Biochemical characterization of the initial steps of the Kennedy
... formed through the action of a phosphatidylserine synthase, is decarboxylated by a phosphatidylserine decarboxylase to form GPEtn. In most eukaryotic cells, GPCho can also be generated from GPEtn by three methylation steps. However, according to the tritryp genomes (http://www.genedb.org), these met ...
... formed through the action of a phosphatidylserine synthase, is decarboxylated by a phosphatidylserine decarboxylase to form GPEtn. In most eukaryotic cells, GPCho can also be generated from GPEtn by three methylation steps. However, according to the tritryp genomes (http://www.genedb.org), these met ...
Molecular and cellular requirements for the
... others insensitive, given that adenylate cyclases are at their most conserved in their catalytic domains. However, there are significant differences in the amino acids surrounding the catalytic aspartates between different isoforms. Ideally, crystal structure comparisons of Ca2+ -sensitive and Ca2+ ...
... others insensitive, given that adenylate cyclases are at their most conserved in their catalytic domains. However, there are significant differences in the amino acids surrounding the catalytic aspartates between different isoforms. Ideally, crystal structure comparisons of Ca2+ -sensitive and Ca2+ ...
幻灯片 1 - 湖北师范学院生命科学学院
... (whose structure was orignally assumed and confirmed by X-ray crystallography later). 2.3.2 Only the L-amino acids have been found in proteins (Disomers have been found only in small peptides of bacteria cell walls and in some peptide antibiotics). 2.3.3 The correlation of structure (or configuratio ...
... (whose structure was orignally assumed and confirmed by X-ray crystallography later). 2.3.2 Only the L-amino acids have been found in proteins (Disomers have been found only in small peptides of bacteria cell walls and in some peptide antibiotics). 2.3.3 The correlation of structure (or configuratio ...
Proton Translocation Coupled to Electron Transfer Reactions in
... mitochondrion into two isolated compartments: the internal matrix and intermembrane space. The outer membrane, which encloses the entire organelle, has a large number of pores formed by the protein porin. Porin contains a relatively large internal channel that makes the outer membrane permeable to a ...
... mitochondrion into two isolated compartments: the internal matrix and intermembrane space. The outer membrane, which encloses the entire organelle, has a large number of pores formed by the protein porin. Porin contains a relatively large internal channel that makes the outer membrane permeable to a ...
Anaerobic respiration with elemental sulfur and with disulfides
... above 10 WM in the growth medium of sulfur-reducing microorganisms growing in the presence of 1 mM HS3 +H2 S at pH s 6. This concentration of polysul¢de sulfur (10 WM) is close to the apparent Km measured with polysul¢de respiration of W. succinogenes [71] (see Table 6). With the assumption that 10 ...
... above 10 WM in the growth medium of sulfur-reducing microorganisms growing in the presence of 1 mM HS3 +H2 S at pH s 6. This concentration of polysul¢de sulfur (10 WM) is close to the apparent Km measured with polysul¢de respiration of W. succinogenes [71] (see Table 6). With the assumption that 10 ...
Amino acid composition of kolomikta actinidia
... preformed amino acids required by mammals (Shimomura et al., 2004). In kolomikta actinidia fruits the amount of BCAA varied from 7.82 to 9.13 g kg-1 and composed 15.73–20.87% of TAA. This value makes only half of the recommended rate, but is three times higher than in kiwifruits which accumulate onl ...
... preformed amino acids required by mammals (Shimomura et al., 2004). In kolomikta actinidia fruits the amount of BCAA varied from 7.82 to 9.13 g kg-1 and composed 15.73–20.87% of TAA. This value makes only half of the recommended rate, but is three times higher than in kiwifruits which accumulate onl ...
Give Me the PHE Facts
... Some clinics differ, but high levels are blood phe levels over 10 mg/dl. ...
... Some clinics differ, but high levels are blood phe levels over 10 mg/dl. ...
