Are there three subdivisions in the primate subthalamic nucleus? Max C. Keuken
... apparent pattern to reflect an underlying anatomical organization (p. 110)”; as another example, Karachi et al. (2004) mention: “In summary, the pallidosubthalamic projection appears to be topographically arranged, with the sensorimotor part of the STN occupying its dorsolateral half, and the limbic ...
... apparent pattern to reflect an underlying anatomical organization (p. 110)”; as another example, Karachi et al. (2004) mention: “In summary, the pallidosubthalamic projection appears to be topographically arranged, with the sensorimotor part of the STN occupying its dorsolateral half, and the limbic ...
Neurophysiological and Computational Principles of Cortical
... (slow-wave) sleep (4, 19, 207, 240). During large-amplitude EEG slow oscillations, virtually all cell types in the cerebral cortex repetitively switch between two membrane potential states: an up state (where neurons are depolarized at about ⫺65 mV and fire at a low rate) and a down state (where neu ...
... (slow-wave) sleep (4, 19, 207, 240). During large-amplitude EEG slow oscillations, virtually all cell types in the cerebral cortex repetitively switch between two membrane potential states: an up state (where neurons are depolarized at about ⫺65 mV and fire at a low rate) and a down state (where neu ...
the human entorhinal cortex
... beginning of this revolution was due partly to patient called HM, who underwent surgery for epilepsy during which the medial portions of the temporal lobes were removed bilaterally (Scoville and Milner 1957). After this operation, HM was unable to store and retrieve new information about events. The ...
... beginning of this revolution was due partly to patient called HM, who underwent surgery for epilepsy during which the medial portions of the temporal lobes were removed bilaterally (Scoville and Milner 1957). After this operation, HM was unable to store and retrieve new information about events. The ...
Rules Ventral Prefrontal Cortical Axons Use to Reach Their Targets
... Data analysis. All thick fibers without clear terminal boutons were assumed to be passing fibers and were included in the analysis. Fibers traveling in bundles were outlined as a group. Orientation was indicated for each bundle by charting a few individual fibers within each outline. Fibers outside ...
... Data analysis. All thick fibers without clear terminal boutons were assumed to be passing fibers and were included in the analysis. Fibers traveling in bundles were outlined as a group. Orientation was indicated for each bundle by charting a few individual fibers within each outline. Fibers outside ...
NIH Public Access
... pulse-echo delay function (Fig. 2, 3A). These neurons typically respond somewhat to BF signals within one of the higher harmonic FM bands and show very little response to frequencies within the FM1 band, when these signals are presented separately. In response to the signal combinations, the neurons ...
... pulse-echo delay function (Fig. 2, 3A). These neurons typically respond somewhat to BF signals within one of the higher harmonic FM bands and show very little response to frequencies within the FM1 band, when these signals are presented separately. In response to the signal combinations, the neurons ...
Non-reward neural mechanisms in the orbitofrontal cortex
... of these non-reward neurons continue firing for several seconds when an expected reward is not obtained, as illustrated in Fig. 1. These neurons do not respond when an expected punishment is received, for example the taste of salt from a correctly labelled dispenser. Different non-reward neurons may ...
... of these non-reward neurons continue firing for several seconds when an expected reward is not obtained, as illustrated in Fig. 1. These neurons do not respond when an expected punishment is received, for example the taste of salt from a correctly labelled dispenser. Different non-reward neurons may ...
The role of the cerebellum in classical conditioning of
... (US). Most of the data that have been collected over the years are from studies of eyeblink conditioning; hence we focus on that response system here. To the extent tested, the cerebellum is involved in the same way for all striated muscle responses learned to deal with an aversive US (e.g. forelimb ...
... (US). Most of the data that have been collected over the years are from studies of eyeblink conditioning; hence we focus on that response system here. To the extent tested, the cerebellum is involved in the same way for all striated muscle responses learned to deal with an aversive US (e.g. forelimb ...
The role of the subthalamic nucleus in response inhibition: Evidence
... Response inhibition as measured during a stop-signal task refers to the ability to halt an action that has already been set in motion. Cortical and sub-cortical structures, such as the subthalamic nucleus (STN), that are active during attempts to inhibit action are thought to contribute to a ‘stop-p ...
... Response inhibition as measured during a stop-signal task refers to the ability to halt an action that has already been set in motion. Cortical and sub-cortical structures, such as the subthalamic nucleus (STN), that are active during attempts to inhibit action are thought to contribute to a ‘stop-p ...
