Stages of Sleep And Brain Mechanisms
... Stages of Sleep And Brain Mechanisms • Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by the inability to breathe while sleeping for a prolonged period of time. • Consequences include sleepiness during the day, impaired attention, depression, and sometimes heart problems. • Cognitive impairment may ...
... Stages of Sleep And Brain Mechanisms • Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by the inability to breathe while sleeping for a prolonged period of time. • Consequences include sleepiness during the day, impaired attention, depression, and sometimes heart problems. • Cognitive impairment may ...
Brain, Mood and Cognition in Hypothyroidism
... 1 The thyroid and its dysfunction 1.1 The thyroid hormone system The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland situated below the larynx (Ehlert and von Känel, 2011). It produces the hormone triiodothyronine (T3) and the prohormone tetraiodothyronine (T4) and releases them into the blood stream, ...
... 1 The thyroid and its dysfunction 1.1 The thyroid hormone system The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland situated below the larynx (Ehlert and von Känel, 2011). It produces the hormone triiodothyronine (T3) and the prohormone tetraiodothyronine (T4) and releases them into the blood stream, ...
Glucose absorption in nephropathy patients receiving continuous
... or 3.76 g/dL of glucose, respectively. Due to a positive glucose gradient existing, probably patients have never been in a strict fasting state even after a dwell time of six hours with 1.36% glucose solution.2 It had been reported that about 60% of the daily dialysate glucose load was absorbed, whi ...
... or 3.76 g/dL of glucose, respectively. Due to a positive glucose gradient existing, probably patients have never been in a strict fasting state even after a dwell time of six hours with 1.36% glucose solution.2 It had been reported that about 60% of the daily dialysate glucose load was absorbed, whi ...
Ch. 14 CNS textbook
... rior median sulcus, just miss dividing the cord into separate symmetrical halves. The anterior fissure is the deeper and the wider of the two grooves—a useful factor to remember when you examine spinal cord diagrams. It enables you to tell at a glance which part of the cord is anterior and which is ...
... rior median sulcus, just miss dividing the cord into separate symmetrical halves. The anterior fissure is the deeper and the wider of the two grooves—a useful factor to remember when you examine spinal cord diagrams. It enables you to tell at a glance which part of the cord is anterior and which is ...
Deficits of brainstem and spinal cord functions after
... Blandine Bellot1,2, Julie Peyronnet-Roux1, Catherine Gire2, Umberto Simeoni2,3, Laurent Vinay1 and Jean-Charles Viemari1 Background: Perinatal cerebral hypoxia–ischemia (HI) can lead to severe neurodevelopmental disorders. Studies in humans and animal models mainly focused on cerebral outcomes, and ...
... Blandine Bellot1,2, Julie Peyronnet-Roux1, Catherine Gire2, Umberto Simeoni2,3, Laurent Vinay1 and Jean-Charles Viemari1 Background: Perinatal cerebral hypoxia–ischemia (HI) can lead to severe neurodevelopmental disorders. Studies in humans and animal models mainly focused on cerebral outcomes, and ...
Amelioration of Delayed Neuronal Death in the Hippocampus by
... is negligible(Tomida et al., 1987). Therefore, the experimental model and method we usedis now a standard acceptedworldwide. Even so, there may be a possibility of subclinical seizure that compromisesNGF action, becauseGall and Isackson(1989) reported increasedNGF mRNA in the hippocampusby limbic se ...
... is negligible(Tomida et al., 1987). Therefore, the experimental model and method we usedis now a standard acceptedworldwide. Even so, there may be a possibility of subclinical seizure that compromisesNGF action, becauseGall and Isackson(1989) reported increasedNGF mRNA in the hippocampusby limbic se ...
Connectivity of the human pedunculopontine nucleus region and
... the principal diffusion direction corresponds to the underlying fiber direction.3,4 Therefore, by following estimates of the principal direction of diffusion it is possible to reconstruct estimated fiber pathways.9,25,37 Conventional approaches to tract tracing, however, can typically only trace pat ...
... the principal diffusion direction corresponds to the underlying fiber direction.3,4 Therefore, by following estimates of the principal direction of diffusion it is possible to reconstruct estimated fiber pathways.9,25,37 Conventional approaches to tract tracing, however, can typically only trace pat ...
E ffects of different kinds of acute stress on nerve growth factor
... One possible explanation for this finding is that glucocorticoids, which are elevated during stress, reduce NGF synthesis [5,40]. However, contrary to this hypothesis, the change of glucocorticoid concentration during stress experiments does not always correspond to the reduction of measured NGF con ...
