Quercetin Attenuating Doxorubicin Induced Hepatic
... kidney were increased. All the biochemical parameters mentioned above were restored to near normal levels on quercetin administration with doxorubicin. Administration of doxorubicin in rats altered the biochemical parameters but, did not cause much effect on the tissues such as liver, heart and kidn ...
... kidney were increased. All the biochemical parameters mentioned above were restored to near normal levels on quercetin administration with doxorubicin. Administration of doxorubicin in rats altered the biochemical parameters but, did not cause much effect on the tissues such as liver, heart and kidn ...
inclusion of a glycogen regulation mathematical model into a
... While we generally eat infrequently, metabolic processes within our body tightly regulate blood glucose levels. The metabolic system is comprised of various tissues, each of which contains specific regulatory pathways that determine the function of the tissue within the system. ...
... While we generally eat infrequently, metabolic processes within our body tightly regulate blood glucose levels. The metabolic system is comprised of various tissues, each of which contains specific regulatory pathways that determine the function of the tissue within the system. ...
Luminaries - Oxford Academic
... Krebs observed a rapid oxidation of citrate, but interestingly, he identified that citrate was never fully consumed as a substrate, suggesting a capacity for citrate synthesis in this system (Figure 1). In addition, hypoxic conditions (low oxygen) resulted in large amounts of citrate formation in mi ...
... Krebs observed a rapid oxidation of citrate, but interestingly, he identified that citrate was never fully consumed as a substrate, suggesting a capacity for citrate synthesis in this system (Figure 1). In addition, hypoxic conditions (low oxygen) resulted in large amounts of citrate formation in mi ...
Influence of Aerobic and Phototrophic Growth
... Schlegel, 1974, 19-77).As in R . capsdata, all the enzymes of the EDP are present in glucoseand fructose-grown R . sphaeroides (Szymona & Doudoroff, 1960) and are induced by these hexoses (Ohmann, Rindt & Borriss, 1969). Therefore, it seemed likely that the glucose and fructose catabolic pathways wo ...
... Schlegel, 1974, 19-77).As in R . capsdata, all the enzymes of the EDP are present in glucoseand fructose-grown R . sphaeroides (Szymona & Doudoroff, 1960) and are induced by these hexoses (Ohmann, Rindt & Borriss, 1969). Therefore, it seemed likely that the glucose and fructose catabolic pathways wo ...
Influence of Aerobic and Phototrophic Growth
... Schlegel, 1974, 19-77).As in R . capsdata, all the enzymes of the EDP are present in glucoseand fructose-grown R . sphaeroides (Szymona & Doudoroff, 1960) and are induced by these hexoses (Ohmann, Rindt & Borriss, 1969). Therefore, it seemed likely that the glucose and fructose catabolic pathways wo ...
... Schlegel, 1974, 19-77).As in R . capsdata, all the enzymes of the EDP are present in glucoseand fructose-grown R . sphaeroides (Szymona & Doudoroff, 1960) and are induced by these hexoses (Ohmann, Rindt & Borriss, 1969). Therefore, it seemed likely that the glucose and fructose catabolic pathways wo ...
Ammonia, urea production and pH regulation
... of ammonia. Glutamate is released directly from protein, but more importantly it is formed from other amino acids (except lysine and threonine) released from protein breakdown in aminotransferase reactions. Glutamate is directly formed by deamidation of glutamine, and from proline and histidine. Amm ...
... of ammonia. Glutamate is released directly from protein, but more importantly it is formed from other amino acids (except lysine and threonine) released from protein breakdown in aminotransferase reactions. Glutamate is directly formed by deamidation of glutamine, and from proline and histidine. Amm ...
HMG CoA reductase
... molecule that has roles in membrane structure as well as being a precursor for the synthesis of the steroid hormones, bile acids & Vitamin D3 Both dietary cholesterol and that synthesized de novo are transported through the circulation in lipoprotein particles. ...
... molecule that has roles in membrane structure as well as being a precursor for the synthesis of the steroid hormones, bile acids & Vitamin D3 Both dietary cholesterol and that synthesized de novo are transported through the circulation in lipoprotein particles. ...
Physiological implications of class IIa bacteriocin resistance in
... The difference in biomass yields in the different cultures was further investigated by analysing the fermentation products. BHI is a rich medium and, even without an additional free-energy source added to the medium, significant growth was observed. However, the final biomass concentrations were muc ...
... The difference in biomass yields in the different cultures was further investigated by analysing the fermentation products. BHI is a rich medium and, even without an additional free-energy source added to the medium, significant growth was observed. However, the final biomass concentrations were muc ...
Fructokinase (Fraction III)of Pea Seeds
... some assays when the MgATP concentration was 2 mM. In separate experiments it was found that UDP was less inhibitory than ADP: under conditions of the standard assay, 1.5 mM MgUDP inhibited pea seed fructokinase III by 10%. Effect of Metabolites. Both glucose-6-P (final concentration 6 mm) and fruct ...
