Cholinergic Cells and Pathways
... with projection and augmenting activity as they pointed out that ACh-sensitive cortical cells respond to thalamic or peripheral sensory stimulation with repetitive after-discharges and changes in the EEG. These notions were supported by the finding of Frank (Hank) MacIntosh and Paul Oborin (1953) of ...
... with projection and augmenting activity as they pointed out that ACh-sensitive cortical cells respond to thalamic or peripheral sensory stimulation with repetitive after-discharges and changes in the EEG. These notions were supported by the finding of Frank (Hank) MacIntosh and Paul Oborin (1953) of ...
Histamine in the Nervous System
... sor involved in feeding-related arousal, has long been known to be histaminergic (38, 156, 459, 653, 808). Histamine immunohistochemistry has identified cell clusters triggering the respiratory pumping as well as many further neurons in all central ganglia (150). Histamine induces excitatory and inh ...
... sor involved in feeding-related arousal, has long been known to be histaminergic (38, 156, 459, 653, 808). Histamine immunohistochemistry has identified cell clusters triggering the respiratory pumping as well as many further neurons in all central ganglia (150). Histamine induces excitatory and inh ...
Spatial distribution and characterization of non
... basal locations but maintain an apical contact during mitoses [7,11,14]. These subapical progenitors are mainly characterized by undergoing multiple and fast rounds of division. The non-apical progenitor populations have been widely studied in the mammalian brain, and there is some evidence that the ...
... basal locations but maintain an apical contact during mitoses [7,11,14]. These subapical progenitors are mainly characterized by undergoing multiple and fast rounds of division. The non-apical progenitor populations have been widely studied in the mammalian brain, and there is some evidence that the ...
Neural Control - International Continence Society
... controls and achieves statistical significance. Other categories of evidence, e.g. uncontrolled studies, inadequate statistical support, anecdotal information, hypothesis or speculation will be referred to as such. Of some importance in this field are species differences, and efforts have been made ...
... controls and achieves statistical significance. Other categories of evidence, e.g. uncontrolled studies, inadequate statistical support, anecdotal information, hypothesis or speculation will be referred to as such. Of some importance in this field are species differences, and efforts have been made ...
Neurodynamical theory of decision confidence Andrea Insabato TESI DOCTORAL UPF / 2014
... we do not have yet a thorough understanding of its neurophysiological and computational substrate. There are mainly two experimental paradigms to measure decision confidence in animals: post-decision wagering and uncertain option. In this thesis we explore and try to shed light on the computational ...
... we do not have yet a thorough understanding of its neurophysiological and computational substrate. There are mainly two experimental paradigms to measure decision confidence in animals: post-decision wagering and uncertain option. In this thesis we explore and try to shed light on the computational ...
Author`s personal copy
... whether such work is relevant to the neural control of maternal behavior in other mammals, including humans. Since maternal behavior is a defining characteristic of mammals, one should expect that evolutionarily conserved neural circuits exist which regulate maternal behavior across mammalian species ...
... whether such work is relevant to the neural control of maternal behavior in other mammals, including humans. Since maternal behavior is a defining characteristic of mammals, one should expect that evolutionarily conserved neural circuits exist which regulate maternal behavior across mammalian species ...
By ON THE ROLE OF THE SUPERIOR COLLICULUS IN THE CONTROL... VISUALLY-GUIDED SACCADES
... of simulating saccadic sensory to motor transformations. This model was designed to predict how the spatial interactions between neural signals related to visual processing and saccadic preparation interact within the SC to influence saccadic reaction time. I concluded that saccade latency was stron ...
... of simulating saccadic sensory to motor transformations. This model was designed to predict how the spatial interactions between neural signals related to visual processing and saccadic preparation interact within the SC to influence saccadic reaction time. I concluded that saccade latency was stron ...
Antagonistic roles of Wnt5 and the Drl receptor in patterning the
... The perception of odors requires that stimulus information be systematically organized in a ‘map’ in the olfactory bulb. Indeed, axons of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) expressing a given odorant receptor sort out from other axons and terminate specifically in one of a field of discrete synaptic ...
... The perception of odors requires that stimulus information be systematically organized in a ‘map’ in the olfactory bulb. Indeed, axons of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) expressing a given odorant receptor sort out from other axons and terminate specifically in one of a field of discrete synaptic ...
