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... placing thirty million synapses in their proper three-dimensional position. In March 2008, Blue Brain project was progressing faster than expected: "Consciousness is just a massive amount of information being exchanged by trillions of brain cells." Some proponents of strong AI speculate that compute ...
... placing thirty million synapses in their proper three-dimensional position. In March 2008, Blue Brain project was progressing faster than expected: "Consciousness is just a massive amount of information being exchanged by trillions of brain cells." Some proponents of strong AI speculate that compute ...
Jennifer McFarland - University of Evansville Faculty Web sites
... interpreted to suggest that REM sleep promotes neurogenesis, but this is unlikely. Despite the fact that the exact mechanism by which sleep deprivation reduces neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus is unknown, there is strong evidence supporting glucocorticoid release, due to the stress of chronic s ...
... interpreted to suggest that REM sleep promotes neurogenesis, but this is unlikely. Despite the fact that the exact mechanism by which sleep deprivation reduces neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus is unknown, there is strong evidence supporting glucocorticoid release, due to the stress of chronic s ...
Versican Expression During Embryonic Development in the Mouse
... immunohistochemistry have been reported in the developing rodent brain after P18 [7],[36]. ...
... immunohistochemistry have been reported in the developing rodent brain after P18 [7],[36]. ...
Distinct Roles for Somatically and Dendritically Synthesized Brain
... antibodies were purchased from LI-COR Biosciences and used at a dilution of 1:10,000. Spine analysis. Transfected cultures were fixed and stained with an antibody to GFP at DIV14, DIV21, DIV28, DIV35, and DIV42, as described above. All dendritic spines on one entire main dendrite per neuron (⬎180 m ...
... antibodies were purchased from LI-COR Biosciences and used at a dilution of 1:10,000. Spine analysis. Transfected cultures were fixed and stained with an antibody to GFP at DIV14, DIV21, DIV28, DIV35, and DIV42, as described above. All dendritic spines on one entire main dendrite per neuron (⬎180 m ...
Neural Control - International Continence Society
... categories of evidence, e.g. uncontrolled studies, inadequate statistical support, anecdotal information, hypothesis or speculation will be referred to as such. Of some importance in this field are species differences, and efforts have been made to make it very clear when each new topic is introduce ...
... categories of evidence, e.g. uncontrolled studies, inadequate statistical support, anecdotal information, hypothesis or speculation will be referred to as such. Of some importance in this field are species differences, and efforts have been made to make it very clear when each new topic is introduce ...
ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ داوری ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﮕﺮه ﻋﻠﻮم اﻋﺼﺎب ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و ﺑﺎ
... The exercise effect on excitability and paired-pulse inhibition response at dentate gyrus of hippocampus in chronic stress rats The Role of protein phosphatase ١ in the spatial learning and memory improvement induced by salicylate in rats Orexin-٢ receptors in hippocampal CA١ area are involved in ex ...
... The exercise effect on excitability and paired-pulse inhibition response at dentate gyrus of hippocampus in chronic stress rats The Role of protein phosphatase ١ in the spatial learning and memory improvement induced by salicylate in rats Orexin-٢ receptors in hippocampal CA١ area are involved in ex ...
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... with bursts of activity in B4/5 and out-of-phase with highfrequency activity in B8 (Fig. 7; n ⫽ 8). B4/5 and B8 are characterized neurons that predominantly fire during the closing/retraction phase of ingestive motor programs (Rosen et al., 1991; Morton and Chiel, 1993a,b; Church and Lloyd, 1994). T ...
... with bursts of activity in B4/5 and out-of-phase with highfrequency activity in B8 (Fig. 7; n ⫽ 8). B4/5 and B8 are characterized neurons that predominantly fire during the closing/retraction phase of ingestive motor programs (Rosen et al., 1991; Morton and Chiel, 1993a,b; Church and Lloyd, 1994). T ...
A role for subplate neurons in the patterning of
... thalamocortical connections: interactions involving subplate neurons must also be present. ...
... thalamocortical connections: interactions involving subplate neurons must also be present. ...
Propagation of tau pathology in Alzheimer`s disease
... Propagation of aggregated tau has been recently explored in vivo by brain inoculation of tau aggregates and monitoring their uptake and propagation in mouse cortex. Injection of tau filaments from transgenic mice expressing human mutant P301S tau into hippocampi of young mice expressing wild-type hu ...
... Propagation of aggregated tau has been recently explored in vivo by brain inoculation of tau aggregates and monitoring their uptake and propagation in mouse cortex. Injection of tau filaments from transgenic mice expressing human mutant P301S tau into hippocampi of young mice expressing wild-type hu ...
