stimuli in SI has been limited. From Tommerdahl et al.’s 2DG experiment, two questions arose, 1) Can a local group of SI minicolumns express a large range of unique activity patterns which are mutually independent of each other? and 2) Are minicolumnar activity patterns stim ...
... minicolumns to perceived stimuli in SI has been limited. From Tommerdahl et al.’s 2DG experiment, two questions arose, 1) Can a local group of SI minicolumns express a large range of unique activity patterns which are mutually independent of each other? and 2) Are minicolumnar activity patterns stim ...
[ H]GABA and - The University of Sydney
... 1981). Both GABAA and GABAB receptors play a significant role in regulating neurotransmitter release. There is increasing evidence and interest in a third class of GABA receptors, the GABAC (sometimes called GABANANB and ρ ...
... 1981). Both GABAA and GABAB receptors play a significant role in regulating neurotransmitter release. There is increasing evidence and interest in a third class of GABA receptors, the GABAC (sometimes called GABANANB and ρ ...
A transcription factor network controls cell migration
... parapineal organ that, together with the flanking habenular nuclei, form a region of the forebrain called the dorsal diencephalon. Although they are derived from the same anlage, the pineal and parapineal organs comprise distinct neuronal types and perform different functions. The zebrafish pineal o ...
... parapineal organ that, together with the flanking habenular nuclei, form a region of the forebrain called the dorsal diencephalon. Although they are derived from the same anlage, the pineal and parapineal organs comprise distinct neuronal types and perform different functions. The zebrafish pineal o ...
Serum kisspeptin levels across different phases of the menstrual
... to kisspeptin but early to mid-follicular-phase women did not. These findings are also concordant with studies in rats10 and sheep25 in which the largest LH response to kisspeptin was seen just before ovulation. We also observed a significant increase in serum kisspeptin levels from the preovulatory ...
... to kisspeptin but early to mid-follicular-phase women did not. These findings are also concordant with studies in rats10 and sheep25 in which the largest LH response to kisspeptin was seen just before ovulation. We also observed a significant increase in serum kisspeptin levels from the preovulatory ...
Cortisol modifies extinction learning of recently acquired fear in men
... to achieve an ‘unpleasant but not painful’ level of sensation. The conditioning experiment consisted of an acquisition and an extinction phase (Figure 1A). The conditioning procedure was adapted from prior studies in our laboratory (Stark et al., 2006; Merz et al., 2013) and included an additional e ...
... to achieve an ‘unpleasant but not painful’ level of sensation. The conditioning experiment consisted of an acquisition and an extinction phase (Figure 1A). The conditioning procedure was adapted from prior studies in our laboratory (Stark et al., 2006; Merz et al., 2013) and included an additional e ...