ITI-signals and prelimbic cortex facilitate avoidance acquisition and
... the stimulus states in the chamber as well as recorded responses upon the bar within those designated states. The same parameters previously reported to elicit differences in the acquisition of the avoidance lever-press behavior in WKY rats (Beck et al., 2011) were used for these experiments. Each l ...
... the stimulus states in the chamber as well as recorded responses upon the bar within those designated states. The same parameters previously reported to elicit differences in the acquisition of the avoidance lever-press behavior in WKY rats (Beck et al., 2011) were used for these experiments. Each l ...
The subthalamic nucleus in the context of movement disorders
... cortex, pre-motor cortex, and portions of the somatosensory dorsal parietal cortex); (ii) the dorsolateral portion of the postcommissural putamen and a small rim of the head of the caudate; and (iii) the lateral two-thirds of the globus pallidus (GPe and GPi) and a small portion of the substantia ni ...
... cortex, pre-motor cortex, and portions of the somatosensory dorsal parietal cortex); (ii) the dorsolateral portion of the postcommissural putamen and a small rim of the head of the caudate; and (iii) the lateral two-thirds of the globus pallidus (GPe and GPi) and a small portion of the substantia ni ...
The Classical Complement Cascade Mediates
... We performed patch-clamp recordings from acute brain slices of P30 mice and measured the amplitude of responses evoked in relay cells by stimulating RGC axons in the optic tract (Figure 5A). Small incremental increases in stimulus intensity were used in order to recruit individual ...
... We performed patch-clamp recordings from acute brain slices of P30 mice and measured the amplitude of responses evoked in relay cells by stimulating RGC axons in the optic tract (Figure 5A). Small incremental increases in stimulus intensity were used in order to recruit individual ...
The Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Projection
... Cholinergic neurons are located in other parts of the rat brain beyond the basal forebrain. They are found in the striatum, the medial habenular nucleus, mesopontine tegmentum, cranial nerve motor nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord (for ref. see Semba, 2004). Cholinergic intrinsic neuron ...
... Cholinergic neurons are located in other parts of the rat brain beyond the basal forebrain. They are found in the striatum, the medial habenular nucleus, mesopontine tegmentum, cranial nerve motor nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord (for ref. see Semba, 2004). Cholinergic intrinsic neuron ...
Gamma Oscillations in the Hippocampus
... cycle (5, 12, 14, 74, 77) and have been proposed to select particular cell assemblies for processing at those times (37, 38, 51, 68). Because of their high frequency, gamma oscillations are ideally suited for operations that require neuronal coordination on a time scale that is beyond the range of c ...
... cycle (5, 12, 14, 74, 77) and have been proposed to select particular cell assemblies for processing at those times (37, 38, 51, 68). Because of their high frequency, gamma oscillations are ideally suited for operations that require neuronal coordination on a time scale that is beyond the range of c ...
to eat or to sleep? orexin in the regulation of feeding and wakefulness
... Maratos-Flier 1998, Salton et al 2000). For example, NPY potently increases food consumption when given centrally but Npy-null mutant mice fail to demonstrate a significant feeding phenotype. Anorectic pathways, such as those involving alphamelanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and leptin appear to ...
... Maratos-Flier 1998, Salton et al 2000). For example, NPY potently increases food consumption when given centrally but Npy-null mutant mice fail to demonstrate a significant feeding phenotype. Anorectic pathways, such as those involving alphamelanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and leptin appear to ...
Document
... Although direct brain emulation using artificial neural networks on a highperformance computing engine is a common approach, there are other approaches. An alternative artificial brain implementation could be based on Holographic Neural Technology (HNeT) non linear phase coherence/decoherence princi ...
... Although direct brain emulation using artificial neural networks on a highperformance computing engine is a common approach, there are other approaches. An alternative artificial brain implementation could be based on Holographic Neural Technology (HNeT) non linear phase coherence/decoherence princi ...
Chapter_014
... Swelling and dispersal of the Nissl substance Cell increases in metabolic activity, protein synthesis, and mitochondrial activity New terminal sprouts project from proximal segment Process limited to myelinated axons • Generally only in the PNS Depends on location, type of injury, inflammatory respo ...