Enzyme Mechanisms
... Subtilisin: externals very different from mammalian serine proteases; triad same ...
... Subtilisin: externals very different from mammalian serine proteases; triad same ...
Plant and Soil
... they thrive at a low partial pressure of oxygen, and certain species have their N 2 fixation systems turned off readily by low concentrations of NH 4 . Azospirillum lip@rum is the most studied species of the group. A. lipoferum was first described by Beijerinck (1925) as Spirillum lipoferum, reexami ...
... they thrive at a low partial pressure of oxygen, and certain species have their N 2 fixation systems turned off readily by low concentrations of NH 4 . Azospirillum lip@rum is the most studied species of the group. A. lipoferum was first described by Beijerinck (1925) as Spirillum lipoferum, reexami ...
Nucleotide sequence of the Tn10 encoded tetracycline resistance
... Figure 7 displays the distribution of amino acids grouped according to their polarity in hydrophobic, uncharged polar, acidic, and basic residues. The dominance of hydrophobic amino acids, which make up for 58% of the total, is clearly demonstrated in this figure. With two exceptions they are evenly ...
... Figure 7 displays the distribution of amino acids grouped according to their polarity in hydrophobic, uncharged polar, acidic, and basic residues. The dominance of hydrophobic amino acids, which make up for 58% of the total, is clearly demonstrated in this figure. With two exceptions they are evenly ...
Stunned myocardium—an unfinished puzzle
... stunning in large animals, we probably can. However, troponin degradation and other changes in the myofilaments occur during ischemia and reperfusion. These abnormalities of the myofilaments induce contractile dysfunction. It has been pointed out that such changes may contribute to global LV dysfunc ...
... stunning in large animals, we probably can. However, troponin degradation and other changes in the myofilaments occur during ischemia and reperfusion. These abnormalities of the myofilaments induce contractile dysfunction. It has been pointed out that such changes may contribute to global LV dysfunc ...
papain, a plant enzyme of biological importance
... proteins with broad specificity for peptide bonds, but preference for an amino acid bearing a large hydrophobic side chain at the P2 position while does not accept Val in P1 (Kamphuis et al., 1985). The enzyme has been reported to be generally more stable in hydrophobic solvents and at lower water c ...
... proteins with broad specificity for peptide bonds, but preference for an amino acid bearing a large hydrophobic side chain at the P2 position while does not accept Val in P1 (Kamphuis et al., 1985). The enzyme has been reported to be generally more stable in hydrophobic solvents and at lower water c ...
post- translational modifications
... for the synthesis of PTM peptides and proteins. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) enable the cell to change the properties and activities of proteins after expression. Most of the PTMs are catalyzed by specialized enzymes. Practically all proteinogenic amino acids can be modified, thus PTMs co ...
... for the synthesis of PTM peptides and proteins. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) enable the cell to change the properties and activities of proteins after expression. Most of the PTMs are catalyzed by specialized enzymes. Practically all proteinogenic amino acids can be modified, thus PTMs co ...
Advances in Chemical Protein Modification
... derivatives that are substituted with an electron-donating moiety (ArNHCOR with R = CH3, PEG) employs a genetically encoded 2-naphthol analogue of Tyr (NpOH).38 The coupling is rapid (∼2 h), is selective (NpOH reacts preferentially over Tyr), and requires mild conditions (0 °C and pH 7.0). Francis a ...
... derivatives that are substituted with an electron-donating moiety (ArNHCOR with R = CH3, PEG) employs a genetically encoded 2-naphthol analogue of Tyr (NpOH).38 The coupling is rapid (∼2 h), is selective (NpOH reacts preferentially over Tyr), and requires mild conditions (0 °C and pH 7.0). Francis a ...
Jesse Rabinowitz - National Academy of Sciences
... purified, crystallized, and characterized. A series of comparative studies carried out on the two proteins revealed that they were similar, even though the two bacterial strains have different catabolic pathways. The ferredoxins stimulated acetyl phosphate formation from pyruvate, and both were show ...