Glutamine deficiency in the prefrontal cortex increases depressive
... subjected to the FST. One day after the FST, we analyzed Glu and Gln levels using liquid chromatography. Experiment C (Appendix 1, Fig. S1) tested whether exogenous Gln could reverse the depressive behaviours caused by L-AAA infusion and by Glu–Gln cycle disturbance. Cannulation and toxin infusion w ...
... subjected to the FST. One day after the FST, we analyzed Glu and Gln levels using liquid chromatography. Experiment C (Appendix 1, Fig. S1) tested whether exogenous Gln could reverse the depressive behaviours caused by L-AAA infusion and by Glu–Gln cycle disturbance. Cannulation and toxin infusion w ...
Neck Muscle Responses to Stimulation of Monkey Superior
... (between 3 ⫻ 3 to 5 ⫻ 5° depending on FP position) for between 800 and 1,500 ms. SC stimulation (variable duration, described in the following text) was delivered on 80 –90% of all trials between 500 and 1,000 ms after the onset of fixation. Stimulation was delivered either while the FP remained vis ...
... (between 3 ⫻ 3 to 5 ⫻ 5° depending on FP position) for between 800 and 1,500 ms. SC stimulation (variable duration, described in the following text) was delivered on 80 –90% of all trials between 500 and 1,000 ms after the onset of fixation. Stimulation was delivered either while the FP remained vis ...
Interaction of the Frontal Eye Field and Superior Colliculus for
... Hanes, Doug P. and Robert H. Wurtz. Interaction of the frontal eye field and superior colliculus for saccade generation. J Neurophysiol 85: 804 – 815, 2001. Both the frontal eye field (FEF) in the prefrontal cortex and the superior colliculus (SC) on the roof of the midbrain participate in the gener ...
... Hanes, Doug P. and Robert H. Wurtz. Interaction of the frontal eye field and superior colliculus for saccade generation. J Neurophysiol 85: 804 – 815, 2001. Both the frontal eye field (FEF) in the prefrontal cortex and the superior colliculus (SC) on the roof of the midbrain participate in the gener ...
The Role of Temporal Structure in Human Vision
... those two images are presented sequentially, not simultaneously? Several studies have shown that the visual system can extract stereoscopic depth from temporally separated half-images of a random-dot stereogram, so long as the interval separating the two half-images does not ...
... those two images are presented sequentially, not simultaneously? Several studies have shown that the visual system can extract stereoscopic depth from temporally separated half-images of a random-dot stereogram, so long as the interval separating the two half-images does not ...
Structure and dynamics of the corticothalamic driver pathway in the
... and temporally distributed sensory signals. Consequently, sensation on a neuronal basis is a distributed, non-linear and dynamic process. Following sensory receptor activation the signal travels through many brain regions wherein the pathway is split, loops back onto itself and joins together with o ...
... and temporally distributed sensory signals. Consequently, sensation on a neuronal basis is a distributed, non-linear and dynamic process. Following sensory receptor activation the signal travels through many brain regions wherein the pathway is split, loops back onto itself and joins together with o ...
ATLAS OF FUNCTIONAL NEUROANATOMY
... color coding is included after the list of illustrations.) Much of the subject matter’s difficulty is terminology — complex, difficult to spell, sometimes inconsistent, with a Latin base, and sometimes with names of individuals (used often by neurologists, neurosurgeons, and neuroradiologists). A gl ...
... color coding is included after the list of illustrations.) Much of the subject matter’s difficulty is terminology — complex, difficult to spell, sometimes inconsistent, with a Latin base, and sometimes with names of individuals (used often by neurologists, neurosurgeons, and neuroradiologists). A gl ...
Mismatch Negativity: Different Water in the Same River
... (third waveform in fig. 1). Lavikainen et al. [1995] found two sources for the magnetic N1 response to such a change in frequency and suggested that these represented the normal N1 and an MMN, with the MMN occurring earlier than it would have if the frequency change had been part of a separate devia ...
... (third waveform in fig. 1). Lavikainen et al. [1995] found two sources for the magnetic N1 response to such a change in frequency and suggested that these represented the normal N1 and an MMN, with the MMN occurring earlier than it would have if the frequency change had been part of a separate devia ...
the neurobiology of nicotine addiction: bridging the gap from
... neurophysiological, motivational and behavioural effects through several brain regions and neurochemical pathways. Recent research in the fields of behavioural pharmacology, genetics and electrophysiology is providing an increasingly integrated picture of how the brain processes the motivational eff ...