... Swelling and dispersal of the Nissl substance Cell increases in metabolic activity, protein synthesis, and mitochondrial activity New terminal sprouts project from proximal segment Process limited to myelinated axons • Generally only in the PNS Depends on location, type of injury, inflammatory respo ...
Kir2 potassium channels in rat striatum are strategically
... probability in a depolarized membrane. Hyperpolarization above the K+ equilibrium potential ...
... probability in a depolarized membrane. Hyperpolarization above the K+ equilibrium potential ...
Session 230 IOP Measurement and characterization I
... Purpose: Intraocular pressure (IOP) is still considered the most important risk factor for the development and progression of glaucoma. Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) is the most widely used method of measuring IOP. However, it is well known that corneal properties affect the accuracy of this ...
... Purpose: Intraocular pressure (IOP) is still considered the most important risk factor for the development and progression of glaucoma. Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) is the most widely used method of measuring IOP. However, it is well known that corneal properties affect the accuracy of this ...
The Roles of the Amygdala and the Hippocampus in Fear
... species-typical responses that will be expressed automatically, as the ability to learn and memorize according to the environment (McLeod, 2007). Pavlov understood that the dogs somehow had learned to associate the food with his lab assistant and that the change in behavior must be the result of lea ...
... species-typical responses that will be expressed automatically, as the ability to learn and memorize according to the environment (McLeod, 2007). Pavlov understood that the dogs somehow had learned to associate the food with his lab assistant and that the change in behavior must be the result of lea ...
1 OSCILLATORY ENTRAINMENT OF THALAMIC NEURONS BY
... non-theta periods. The most distinguishable non-theta oscillations in rodent anterior thalamus ...
... non-theta periods. The most distinguishable non-theta oscillations in rodent anterior thalamus ...
The Reorganization of Primary Auditory Cortex by Invasion of
... excitatory drive. Sprouting can come from the perilesional area, ipsilateral subcortical or cortical areas, and/or contralateral areas. Chronic peripheral nerve injuries can cause central somatosensory neurons to respond to afferents from undamaged peripheral axons (Kalaska and Pomeranz 1982), which ...
... excitatory drive. Sprouting can come from the perilesional area, ipsilateral subcortical or cortical areas, and/or contralateral areas. Chronic peripheral nerve injuries can cause central somatosensory neurons to respond to afferents from undamaged peripheral axons (Kalaska and Pomeranz 1982), which ...
Here follows a list of recently published papers
... http://t.co/avwjFHZA7z Deficiency of prion protein: impaired autophagic flux in neurons http://bit.ly/1mFLiM3 CA3 size predicts the precision of memory recall http://bit.ly/1mukcG9 " A Role for Tac2, NkB, and Nk3 Receptor in Normal and Dysregulated Fear Memory Consolidation http://www.cell.com/neuro ...
... http://t.co/avwjFHZA7z Deficiency of prion protein: impaired autophagic flux in neurons http://bit.ly/1mFLiM3 CA3 size predicts the precision of memory recall http://bit.ly/1mukcG9 " A Role for Tac2, NkB, and Nk3 Receptor in Normal and Dysregulated Fear Memory Consolidation http://www.cell.com/neuro ...
Propofol Inhibits Neuronal Firing Activities in the Caudal
... Some neuronal firings are of high frequency and some are of low frequency. This indicates that different types of neurons exist in the CVLM and possibly display different firing patterns or functions. For example, much evidence demonstrates that projecting neurons in the CVLM can transmit electrical ...
... Some neuronal firings are of high frequency and some are of low frequency. This indicates that different types of neurons exist in the CVLM and possibly display different firing patterns or functions. For example, much evidence demonstrates that projecting neurons in the CVLM can transmit electrical ...
Stimulus (physiology)
In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus transduction. These sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanorceptors. An internal stimulus is often the first component of a homeostatic control system. External stimuli are capable of producing systemic responses throughout the body, as in the fight-or-flight response. In order for a stimulus to be detected with high probability, its level must exceed the absolute threshold; if a signal does reach threshold, the information is transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), where it is integrated and a decision on how to react is made. Although stimuli commonly cause the body to respond, it is the CNS that finally determines whether a signal causes a reaction or not.