... some assays when the MgATP concentration was 2 mM. In separate experiments it was found that UDP was less inhibitory than ADP: under conditions of the standard assay, 1.5 mM MgUDP inhibited pea seed fructokinase III by 10%. Effect of Metabolites. Both glucose-6-P (final concentration 6 mm) and fruct ...
kbook or W METABOLIC DISEASE
... bodies cannot sufficiently make on its own. To be considered an essential nutrient a substance must have these characteristics: ■■ It must have a specific biological function (ex: dietary iron is used to carry oxygen on red blood cells) ■■ Removing it from the diet would lead to a decline in biologi ...
... bodies cannot sufficiently make on its own. To be considered an essential nutrient a substance must have these characteristics: ■■ It must have a specific biological function (ex: dietary iron is used to carry oxygen on red blood cells) ■■ Removing it from the diet would lead to a decline in biologi ...
Glycogen
... (2) Glycogen debranching enzyme—transfers the terminal three glucose residues (in the context of a trisaccharide unit) of the 4-mer limit branches to the nonreducing end of another branch (thereby enabling glycogen phosphorylase to finish off glycosidic bonds that it otherwise cannot access)—the enz ...
... (2) Glycogen debranching enzyme—transfers the terminal three glucose residues (in the context of a trisaccharide unit) of the 4-mer limit branches to the nonreducing end of another branch (thereby enabling glycogen phosphorylase to finish off glycosidic bonds that it otherwise cannot access)—the enz ...
Module 3
... 64. Who synthesized uric acid artificially from glycine and urea in 1882: A. German scientist Veller B. German scientist Fisher C. Polish-Russian scientist Nenskiy D. Austrian physiologist Maresh E. * Ukrainian scientist I. Horbachevskiy 65. Why constant excessive consumption of meat and glandular t ...
... 64. Who synthesized uric acid artificially from glycine and urea in 1882: A. German scientist Veller B. German scientist Fisher C. Polish-Russian scientist Nenskiy D. Austrian physiologist Maresh E. * Ukrainian scientist I. Horbachevskiy 65. Why constant excessive consumption of meat and glandular t ...
Fermentation metabolism and its evolution in algae
... products are acetate, ethanol, and formate, with moderate levels of succinate (Belaich and Belaich, 1976). However, as the pH becomes more acidic, cells produce lactate instead of acetate and formate (Bunch et al., 1997). The conversion of acetyl-CoA to acetate is catalyzed by the phosphoacetyltrans ...
... products are acetate, ethanol, and formate, with moderate levels of succinate (Belaich and Belaich, 1976). However, as the pH becomes more acidic, cells produce lactate instead of acetate and formate (Bunch et al., 1997). The conversion of acetyl-CoA to acetate is catalyzed by the phosphoacetyltrans ...
Amino Acid Catabolism: C
... Carbon skeletons of ketogenic amino acids are degraded to: acetyl-CoA, or acetoacetate. Acetyl CoA, & its precursor acetoacetate, cannot yield net production of oxaloacetate, the gluconeogenesis precursor. For every 2-C acetyl residue entering Krebs Cycle, 2 C leave as CO2. Carbon skeletons of ...
... Carbon skeletons of ketogenic amino acids are degraded to: acetyl-CoA, or acetoacetate. Acetyl CoA, & its precursor acetoacetate, cannot yield net production of oxaloacetate, the gluconeogenesis precursor. For every 2-C acetyl residue entering Krebs Cycle, 2 C leave as CO2. Carbon skeletons of ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Biotin Conclusion and Discussion
... • allows biotin to move from one active site to ...
... • allows biotin to move from one active site to ...
Amino Acid Catabolism: C
... Carbon skeletons of ketogenic amino acids are degraded to: acetyl-CoA, or acetoacetate. Acetyl CoA, & its precursor acetoacetate, cannot yield net production of oxaloacetate, the gluconeogenesis precursor. For every 2-C acetyl residue entering Krebs Cycle, 2 C leave as CO2. Carbon skeletons of ...
... Carbon skeletons of ketogenic amino acids are degraded to: acetyl-CoA, or acetoacetate. Acetyl CoA, & its precursor acetoacetate, cannot yield net production of oxaloacetate, the gluconeogenesis precursor. For every 2-C acetyl residue entering Krebs Cycle, 2 C leave as CO2. Carbon skeletons of ...
Heterotrophic cultures
... In a broad sense, all organisms, including microalgae, use the same metabolic pathways for respiration. As expected, the metabolism of microalgae generally resembles, with only minor differences, that of higher plants. However, it is impossible to precisely predict which specific substrates can be u ...
... In a broad sense, all organisms, including microalgae, use the same metabolic pathways for respiration. As expected, the metabolism of microalgae generally resembles, with only minor differences, that of higher plants. However, it is impossible to precisely predict which specific substrates can be u ...
