Chapter 1
... 1. According to the nineteenth century positivist ideas of Auguste Comte, a. the ability to control nature is evidence that nature has been understood b. truth ultimately lies in metaphysical analysis c. we can never be sure of the reality of anything d. psychology should be the study of consciousne ...
... 1. According to the nineteenth century positivist ideas of Auguste Comte, a. the ability to control nature is evidence that nature has been understood b. truth ultimately lies in metaphysical analysis c. we can never be sure of the reality of anything d. psychology should be the study of consciousne ...
Chap10aAlt
... Learning that turns off the CS but not the shock should reinforce behavior, but doesn’t unless it is related to an innate behavior. Learning varies with the type of response. ...
... Learning that turns off the CS but not the shock should reinforce behavior, but doesn’t unless it is related to an innate behavior. Learning varies with the type of response. ...
The philosophical position that every behavior has a cause is known
... show a weakening of their immune system when exposed to the hospital room where they received chemotherapy – Can we condition increases in immune system? Placebo effects with drugs – If a pill has worked for you before a similar pill (even an inert substance) can not only cure a headache, but actu ...
... show a weakening of their immune system when exposed to the hospital room where they received chemotherapy – Can we condition increases in immune system? Placebo effects with drugs – If a pill has worked for you before a similar pill (even an inert substance) can not only cure a headache, but actu ...
Evolution of Universal Motives
... World-wide: reproduction, bodily comforts, health, specific fears. ...
... World-wide: reproduction, bodily comforts, health, specific fears. ...
Neurons: How the brain communicates
... from spreading to both hemispheres Roger Sperry’s work on split brain patients – Each hemisphere has unique functions and can be autonomous – Hemispheric isolation creates potential for errors Migration of functioning – transfer of functioning that can occur when part of the brain is damaged (mo ...
... from spreading to both hemispheres Roger Sperry’s work on split brain patients – Each hemisphere has unique functions and can be autonomous – Hemispheric isolation creates potential for errors Migration of functioning – transfer of functioning that can occur when part of the brain is damaged (mo ...
Learning Theory and Development of Social
... example, if the child has learned the CER of fear to his own dentist, he may come to fear other dentists too. The fear may even generalise to anyone wearing a white coat, or to the general smell of disinfectant similar to the one the dentist uses. Another phenomenon is discrimination, where the CR c ...
... example, if the child has learned the CER of fear to his own dentist, he may come to fear other dentists too. The fear may even generalise to anyone wearing a white coat, or to the general smell of disinfectant similar to the one the dentist uses. Another phenomenon is discrimination, where the CR c ...
Emotions The issues • Innate or learned? • Voluntary or involuntary
... o Animal: stimulation of the hypothalamus: fear/attack expression (sham rage) o Human: stimulation of amygdala (during neurosurgery): fear experience o Human damage to amygdala: decrease in startle response and emotional memory, Alzheimer’s patients memory for emotional events is impaired and correl ...
... o Animal: stimulation of the hypothalamus: fear/attack expression (sham rage) o Human: stimulation of amygdala (during neurosurgery): fear experience o Human damage to amygdala: decrease in startle response and emotional memory, Alzheimer’s patients memory for emotional events is impaired and correl ...
Document
... • often no memory of a traumatic experience • traumatic experience may not produce phobia ...
... • often no memory of a traumatic experience • traumatic experience may not produce phobia ...
Phobias - Honzoda
... may stem from early childhood experience, when infants begin to process and make sense of facial feautures. The significant aberrations in a clown's face may frighten a child so much that they carry this phobia throughout their adult life. ...
... may stem from early childhood experience, when infants begin to process and make sense of facial feautures. The significant aberrations in a clown's face may frighten a child so much that they carry this phobia throughout their adult life. ...
here
... repeat the action. Unconditioned response (UCR)- A response which is natural and does not need to be This can explain why phobias continue and we do not lose them. learnt. For example, why do people not learn that not every bee is going Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)- Something that triggers a nat ...
... repeat the action. Unconditioned response (UCR)- A response which is natural and does not need to be This can explain why phobias continue and we do not lose them. learnt. For example, why do people not learn that not every bee is going Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)- Something that triggers a nat ...
Phobias project example
... public toilets. The student admitted that he knew his fears were irrational, but felt that he would be in even more “mental anguish” if he did not take these precautions. In later sessions with the therapist, the student’s history revealed previous concerns about his sexual identity. As a child he h ...
... public toilets. The student admitted that he knew his fears were irrational, but felt that he would be in even more “mental anguish” if he did not take these precautions. In later sessions with the therapist, the student’s history revealed previous concerns about his sexual identity. As a child he h ...
Biological Psych Emotions Limbic System Thalamus Hypothalamus
... Learning can occur without it Help regulate hippocampus? Strength of emotion impacts strength of memory Add stress hormone after learn, recall better (at least in rats) What amygdala does Evaluate significance of stimuli Generate emotional responses Generate hormonal secretions Generate autonomic re ...
... Learning can occur without it Help regulate hippocampus? Strength of emotion impacts strength of memory Add stress hormone after learn, recall better (at least in rats) What amygdala does Evaluate significance of stimuli Generate emotional responses Generate hormonal secretions Generate autonomic re ...
Fear
Fear is an emotion induced by a threat perceived by living entities, which causes a change in brain and organ function and ultimately a change in behavior, such as running away, hiding or freezing from traumatic events. Fear may occur in response to a specific stimulus happening in the present, or to a future situation, which is perceived as risk to health or life, status, power, security, or, in the case of humans, wealth or anything held valuable. The fear response arises from the perception of danger leading to confrontation with or escape from/avoiding the threat (also known as the fight-or-flight response), which in extreme cases of fear (horror and terror) can be a freeze response or paralysis. In humans and animals, fear is modulated by the process of cognition and learning. Thus fear is judged as rational or appropriate and irrational or inappropriate. An irrational fear is called a phobia.Psychologists such as John B. Watson, Robert Plutchik, and Paul Ekman have suggested that there is only a small set of basic or innate emotions and that fear is one of them. This hypothesized set includes such emotions as joy, sadness, fright, dread, horror, panic, anxiety, acute stress reaction and anger.Fear is closely related to, but should be distinguished from, the emotion ""anxiety"", which occurs as the result of threats that are perceived to be uncontrollable or unavoidable.The fear response serves survival by generating appropriate behavioral responses, so it has been preserved throughout evolution.