... purified, crystallized, and characterized. A series of comparative studies carried out on the two proteins revealed that they were similar, even though the two bacterial strains have different catabolic pathways. The ferredoxins stimulated acetyl phosphate formation from pyruvate, and both were show ...
12659942_three sites - University of Canterbury
... the presence of Tyr, with the rmsd between the unliganded [Protein Data Bank (PDB) code 3NV8] and Tyr-bound (PDB code 2YPP) structures being 0.240 Å (for 5033 atoms). After refinement of the structure, clear continuous electron density corresponding to Tyr was found in both site 2 and site 3 (Fig. S ...
... the presence of Tyr, with the rmsd between the unliganded [Protein Data Bank (PDB) code 3NV8] and Tyr-bound (PDB code 2YPP) structures being 0.240 Å (for 5033 atoms). After refinement of the structure, clear continuous electron density corresponding to Tyr was found in both site 2 and site 3 (Fig. S ...
General introduction - University of Amsterdam
... C. albicans is a polymorphic diploid ascomycete that is a commensal in healthy human hosts, but an opportunistic pathogen when the immune system is weakened. Several clades exist worldwide: North American clades I-III and European and African-specific clades, but no correlation has been found between ...
... C. albicans is a polymorphic diploid ascomycete that is a commensal in healthy human hosts, but an opportunistic pathogen when the immune system is weakened. Several clades exist worldwide: North American clades I-III and European and African-specific clades, but no correlation has been found between ...
PDF
... in silico estimation of the DNA-DNA hybridisation (DDH) value employing the genome-togenome distance calculator (GGDC2.0; [36]) as well as, the calculation of the average nucleotide identity based on Blast (ANIb, [37]) and the regression of the tetranucleotide composition (tetra, [38]). A DDH value ...
... in silico estimation of the DNA-DNA hybridisation (DDH) value employing the genome-togenome distance calculator (GGDC2.0; [36]) as well as, the calculation of the average nucleotide identity based on Blast (ANIb, [37]) and the regression of the tetranucleotide composition (tetra, [38]). A DDH value ...
Identification and characterization of novel interaction
... vorangegangenen Arbeiten lieferten CcpA-Mutationsanalysen Hinweise für differenzielle Aktivitäten einiger CcpA-Punktmutanten, da die Regulation von einigen aber nicht von allen Genen aufgehoben wird und daher auf eine Beteiligung zusätzlicher Interaktionen von CcpA schließen lassen. Zur Identifizier ...
... vorangegangenen Arbeiten lieferten CcpA-Mutationsanalysen Hinweise für differenzielle Aktivitäten einiger CcpA-Punktmutanten, da die Regulation von einigen aber nicht von allen Genen aufgehoben wird und daher auf eine Beteiligung zusätzlicher Interaktionen von CcpA schließen lassen. Zur Identifizier ...
Distinct profiling of antimicrobial peptide families
... families/sub-families) were obtained from the DAMPD database (Sundararajan et al., 2012). All AMPs in DAMPD database were manually curated and experimentally validated to possess antimicrobial activity. The AMPs in the database were classified into families/ sub-families according to their annotatio ...
... families/sub-families) were obtained from the DAMPD database (Sundararajan et al., 2012). All AMPs in DAMPD database were manually curated and experimentally validated to possess antimicrobial activity. The AMPs in the database were classified into families/ sub-families according to their annotatio ...
Functional characterization of the Mycobacterium
... The amplified PCR fragment was inserted between the NdeI and HindIII sites of pET-28b(+) (Novagen). E. coli BL21 Sta (DE3) cells (Invitrogen) were transformed with the resulting plasmids and the purified recombinant protein was used for the PepChip array kinase assay only. In parallel, an 807 bp PCR ...