1
... motivational deficits. Interestingly, GM volume reductions, related to emotional processes are more prominent in H-I subtype, more preserved in combined subtypes, and relatively undisrupted in inattentive subtypes, which is in agreement with previous ADHD theories (Castellanos and Tannock 2002). We ...
... motivational deficits. Interestingly, GM volume reductions, related to emotional processes are more prominent in H-I subtype, more preserved in combined subtypes, and relatively undisrupted in inattentive subtypes, which is in agreement with previous ADHD theories (Castellanos and Tannock 2002). We ...
- Northumbria Research Link
... Specifically, hypoxia results in a depression of synaptic transmission, presumably in those neurons that are not hypoxia resistant, which leads to neurons’ electrophysiological isolation from those neurons that are hypoxia resistant (i.e., no change in activity). Conversely, a brain rich in O2 suppl ...
... Specifically, hypoxia results in a depression of synaptic transmission, presumably in those neurons that are not hypoxia resistant, which leads to neurons’ electrophysiological isolation from those neurons that are hypoxia resistant (i.e., no change in activity). Conversely, a brain rich in O2 suppl ...
Chapter 1
... had focused on language. • At birth, the hemispheres have already started to specialize, with newborns showing greater electrical brain activity in the left hemisphere than the right hemisphere when listening to speech. ...
... had focused on language. • At birth, the hemispheres have already started to specialize, with newborns showing greater electrical brain activity in the left hemisphere than the right hemisphere when listening to speech. ...
Mismatch Negativity: Different Water in the Same River
... scalp topography. When using a nose reference the automatic MMN often reverses its polarity as the active electrode descends below the level of the Sylvian fissure to become a positive wave at the mastoid, whereas the attention-dependent N2b does not [Sams et al., 1990]. The N400 that occurs in resp ...
... scalp topography. When using a nose reference the automatic MMN often reverses its polarity as the active electrode descends below the level of the Sylvian fissure to become a positive wave at the mastoid, whereas the attention-dependent N2b does not [Sams et al., 1990]. The N400 that occurs in resp ...
Measurement of Corpus Callosum in Sudanese Population Using MRI
... Not all functions of the hemispheres are shared. In general, the left hemisphere controls speech, comprehension, arithmetic, and writing. The right hemisphere controls creativity, spatial ability, artistic, and musical skills. The left hemisphere is dominant in hand use and language in about 92% of ...
... Not all functions of the hemispheres are shared. In general, the left hemisphere controls speech, comprehension, arithmetic, and writing. The right hemisphere controls creativity, spatial ability, artistic, and musical skills. The left hemisphere is dominant in hand use and language in about 92% of ...
Serotonergic Integration of Circadian Clock and Ultradian Sleep
... Figure 2. Persistent SCN oscillations in the absence of a diurnal sleep–wake rhythm upon acute depletion of brain 5-HT. A, The SCN circadian MUA is preserved under constant darkness, whereas the circadian sleep rhythm and locomotor activity are severely disrupted following 5-HT depletion (arrowheads ...
... Figure 2. Persistent SCN oscillations in the absence of a diurnal sleep–wake rhythm upon acute depletion of brain 5-HT. A, The SCN circadian MUA is preserved under constant darkness, whereas the circadian sleep rhythm and locomotor activity are severely disrupted following 5-HT depletion (arrowheads ...
Dynamics of spontaneous activity in the cerebral cortex across brain states
... TDX (www.tdx.cat) service and by the UB Digital Repository (diposit.ub.edu) has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrative aims is not authorized nor its spreading and availabil ...
... TDX (www.tdx.cat) service and by the UB Digital Repository (diposit.ub.edu) has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrative aims is not authorized nor its spreading and availabil ...
... However, a recent 10 year follow-up study indicated that 35% of paediatric patients still meet criteria and it’s been estimated that affects between 3 and 7% of adult population. Even thought the exact neurobiological substrate of ADHD still unclear, genetic, preclinical and clinical studies point t ...
Can the meaning of multiple words be integrated unconsciously?
... syntactic violations [26–32]. Although it has been assumed for a long time that such unconscious processes are rather automatic and inflexible, recent studies show they are not [1,33,34]. One of the key criteria for automaticity is independence from top-down (cognitive) influences, and recent studie ...