... One possible explanation for this finding is that glucocorticoids, which are elevated during stress, reduce NGF synthesis [5,40]. However, contrary to this hypothesis, the change of glucocorticoid concentration during stress experiments does not always correspond to the reduction of measured NGF con ...
Ascorbic acid treatment, similarly to fluoxetine, reverses depressive
... and mortality (Nemeroff, 2007). The neurobiology of this condition and detailed knowledge of its etiology is not yet well established, however, it is known that major depression might originate from both environmental and genetic risk factors (Nestler et al., 2002). It has been reported that stressf ...
... and mortality (Nemeroff, 2007). The neurobiology of this condition and detailed knowledge of its etiology is not yet well established, however, it is known that major depression might originate from both environmental and genetic risk factors (Nestler et al., 2002). It has been reported that stressf ...
- Wiley Online Library
... function by mechanical displacement of a region, a phenomenon already explained above. True relocation of function may be designated as cortical reorganization or plasticity, and this anatomic relocation must be differentiated from the displacement of the anatomic structure caused by the space-occup ...
... function by mechanical displacement of a region, a phenomenon already explained above. True relocation of function may be designated as cortical reorganization or plasticity, and this anatomic relocation must be differentiated from the displacement of the anatomic structure caused by the space-occup ...
Occlusion and brain function: mastication as a prevention of
... extracted does not cause the rodents to consume less food (13). However, recent evidence suggests that moderately restricting calories acts to protect against age-related hippocampal deficits (47–50). Likewise in human studies, loss of teeth or disuse of dentures was the factor inducing malnutrition ...
... extracted does not cause the rodents to consume less food (13). However, recent evidence suggests that moderately restricting calories acts to protect against age-related hippocampal deficits (47–50). Likewise in human studies, loss of teeth or disuse of dentures was the factor inducing malnutrition ...
Nervous System PPT
... Grey Matter: route sensory or motor stimulus to interneurons of the CNS in order to create a response to the stimulus through chemical synapse activity. White Matter: It contains nerve fibers. Many of these nerve fibers (axons) are surrounded by a type of fat called myelin. The myelin gives the whit ...
... Grey Matter: route sensory or motor stimulus to interneurons of the CNS in order to create a response to the stimulus through chemical synapse activity. White Matter: It contains nerve fibers. Many of these nerve fibers (axons) are surrounded by a type of fat called myelin. The myelin gives the whit ...
Descartes` Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain
... "view" of a part of that body landscape. It has a specific content-the state of the body; and specific neural systems that support it the peripheral nervous system and the brain regions that integrate signals related to body structure and regulation. Because the sense of that body landscape is juxt ...
... "view" of a part of that body landscape. It has a specific content-the state of the body; and specific neural systems that support it the peripheral nervous system and the brain regions that integrate signals related to body structure and regulation. Because the sense of that body landscape is juxt ...
The assessment of hemispheric lateralization in functional MRI
... functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), functional transcranial Doppler sonography (Deppe et al., 2004), magnetoencephalography (Hirata et al., 2004) and infrared spectroscopy (Watson et al., 2004), it became possible to non-invasively investigate the lateralization of cognitive brain function ...
... functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), functional transcranial Doppler sonography (Deppe et al., 2004), magnetoencephalography (Hirata et al., 2004) and infrared spectroscopy (Watson et al., 2004), it became possible to non-invasively investigate the lateralization of cognitive brain function ...
The subtle body: an interoceptive map of central nervous system
... formulations of the Ayurvedic medical and Yogic contemplative traditions.11 Gradually, these references led to more elaborate descriptions devised for expert traditions of neuropsychology (tantrayāna) and neuropsychiatry (rasāyana) (developed 400–1200 CE). Both systems were integrated by India’s i ...
... formulations of the Ayurvedic medical and Yogic contemplative traditions.11 Gradually, these references led to more elaborate descriptions devised for expert traditions of neuropsychology (tantrayāna) and neuropsychiatry (rasāyana) (developed 400–1200 CE). Both systems were integrated by India’s i ...
Chapter Sonia CSI 2014
... pathophysiology of obesity seems simple: a chronic excess of nutrient intake relative to the level of energy expenditure. However, due to the complexity of the neuroendocrine and metabolic systems that regulate energy intake, storage and expenditure, it has been difficult to quantitate all the relev ...
... pathophysiology of obesity seems simple: a chronic excess of nutrient intake relative to the level of energy expenditure. However, due to the complexity of the neuroendocrine and metabolic systems that regulate energy intake, storage and expenditure, it has been difficult to quantitate all the relev ...