... The amplified PCR fragment was inserted between the NdeI and HindIII sites of pET-28b(+) (Novagen). E. coli BL21 Sta (DE3) cells (Invitrogen) were transformed with the resulting plasmids and the purified recombinant protein was used for the PepChip array kinase assay only. In parallel, an 807 bp PCR ...
Molecular basis of hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiency
... zyme (CPT I) is localized in the outer-mitochondrial membrane and converts the fatty acyl-CoA ester to its carnitine ester. This carnitine ester is subsequently transported across the mitochondrial inner membrane by CAC which belongs to the mitochondrial carrier family. Once inside the mitochondrial ...
... zyme (CPT I) is localized in the outer-mitochondrial membrane and converts the fatty acyl-CoA ester to its carnitine ester. This carnitine ester is subsequently transported across the mitochondrial inner membrane by CAC which belongs to the mitochondrial carrier family. Once inside the mitochondrial ...
A monoclonal antibody against a carbohydrate
... stained with mAb S5-10 was also detected with mAb S69-4 (Figure 4A and D) indicating that the epitope recognized by mAb S69-4 was constantly expressed in C. psittaci. To see whether other strains of the genus Chlamydophila were detected with mAb S69-4, we tested 11 isolates from infected animals in ...
... stained with mAb S5-10 was also detected with mAb S69-4 (Figure 4A and D) indicating that the epitope recognized by mAb S69-4 was constantly expressed in C. psittaci. To see whether other strains of the genus Chlamydophila were detected with mAb S69-4, we tested 11 isolates from infected animals in ...
FAT/CD36 is located on the outer mitochondrial membrane
... (Figures 2A and 2B). In contrast, PDHE1α (an IMM-specific protein) and β-HAD (a mitochondrial matrix protein) were increased (∼20 and 30 % respectively) following digitonin digestion (Figures 2C and 2D). To ensure constant loading, FAT/CD36 and PDHE1α were run on the same gel and the PVDF membrane w ...
... (Figures 2A and 2B). In contrast, PDHE1α (an IMM-specific protein) and β-HAD (a mitochondrial matrix protein) were increased (∼20 and 30 % respectively) following digitonin digestion (Figures 2C and 2D). To ensure constant loading, FAT/CD36 and PDHE1α were run on the same gel and the PVDF membrane w ...
Enzymes at work
... Ligases join molecules together with covalent bonds in biosynthetic reactions. Such reactions require the input of energy by the concurrent hydrolysis of a diphosphate bond in ATP, a fact which makes this kind of enzyme difficult to apply commercially. ...
... Ligases join molecules together with covalent bonds in biosynthetic reactions. Such reactions require the input of energy by the concurrent hydrolysis of a diphosphate bond in ATP, a fact which makes this kind of enzyme difficult to apply commercially. ...
Western blot
The western blot (sometimes called the protein immunoblot) is a widely used analytical technique used to detect specific proteins in a sample of tissue homogenate or extract. It uses gel electrophoresis to separate native proteins by 3-D structure or denatured proteins by the length of the polypeptide. The proteins are then transferred to a membrane (typically nitrocellulose or PVDF), where they are stained with antibodies specific to the target protein. The gel electrophoresis step is included in western blot analysis to resolve the issue of the cross-reactivity of antibodies.There are many reagent companies that specialize in providing antibodies (both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies) against tens of thousands of different proteins. Commercial antibodies can be expensive, although the unbound antibody can be reused between experiments. This method is used in the fields of molecular biology, immunogenetics and other molecular biology disciplines. A number of search engines, such as CiteAb, Antibodypedia, and SeekProducts, are available that can help researchers find suitable antibodies for use in western blotting.Other related techniques include dot blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry where antibodies are used to detect proteins in tissues and cells by immunostaining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The method originated in the laboratory of Harry Towbin at the Friedrich Miescher Institute. The name western blot was given to the technique by W. Neal Burnette and is a play on the name Southern blot, a technique for DNA detection developed earlier by Edwin Southern. Detection of RNA is termed northern blot and was developed by George Stark at Stanford.