... syntactic violations [26–32]. Although it has been assumed for a long time that such unconscious processes are rather automatic and inflexible, recent studies show they are not [1,33,34]. One of the key criteria for automaticity is independence from top-down (cognitive) influences, and recent studie ...
Serotonin in the inferior colliculus fluctuates with behavioral state
... variation in the concentration of these proteins, which can lead to regional variation in the magnitude and time course of 5-HT profiles (Dahlin et al., 2007; Gasser et al., 2009; Gehlert et al., 2008). The variability in 5-HT regulatory mechanisms means that in order to determine the conditions in ...
... variation in the concentration of these proteins, which can lead to regional variation in the magnitude and time course of 5-HT profiles (Dahlin et al., 2007; Gasser et al., 2009; Gehlert et al., 2008). The variability in 5-HT regulatory mechanisms means that in order to determine the conditions in ...
Effects of Residual Inhibition Phenomenon on Early Auditory Evoked
... the patients are important factors that may be involved in this reaction. Thus, this neurophysiological process may not be detected by an evaluation of the cerebral function in tinnitus subjects (Mirz et al., 1999). Tinnitus is not a single pathology, but rather a multiform symptom (Guitton, 2006). ...
... the patients are important factors that may be involved in this reaction. Thus, this neurophysiological process may not be detected by an evaluation of the cerebral function in tinnitus subjects (Mirz et al., 1999). Tinnitus is not a single pathology, but rather a multiform symptom (Guitton, 2006). ...
Acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on human brain: gene-environment interactions
... Acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on human brain: gene-environment interactions related to psychiatric disorders Albert Batalla Cases ...
... Acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on human brain: gene-environment interactions related to psychiatric disorders Albert Batalla Cases ...
Neural and cognitive mechanisms underlying human
... retrieval when the environment matches expectations. Although these issues have received extensive treatment in theoretical models, they have been comparatively underexplored in the domain of human cognitive neuroscience. The experiments in this dissertation explore several predictions from this wor ...
... retrieval when the environment matches expectations. Although these issues have received extensive treatment in theoretical models, they have been comparatively underexplored in the domain of human cognitive neuroscience. The experiments in this dissertation explore several predictions from this wor ...
Epileptiform Activity Can Be Initiated in Various Neocortical Layers
... true of neocortical slices from randomly chosen regions including frontal, temporal, and occipital areas. This result indicates that initiation sites for generating epileptiform activity can be formed spontaneously regardless of the region of cortex. The initiation site in each stained cortical slic ...
... true of neocortical slices from randomly chosen regions including frontal, temporal, and occipital areas. This result indicates that initiation sites for generating epileptiform activity can be formed spontaneously regardless of the region of cortex. The initiation site in each stained cortical slic ...
Pansynaptic Enlargement at Adult Cortical
... and 0.76 [0.66–0.79] μm in the z-axis. This decreased to 0.17 [0.16–0.19] μm in the xy plane and 0.48 [0.44–0.53] μm in the z-axis after 10 iterations of deconvolution. The deconvolution software (AutoDeblur) returned not only the image of the deconvolved structures, but also the PSF used for deconv ...
... and 0.76 [0.66–0.79] μm in the z-axis. This decreased to 0.17 [0.16–0.19] μm in the xy plane and 0.48 [0.44–0.53] μm in the z-axis after 10 iterations of deconvolution. The deconvolution software (AutoDeblur) returned not only the image of the deconvolved structures, but also the PSF used for deconv ...
Convergence, Divergence, Pupillary Reactions and
... cutting the internal and the external recti in varying combinations in the two eyes. He was able to obtain direct upward and direct downward movements, as well as movements of convergence. The convergence movements were not constantly present, but were quite distinct. They were obtained from a focus ...
... cutting the internal and the external recti in varying combinations in the two eyes. He was able to obtain direct upward and direct downward movements, as well as movements of convergence. The convergence movements were not constantly present, but were quite distinct. They were obtained from a focus ...
Functional Neuroimaging Insights into the Physiology of Human Sleep
... (NREM) sleep, decreases in brain activity have been consistently found in the brainstem, thalamus, and in several cortical areas including the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), in agreement with a homeostatic need for brain energy recovery. Benefiting from a better temporal resolution, more recent st ...
... (NREM) sleep, decreases in brain activity have been consistently found in the brainstem, thalamus, and in several cortical areas including the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), in agreement with a homeostatic need for brain energy recovery. Benefiting from a better temporal resolution, more recent st ...