Axonogenesis in the Brain of Zebrafish Embryos
... by commissures. Each tract is established by identified clusters of approximately 2-12 neurons found in discrete regions of the brain. Many identified clusters of neurons project axons in a defined direction appropriate for the cluster and have axons with stereotyped trajectories, suggesting that th ...
... by commissures. Each tract is established by identified clusters of approximately 2-12 neurons found in discrete regions of the brain. Many identified clusters of neurons project axons in a defined direction appropriate for the cluster and have axons with stereotyped trajectories, suggesting that th ...
Obesity and Hormones
... in heart disease, obesity, diabetes, osteoporosis, autoimmune diseases, reproductive disorders, and perhaps the rate of aging itself. It helps to control the brain areas that regulate thyroid levels and the sympathetic nervous system which also has huge impacts on blood pressure, heart disease, diab ...
... in heart disease, obesity, diabetes, osteoporosis, autoimmune diseases, reproductive disorders, and perhaps the rate of aging itself. It helps to control the brain areas that regulate thyroid levels and the sympathetic nervous system which also has huge impacts on blood pressure, heart disease, diab ...
General integration and regulation of metabolism at the organ level
... as for example during exercise? In contrast, what directs the liver to reduce its glucose output, and adipose tissue its output of NEFA when the availability of nutrients is high, as for example after a meal? What are the signals that operate between tissues? With processes of such fundamental impor ...
... as for example during exercise? In contrast, what directs the liver to reduce its glucose output, and adipose tissue its output of NEFA when the availability of nutrients is high, as for example after a meal? What are the signals that operate between tissues? With processes of such fundamental impor ...
xiao-ying-lu-southeast-university
... network, but also a drug screening method with the advantages of highthroughput, high sensitivity, stability and standardization. MEA can help us solve many problems in central nervous system drugs’ discovery, mainly including: ...
... network, but also a drug screening method with the advantages of highthroughput, high sensitivity, stability and standardization. MEA can help us solve many problems in central nervous system drugs’ discovery, mainly including: ...
Combining electroencephalographic activity and
... significant correlations were found for the α (8–12 Hz) [48–52], β (13–30 Hz) [49,50,53] and γ (>30 Hz) bands [53,54], the psychophysiological meaning of such associations is still ill-defined. For instance, complexity of HRV series was used to predict changes in the EEG α band after stress [48]. Ho ...
... significant correlations were found for the α (8–12 Hz) [48–52], β (13–30 Hz) [49,50,53] and γ (>30 Hz) bands [53,54], the psychophysiological meaning of such associations is still ill-defined. For instance, complexity of HRV series was used to predict changes in the EEG α band after stress [48]. Ho ...
CocaineQQQ
... smoking high, although more intense due to the rapidity in which the drug is absorbed into the bloodstream, lasts for an even shorter period of only about five to ten minutes crashing low, in which the addict craves more of the drug and in larger doses ...
... smoking high, although more intense due to the rapidity in which the drug is absorbed into the bloodstream, lasts for an even shorter period of only about five to ten minutes crashing low, in which the addict craves more of the drug and in larger doses ...
Not all brains are created equal: The relevance of
... (Floyer-Lea et al., 2006). Moreover, the higher the observed learning increment, the steeper the GABA decrease in response to anodal tDCS (Stagg et al., 2011). Such a reduction can in turn facilitate longterm potentiation (LTP), which allows for cortical reorganization (Hess and Donoghue, 1994) and ...
... (Floyer-Lea et al., 2006). Moreover, the higher the observed learning increment, the steeper the GABA decrease in response to anodal tDCS (Stagg et al., 2011). Such a reduction can in turn facilitate longterm potentiation (LTP), which allows for cortical reorganization (Hess and Donoghue, 1994) and ...
Berridge, K.C.Brain reward systems for food incentives and
... REWARD SYSTEMS FOR FOOD “LIKING” AND “WANTING” This section turns to some issues involved in measuring and understanding components of brain reward function (Berridge and Robinson, 2003; Everitt and Robbins, 2005). At the heart of reward is hedonic impact or pleasure, and so it is fitting to begin wi ...
... REWARD SYSTEMS FOR FOOD “LIKING” AND “WANTING” This section turns to some issues involved in measuring and understanding components of brain reward function (Berridge and Robinson, 2003; Everitt and Robbins, 2005). At the heart of reward is hedonic impact or pleasure, and so it is fitting to begin wi ...