HBsAg II - Roche Canada
... of the external envelope of the hepatitis B virus particle (HBV).1 The blood of persons infected with HBV contains, in addition to intact infectious HBV particles, smaller non-infectious “empty” envelope particles, which are formed in great excess and also contain the hepatitis B surface antigen.2 T ...
... of the external envelope of the hepatitis B virus particle (HBV).1 The blood of persons infected with HBV contains, in addition to intact infectious HBV particles, smaller non-infectious “empty” envelope particles, which are formed in great excess and also contain the hepatitis B surface antigen.2 T ...
Pathogen-Induced Apoptotic Neutrophils Express Heat
... apoptosis in neutrophils represents a pathogenic strategy for microbes to eliminate these key immune cells and use them as “Trojan horses” to enter M. However, in the cited studies, neutrophil apoptosis was induced by age or irradiation; thus, the results may not apply to the very early phase of in ...
... apoptosis in neutrophils represents a pathogenic strategy for microbes to eliminate these key immune cells and use them as “Trojan horses” to enter M. However, in the cited studies, neutrophil apoptosis was induced by age or irradiation; thus, the results may not apply to the very early phase of in ...
Chapter_008
... T cells in the graft are mature and capable of cellmediated destruction tissues within the recipient Not a problem if patient is immunocompetent ...
... T cells in the graft are mature and capable of cellmediated destruction tissues within the recipient Not a problem if patient is immunocompetent ...
Novel tests for diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion: what works and what REVIEW
... have been developed and licensed for diagnosis of latent TB infection. Normally, these tests use peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), but they can be used with pleural fluid mononuclear cells. These assays detect IFN-c secreted by mononuclear cells in response to in vitro stimulation with the ...
... have been developed and licensed for diagnosis of latent TB infection. Normally, these tests use peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), but they can be used with pleural fluid mononuclear cells. These assays detect IFN-c secreted by mononuclear cells in response to in vitro stimulation with the ...
serum-free media for cell culture
... Recent years have seen an increased awareness of foetal sensitivity to pain and growing evidence of resistance to anoxia in mammalian foetuses. Consequently calf foetuses are likely to be alive and have normal brain function during blood collection, and can be expected to experience suffering unti ...
... Recent years have seen an increased awareness of foetal sensitivity to pain and growing evidence of resistance to anoxia in mammalian foetuses. Consequently calf foetuses are likely to be alive and have normal brain function during blood collection, and can be expected to experience suffering unti ...
NIH Public Access Author Manuscript The immune system and cardiac repair Abstract
... The TLRs represent a family of pattern recognition receptors that serve to recognize molecular patterns associated with pathogens and, upon binding of their ligands, induce activation of several kinases and NF-κB. Endogenous ligands from damaged tissues, including heat shock proteins, hyaluronan and ...
... The TLRs represent a family of pattern recognition receptors that serve to recognize molecular patterns associated with pathogens and, upon binding of their ligands, induce activation of several kinases and NF-κB. Endogenous ligands from damaged tissues, including heat shock proteins, hyaluronan and ...
Roles of microglia in brain development, tissue maintenance and
... diverse functions. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that microglia are not only immunocentric, but also neurobiological and can impact neural development and the maintenance of neuronal cell function in both healthy and pathological contexts. In the disease context, there is widespread cons ...
... diverse functions. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that microglia are not only immunocentric, but also neurobiological and can impact neural development and the maintenance of neuronal cell function in both healthy and pathological contexts. In the disease context, there is widespread cons ...
... inserted into the membrane of the infected RBC (IRBC) and is thought to be an immune evasion strategy, possibly evolved to avoid splenic clearance. The best-characterised VSA are encoded by the var genes. This gene family, encompassing about 60 members per genome, encodes the variant protein P. falc ...
Differential Host Immune Responses to Epidemic and Endemic
... endemic strains of S. dysenteriae type 1. Shigellacidal activity of serum from rabbits immunized with epidemic or endemic strains, S. dysenteriae type 1-infected patients, and healthy adult controls from Shigellaendemic and non-endemic regions was measured. Immunogenic cross-reactivity of antibodies ...
... endemic strains of S. dysenteriae type 1. Shigellacidal activity of serum from rabbits immunized with epidemic or endemic strains, S. dysenteriae type 1-infected patients, and healthy adult controls from Shigellaendemic and non-endemic regions was measured. Immunogenic cross-reactivity of antibodies ...
Thesis_Panitz
... natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) [3]. TLR7 and TLR9 can furthermore signal through nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) inducing the expression of costimulatory molecules such as CD80 and CD86 on the cell surface of pDCs and ...
... natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) [3]. TLR7 and TLR9 can furthermore signal through nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) inducing the expression of costimulatory molecules such as CD80 and CD86 on the cell surface of pDCs and ...
Untitled
... that pathogen. In many cases, an adaptive immune response confers lifelong protective immunity to reinfection with the same pathogen. This distinguishes such responses from innate immunity, which, at the time that von Behring and Kitasato discovered antibodies, was known chiefly through the work of ...