... neurophysiological, motivational and behavioural effects through several brain regions and neurochemical pathways. Recent research in the fields of behavioural pharmacology, genetics and electrophysiology is providing an increasingly integrated picture of how the brain processes the motivational eff ...
The Formation of Specific Synaptic Connections Between Muscle
... A convenient experimental system for studying, in the vertebrate CNS, this third aspect of neural development, i.e., the actual formation of specific synaptic connections, is the set of monosynaptic excitatory connections between muscle spindle afferent fibers and motoneurons projecting to limb musc ...
... A convenient experimental system for studying, in the vertebrate CNS, this third aspect of neural development, i.e., the actual formation of specific synaptic connections, is the set of monosynaptic excitatory connections between muscle spindle afferent fibers and motoneurons projecting to limb musc ...
Sleep duration varies as a function of glutamate and GABA in rat
... PnO receives glutamatergic and GABAergic projections from many brain regions that regulate behavioral state. Indirect, pharmacological evidence has suggested that glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling within the PnO alters traits that characterize wakefulness and sleep. No previous studies have simu ...
... PnO receives glutamatergic and GABAergic projections from many brain regions that regulate behavioral state. Indirect, pharmacological evidence has suggested that glutamatergic and GABAergic signaling within the PnO alters traits that characterize wakefulness and sleep. No previous studies have simu ...
Orexin/Hypocretin: A Neuropeptide at the Interface of Sleep, Energy
... Address correspondence to: Dr. Takeshi Sakurai, Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa-shi, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan. E-mail: [email protected]. This article is available online ...
... Address correspondence to: Dr. Takeshi Sakurai, Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa-shi, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan. E-mail: [email protected]. This article is available online ...
Chapter 2 Reivew of Lierature
... abnormalities develop gradually and progressively during a course of repeated exposure to a drug of abuse, and can persist for months or years after discontinuation of drug use. As a result, drug addiction can be considered a form of drug-induced neural plasticity (Nestler, 1993). The stability of t ...
... abnormalities develop gradually and progressively during a course of repeated exposure to a drug of abuse, and can persist for months or years after discontinuation of drug use. As a result, drug addiction can be considered a form of drug-induced neural plasticity (Nestler, 1993). The stability of t ...
Cerebral cortical hypoplasia with abnormal morphology of pyramidal
... density (OD) on captured images by using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA). Captured images of three distinct cortical areas, i.e., the primary motor cortex (M1), barrel field of primary somatosensory cortex (S1BF) and primary visual cortex (V1), which were defined in th ...
... density (OD) on captured images by using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA). Captured images of three distinct cortical areas, i.e., the primary motor cortex (M1), barrel field of primary somatosensory cortex (S1BF) and primary visual cortex (V1), which were defined in th ...
Mammalian Sleep
... and 12 to 16 Hz in primates). Slow wave activity (SWA; 0.5 to 4 Hz) differs in its peak frequency depending on species—that is, it is more concentrated at lower frequencies in some species (human beings, rats) than in others (most mice). The considerable differences in amplitude between species are ...
... and 12 to 16 Hz in primates). Slow wave activity (SWA; 0.5 to 4 Hz) differs in its peak frequency depending on species—that is, it is more concentrated at lower frequencies in some species (human beings, rats) than in others (most mice). The considerable differences in amplitude between species are ...
ARTICLE Hierarchy of orofacial rhythms revealed through whisking and breathing
... Whisking and sniffing are predominant aspects of exploratory behaviour in rodents. Yet the neural mechanisms that generate and coordinate these and other orofacial motor patterns remain largely uncharacterized. Here we use anatomical, behavioural, electrophysiological and pharmacological tools to sh ...
... Whisking and sniffing are predominant aspects of exploratory behaviour in rodents. Yet the neural mechanisms that generate and coordinate these and other orofacial motor patterns remain largely uncharacterized. Here we use anatomical, behavioural, electrophysiological and pharmacological tools to sh ...
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... Structural neuroimaging studies partially support fronto-striatal abnormalities and suggest an important role of the cerebellum. However, nearly all these studies are based on the analysis of apriori selected regions of interest (known as ROI approaches). Recent studies, using more global approaches ...
... Structural neuroimaging studies partially support fronto-striatal abnormalities and suggest an important role of the cerebellum. However, nearly all these studies are based on the analysis of apriori selected regions of interest (known as ROI approaches). Recent studies, using more global approaches ...