Variability of Wax Ester Fermentation in Natural and Bleached
... cycle with a succinate-semialdehyde shunt. Oxygen is the final acceptor for the electrons resulting from the glucose breakdown and most of the ATP, produced via oxidative phosphorylation gracilis, is able to perform a unique wax ester fermentation, in which the fatty acid synthesis serves as electro ...
... cycle with a succinate-semialdehyde shunt. Oxygen is the final acceptor for the electrons resulting from the glucose breakdown and most of the ATP, produced via oxidative phosphorylation gracilis, is able to perform a unique wax ester fermentation, in which the fatty acid synthesis serves as electro ...
Ch. 9: Cellular Respiration
... Oxidized gram of fat produces more than twice as much ATP as an oxidized gram of carbohydrate BIG PICTURE: What does this mean in terms of YOUR diet? ...
... Oxidized gram of fat produces more than twice as much ATP as an oxidized gram of carbohydrate BIG PICTURE: What does this mean in terms of YOUR diet? ...
Cellular Respiration
... Intermediates from respiratory pathways can be used for anabolism Anabolism (build-up side of metabolism): ...
... Intermediates from respiratory pathways can be used for anabolism Anabolism (build-up side of metabolism): ...
PDF - Agricultural Journals
... reaction, the oxo group is reduced stereospecifically by 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase (EC 1.1.1.100) to the corresponding β-hydroxy ester, i.e. (R)-3-hydroxybutyryl-ACP. The elimination of water in the fifth reaction is catalysed by 3-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.61) and yields trans-α,β-unsatur ...
... reaction, the oxo group is reduced stereospecifically by 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase (EC 1.1.1.100) to the corresponding β-hydroxy ester, i.e. (R)-3-hydroxybutyryl-ACP. The elimination of water in the fifth reaction is catalysed by 3-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.61) and yields trans-α,β-unsatur ...
for growth. fermentation end products and genes required growth of
... constructed by the following procedure. Strain LAB1955, which has a plasmid (erythromycin resistant) integration mutation in narG was previously isolated (15). Chromosomal DNA prepared from LAB1955 cells was digested with BamHI or HindIII, the recognition sites of which flank the narG insert. The di ...
... constructed by the following procedure. Strain LAB1955, which has a plasmid (erythromycin resistant) integration mutation in narG was previously isolated (15). Chromosomal DNA prepared from LAB1955 cells was digested with BamHI or HindIII, the recognition sites of which flank the narG insert. The di ...
Adjeitey_Cyril _Nii-Klu_2013_ thesis
... The etiology of obesity is complex and obesity currently ranks highly amongst diseases that are known to cause major health problems. Currently, 34% of adults in the United States are considered obese which has made obesity a major contributor to disease burden in the United States (22, 107, 108). I ...
... The etiology of obesity is complex and obesity currently ranks highly amongst diseases that are known to cause major health problems. Currently, 34% of adults in the United States are considered obese which has made obesity a major contributor to disease burden in the United States (22, 107, 108). I ...
Metabolic effects of glutamine on insulin sensitivity
... In type 1 diabetes, plasma Gln concentrations are not reduced (39-41). In type 2 diabetes, increased Gln conversion to glucose and to alanine was observed, but decreased oxidation was also demonstrated (42). In a recent elegant clinical study, type 2 diabetes patients, obese individuals, and obese n ...
... In type 1 diabetes, plasma Gln concentrations are not reduced (39-41). In type 2 diabetes, increased Gln conversion to glucose and to alanine was observed, but decreased oxidation was also demonstrated (42). In a recent elegant clinical study, type 2 diabetes patients, obese individuals, and obese n ...
Chapter 18 Glycolysis
... Figure 18.6 The (a) open and (b) closed states of yeast hexokinase. Binding of glucose (green) induces a conformation change that closes the active i site, i as predicted di d b by D Daniel i lK Koshland. hl d The induced fit model for enzymes is discussed on page 409 of the text. ...
... Figure 18.6 The (a) open and (b) closed states of yeast hexokinase. Binding of glucose (green) induces a conformation change that closes the active i site, i as predicted di d b by D Daniel i lK Koshland. hl d The induced fit model for enzymes is discussed on page 409 of the text. ...
THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... A careful examination of this enzyme complex is rewarding in several respects. The PDH complex is a classic, much-studied example of a multienzyme complex in which a series of chemical intermediates remain bound to the enzyme molecules as a substrate is transformed into the final product. Five cofac ...
... A careful examination of this enzyme complex is rewarding in several respects. The PDH complex is a classic, much-studied example of a multienzyme complex in which a series of chemical intermediates remain bound to the enzyme molecules as a substrate is transformed into the final product. Five cofac ...
ETO-Thesis-Final 061214. - JScholarship
... overall and up to 54% protection from HIV infection in the high adherence participants [24]. Additionally, the CAPRISA trial demonstrated no selection for viral strains with enhanced fitness, no impact on the number of viruses transmitted in seroconverted individuals, and protection from herpes simp ...
... overall and up to 54% protection from HIV infection in the high adherence participants [24]. Additionally, the CAPRISA trial demonstrated no selection for viral strains with enhanced fitness, no impact on the number of viruses transmitted in seroconverted individuals, and protection from herpes simp ...
Electrolytes and metabolic disorder.
... Lactate may exceed glucose as oxidative substrate A number of studies support the role of lactate as a preferred oxidative substrate in stressed myocardium [13-16]. Half-molar lactate well-tolerated, & increases CO post-bypass surgery Lactate not harmful – but potentially helpful ...
... Lactate may exceed glucose as oxidative substrate A number of studies support the role of lactate as a preferred oxidative substrate in stressed myocardium [13-16]. Half-molar lactate well-tolerated, & increases CO post-bypass surgery Lactate not harmful – but potentially helpful ...
Human Hepatic d-Aminolaevulinate Synthase
... (Tschudy, Welland, Collins & Hunter, 1964; Marver, Tschudy, Perlroth & Collins, 1966), and there is evidence that depletion of the glycine pool in uiuo can diminish activity of the enzyme in porphyric rats (Piper, Condie & Tephly, 1973). In contrast, when considering liver homogenate, even from such ...
... (Tschudy, Welland, Collins & Hunter, 1964; Marver, Tschudy, Perlroth & Collins, 1966), and there is evidence that depletion of the glycine pool in uiuo can diminish activity of the enzyme in porphyric rats (Piper, Condie & Tephly, 1973). In contrast, when considering liver homogenate, even from such ...
Lactic Acidosis
... delivery capacity of the body, pyruvate is unable to enter the Krebs cycle to produce ATP for cellular energy. Instead it is converted to lactic acid, by which some ATP is produced in compensation, although this is of much lesser degree than that which is obtained from aerobic metabolism, and is at ...
... delivery capacity of the body, pyruvate is unable to enter the Krebs cycle to produce ATP for cellular energy. Instead it is converted to lactic acid, by which some ATP is produced in compensation, although this is of much lesser degree than that which is obtained from aerobic metabolism, and is at ...
Effect of Aminoguanidine (Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor
... The primary structure of PDK was determined for the first time by isolating a cDNA encoding a 48 KDa form of PDK, later termed PDK from a rat heart cDNA library [32]. Based on analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences and crystal structures studies, it had been suggested that PDK does not belong ...
... The primary structure of PDK was determined for the first time by isolating a cDNA encoding a 48 KDa form of PDK, later termed PDK from a rat heart cDNA library [32]. Based on analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences and crystal structures studies, it had been suggested that PDK does not belong ...
Full-Text PDF
... Some cyanobacteria naturally produce small amounts of ethanol under fermentative conditions [66]. However, genetic engineering was necessary to increase the productivity and enable production under photosynthetic conditions. Ethanol production from PCC 7942 [14] has been demonstrated as early as the ...
... Some cyanobacteria naturally produce small amounts of ethanol under fermentative conditions [66]. However, genetic engineering was necessary to increase the productivity and enable production under photosynthetic conditions. Ethanol production from PCC 7942 [14] has been demonstrated as early as the ...
Abnormal Renal and Hepatic Glucose Metabolism in Type 2
... Subjects. Informed written consent was obtained from 15 nondiabetic volunteers (six men, nine women, HbA1C 5.560.1%) and 14 subjects with type 2 diabetes (10 men, four women, HbA1C 8.260.3%) of comparable age (4363 vs. 5062 yr, P 5 0.07) and body mass index (27.861.1 vs. 28.160.9 kg/m2, P 5 0.85). N ...