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
... brasiliense, A. lipoferum, and A. amazonense strains showed a species-specific pattern of response toward glutamate, histidine, alanine, and serine (Table 1). A. lipoferum strains grew very well on these amino acids as the sole nitrogen and carbon sources and excreted high amounts of ammonium into t ...
... brasiliense, A. lipoferum, and A. amazonense strains showed a species-specific pattern of response toward glutamate, histidine, alanine, and serine (Table 1). A. lipoferum strains grew very well on these amino acids as the sole nitrogen and carbon sources and excreted high amounts of ammonium into t ...
Metabolism of acyl‐lipids in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
... et al., 2012; Nguyen et al., 2013; Pflaster et al., 2014), and the composition and biosynthesis of FA in this organism was determined initially and investigated experimentally in the late 1980s (Giroud and Eichenberger, 1988; Giroud et al., 1988). Chlamydomonas FA compositions share features typical ...
... et al., 2012; Nguyen et al., 2013; Pflaster et al., 2014), and the composition and biosynthesis of FA in this organism was determined initially and investigated experimentally in the late 1980s (Giroud and Eichenberger, 1988; Giroud et al., 1988). Chlamydomonas FA compositions share features typical ...
Lactic Acidosis
... Drugs that impair oxidative phosphorylation, such as antiretroviral agents and propofol, can augment lactic acid production and on rare occasions cause severe lactic acidosis. Patients receiving these drugs should be monitored carefully. The liver accounts for up to 70% of wholebody lactate clearanc ...
... Drugs that impair oxidative phosphorylation, such as antiretroviral agents and propofol, can augment lactic acid production and on rare occasions cause severe lactic acidosis. Patients receiving these drugs should be monitored carefully. The liver accounts for up to 70% of wholebody lactate clearanc ...
Ecstasy-induced toxicity in rat liver
... included increased triglyceride and cholesterol levels and an increase in all enzyme activities 6 h post administration. The toxic effect of MDMA was also observed in other hepatic processes. Gly'cogen content showed a marked decrease, which was accompanied by' a decrease in serum glucose levels. No ...
... included increased triglyceride and cholesterol levels and an increase in all enzyme activities 6 h post administration. The toxic effect of MDMA was also observed in other hepatic processes. Gly'cogen content showed a marked decrease, which was accompanied by' a decrease in serum glucose levels. No ...
Mitochondrial trans-2-Enoyl-CoA Reductase of Wax Ester
... anaerobic conditions. Using NADH, the recombinant enzyme accepted crotonyl-CoA (km ⴝ 68 M) and trans-2hexenoyl-CoA (km ⴝ 91 M). In the crotonyl-CoA-dependent reaction, both NADH (km ⴝ 109 M) or NADPH (km ⴝ 119 M) were accepted, with 2–3-fold higher specific activities for NADH relative to NADPH. ...
... anaerobic conditions. Using NADH, the recombinant enzyme accepted crotonyl-CoA (km ⴝ 68 M) and trans-2hexenoyl-CoA (km ⴝ 91 M). In the crotonyl-CoA-dependent reaction, both NADH (km ⴝ 109 M) or NADPH (km ⴝ 119 M) were accepted, with 2–3-fold higher specific activities for NADH relative to NADPH. ...
Respiratory enzyme activity and regulation of respiration pathway in
... d of recovery after water drainage. Non-waterlogged seedlings were regarded as control during this experiment. All waterlogged seedlings were averagely divided into two parts after the formation of adventitious roots. The first and second treatment groups contain seedlings with retained and removed ...
... d of recovery after water drainage. Non-waterlogged seedlings were regarded as control during this experiment. All waterlogged seedlings were averagely divided into two parts after the formation of adventitious roots. The first and second treatment groups contain seedlings with retained and removed ...
Indexing Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Flux in Intact Hearts by Carbon
... necessarily equal, to total TCA cycle flux. This approach to TCA cycle flux calculation is based on the time difference between the appearance of tracer in various positions of the same TCA cycle-derived metabolite and is, therefore, independent of substrate-tracer input considerations. For instance ...
... necessarily equal, to total TCA cycle flux. This approach to TCA cycle flux calculation is based on the time difference between the appearance of tracer in various positions of the same TCA cycle-derived metabolite and is, therefore, independent of substrate-tracer input considerations. For instance ...
Carnitine Acetyltransferase and Mitochondrial Acetyl
... Moreover, acetyl-CoA has been shown to stimulate the activity of PDH kinases, which phosphorylate and inhibit PDH (Sugden and Holness 2006). In addition to ...
... Moreover, acetyl-CoA has been shown to stimulate the activity of PDH kinases, which phosphorylate and inhibit PDH (Sugden and Holness 2006). In addition to ...
Glyceroneogenesis
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.