... that pathogen. In many cases, an adaptive immune response confers lifelong protective immunity to reinfection with the same pathogen. This distinguishes such responses from innate immunity, which, at the time that von Behring and Kitasato discovered antibodies, was known chiefly through the work of ...
Outlines
... It has been shown that NPY could affect some functions of innate immunity such as phagocytosis, NK cell activity and cytokine release. ...
... It has been shown that NPY could affect some functions of innate immunity such as phagocytosis, NK cell activity and cytokine release. ...
Elevated HMGB1-related interleukin
... immunity play important roles in the host defense against MTB infection [38-43]. In accordance with the findings by Veenstra, et al., we found the absolute WBC, monocytes, and neutrophils counts were significantly higher, but lymphocytes were significantly lower in APTB patients compared to those in ...
... immunity play important roles in the host defense against MTB infection [38-43]. In accordance with the findings by Veenstra, et al., we found the absolute WBC, monocytes, and neutrophils counts were significantly higher, but lymphocytes were significantly lower in APTB patients compared to those in ...
HLA-G - DTU CBS
... The function of HLA / MHC was elucidated in the 1970s (Zinkernagel & Doherty 1974) MHC/HLA molecules present antigen peptides to T cells via the T cell receptor Antigen peptides (eg pathogenes) are recognized in combination with an ...
... The function of HLA / MHC was elucidated in the 1970s (Zinkernagel & Doherty 1974) MHC/HLA molecules present antigen peptides to T cells via the T cell receptor Antigen peptides (eg pathogenes) are recognized in combination with an ...
Leukocyte surface antigen CD47
... IAP and OA3 were shown to be identical to CD47 (Lindberg et al. 1994; Mawby et al. 1994). CD47 is a type I integral membrane protein composed of an extracellular immunoglobulin variable (IgV)-like domain, five membranespanning segments, and an alternatively spliced carboxyterminal cytoplasmic tail ( ...
... IAP and OA3 were shown to be identical to CD47 (Lindberg et al. 1994; Mawby et al. 1994). CD47 is a type I integral membrane protein composed of an extracellular immunoglobulin variable (IgV)-like domain, five membranespanning segments, and an alternatively spliced carboxyterminal cytoplasmic tail ( ...
Glutamine and the bowel
... → intestinal glutamine metabolism: 1. Contribute a nutritionally important portion of intestinal energy generation. 2. As precursor:synthesis of ornithine, cotrulline, proline and arginine. ...
... → intestinal glutamine metabolism: 1. Contribute a nutritionally important portion of intestinal energy generation. 2. As precursor:synthesis of ornithine, cotrulline, proline and arginine. ...
Lipid Biology and Lymphatic Function: A Dynamic Interplay with
... Transplantation of wild-type adipose tissue into these lipoatrophic mice completely reversed the phenotype [51]. During obesity, although adipogenesis occurs, the white adipose tissue also undergoes negative remodelling characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy and followed by death [52]. These structu ...
... Transplantation of wild-type adipose tissue into these lipoatrophic mice completely reversed the phenotype [51]. During obesity, although adipogenesis occurs, the white adipose tissue also undergoes negative remodelling characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy and followed by death [52]. These structu ...
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of this antigen became avail-
... 1) Q: What is the additional benefit of adding the PSA test to DRE in screening for prostate cancer? A: The cancer detection rate is increased by about 50%. The combination of the two tests is a more sensitive and specific index than either test alone. 2) Q: What is the prostate cancer detection rat ...
... 1) Q: What is the additional benefit of adding the PSA test to DRE in screening for prostate cancer? A: The cancer detection rate is increased by about 50%. The combination of the two tests is a more sensitive and specific index than either test alone. 2) Q: What is the prostate cancer detection rat ...
article in press
... USA) at 39 ◦ C in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air with saturated humidity for 24 h. Evaluation of GSH/GSSG measurements were performed in each replicate with the same batch of oocytes. 2.4. GSH/GSSG assay After completion of IVM, the oocytes were stripped of surrounding cumulus cells by repeated pipe ...
... USA) at 39 ◦ C in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air with saturated humidity for 24 h. Evaluation of GSH/GSSG measurements were performed in each replicate with the same batch of oocytes. 2.4. GSH/GSSG assay After completion of IVM, the oocytes were stripped of surrounding cumulus cells by repeated pipe ...
... conductances via CAMP-dependent protein kinase is blocked clones contained the same mutation, an unambiguous consensus by mutations in the CF gene, the cystic fibrosis transmem- sequence could be derived and is reported in Fig. 2. Each of the two brane conductance regulator. A parallel pathway utili ...
Defining the interaction of perforin with calcium and the
... plasma membrane and positioning of monomeric PRF such that it favoured pore formation. Furthermore, we showed that initial interactions between PRF, Ca2 + and the plasma membrane did not trigger either oligomerization or irreversible conformational change within the MACPF domain. ...
... plasma membrane and positioning of monomeric PRF such that it favoured pore formation. Furthermore, we showed that initial interactions between PRF, Ca2 + and the plasma membrane did not trigger either oligomerization or irreversible conformational change within the MACPF domain. ...
Polyclonal B cell response
Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.