... Subjects. Informed written consent was obtained from 15 nondiabetic volunteers (six men, nine women, HbA1C 5.560.1%) and 14 subjects with type 2 diabetes (10 men, four women, HbA1C 8.260.3%) of comparable age (4363 vs. 5062 yr, P 5 0.07) and body mass index (27.861.1 vs. 28.160.9 kg/m2, P 5 0.85). N ...
On the role of gut microbiota in intestinal physiology and
... Shottelius)7,8 , which are somewhat easier to maintain given the fact that they reside in an egg and are more independent after hatching. Küster concluded that the GF goats developed similarly to conventionally raised (CONV-R) counterparts, at the longest experimental duration of 35 days under GF co ...
... Shottelius)7,8 , which are somewhat easier to maintain given the fact that they reside in an egg and are more independent after hatching. Küster concluded that the GF goats developed similarly to conventionally raised (CONV-R) counterparts, at the longest experimental duration of 35 days under GF co ...
Central carbon metabolism of Saccharomyces
... action is complemented by the mitochondrial glycine cleavage pathway (GCV) which interconverts glycine into a C1 unit and CO2 [46]. Biosynthesis of proteinogenic amino acids in S. cerevisiae In order to recruit proteinogenic amino acids as probes to study central carbon metabolism [1,4], their biosy ...
... action is complemented by the mitochondrial glycine cleavage pathway (GCV) which interconverts glycine into a C1 unit and CO2 [46]. Biosynthesis of proteinogenic amino acids in S. cerevisiae In order to recruit proteinogenic amino acids as probes to study central carbon metabolism [1,4], their biosy ...
Manipulating redox and ATP balancing for improved production of
... equivalents across various pathways while simultaneously generating all required biosynthetic precursors. E. coli strains lacking ldhA and pflB encoded activities suffer from an inability to synthesize sufficient acetyl-coA, accumulation of pyruvate, and formation of undesired by-products acetate and ...
... equivalents across various pathways while simultaneously generating all required biosynthetic precursors. E. coli strains lacking ldhA and pflB encoded activities suffer from an inability to synthesize sufficient acetyl-coA, accumulation of pyruvate, and formation of undesired by-products acetate and ...
Oxidation and Synthesis of Fatty Acids in Soluble Enzyme Systems
... The fatty acyl CoA is oxidized by a flavoprotein enzyme to the corresponding a-fl unsaturated acyl CoA derivative (25). In turn this unsaturated derivative is hydrated to form the L configurational fi-hydroxyacyl CoA (32). Then a second oxidation takes place at the fl-carbon atom leading to the form ...
... The fatty acyl CoA is oxidized by a flavoprotein enzyme to the corresponding a-fl unsaturated acyl CoA derivative (25). In turn this unsaturated derivative is hydrated to form the L configurational fi-hydroxyacyl CoA (32). Then a second oxidation takes place at the fl-carbon atom leading to the form ...
Lecture 03, NEW - terpenes + polyketides
... - provides a huge number of potential 3D structures - high degree of biological activity (3) Pathways can be elucidated using labeled precursors, such as mevalonate with a 13C at position 2 - carbon NMR experiments reveal where the label ends up in the completed molecule ...
... - provides a huge number of potential 3D structures - high degree of biological activity (3) Pathways can be elucidated using labeled precursors, such as mevalonate with a 13C at position 2 - carbon NMR experiments reveal where the label ends up in the completed molecule ...
Phylogenomic Investigation of Phospholipid Synthesis in Archaea
... and generally respecting the main archaeal taxonomic groups [31]. These results are consistent with the presence of a distinctive archaeal MVA pathway in the last archaeal common ancestor (LACA) and support that different isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis pathways are characteristic of each domain of ...
... and generally respecting the main archaeal taxonomic groups [31]. These results are consistent with the presence of a distinctive archaeal MVA pathway in the last archaeal common ancestor (LACA) and support that different isoprenoid precursor biosynthesis pathways are characteristic of each domain of ...
Glyceroneogenesis
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.