Download Development Vocab Matching

VOCABULARY
DEVELOPMENT
Task: Write the terms below with their definitions in the table below. Then add any key takeaways or examples.
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Key Issue 1 Vocabulary:
Big Three consumer goods
Development
Five demographic
indicators of development
GDP per capita
globalization
Gross Domestic Product
(GDP)
Gross National Income
(GNI)
Gross National Product
(GNP)
Human Development Index
(HDI)
informal economy
Term
○ Less Developed Country
(LDC)
○ literacy rate
○ More Developed Country
(MDC)
○ primary sector
○ productivity
○ quaternary sector
○ secondary sector
○ tertiary sector
○ Three health/welfare
indicators of development
○ Key Issue 2 AND 3
Vocabulary:
○ Brandt Line (aka NorthSouth split)
○ Gender Related
Development Index (GDI)
○ Gender Empowerment
Measure (GEM)
○ Key Issue 4 Vocabulary:
○ Self Sufficiency Approach
○ import substitution
○ International Trade
Approach
○ Four Asian Dragons/Tigers
○ Rostow's Modernization
Model of Development
(aka Rostow's Ladder to
Development)
○ Wallertstein's World
Systems Theory
Definition
Key Issue 1: Why does Development Vary Among Countries?
1.
The process of improving the material conditions of people
through the diffusion of knowledge and technology.
2.
A country that has moved further along the continuum of
development. (aka: (relatively) developed country.)
3.
A country at the lower (earlier?) end of the development
continuum. (aka: "developing" or "emerging" country)
○ Traditional Society
(Rostow stage 1)
○ Foreign direct investment
(FDI)
○ Structural Adjustment
Program
○ Fair Trade
○ U.N. Millennium
Development Goals
○ stucturalist theory /
neocolonialism /
Dependency Theory
○ sustainable development
○ obstacles to development
○ micro-credit programs
○ maquiladoras
○ commodity chain
Key Takeaway/Examples/Notes
4.
The expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes to
the point that they become global in scale and impact.
5.
A United Nations indicator of level of development based on
income, literacy, education, and life expectancy.
6.
The total value of officially recorded goods and services
produced by citizens of a country both inside and outside a
country's territory.
7.
The total value of officially recorded goods and services
produced within a country, usually measured over the course of
a year.
8.
The value of the total value of goods and services produced in a
country divided by the population. This shows the average
contribution made by individuals to a country's wealth in a year.
9.
The value of everything produced in a country plus income
received from other countries minus payments to other
countries.
10.
The uncounted or illegal economy that governments do not tax
and keep track of.
11.
The portion of an economy concerned with the direct extraction
of materials from earth's surface, including agriculture, mining,
fishing, and forestry.
12.
The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing
useful products through processing, transforming, and
assembling raw materials.
13.
The portion of the economy concerned with providing goods
and services for payment. This includes retail sales, banking,
education, law, etc.
14.
Service sector industries concerned with the collection,
processing, and manipulation of information and capital.
Examples include finance, administration, insurance, and legal
services.
15.
The value of a particular product compared to the amount of
labor needed to make it. Often measured by value added (the
value of a product minus costs of raw materials and energy that
went into it.)
16.
Cars, telephones computers are key indicators of development
because they are vital to the productivity and efficiency of an
economy.
17.
The percentage of a nation's population that can read and write.
18.
Daily calorie and protein consumption, % of GDP spent on health care,
public assistance programs (to protect those unable to work or care for
themselves.
19.
Life expectancy, Dependency Ratio, Infant Mortality Rate,
Natural Increase Rate, and Crude Birth Rate
Key Issue 2: Where are MDCs and LDCs located?
20.
An imaginary line circling the globe about at 30° N latitude which divide
most MDCs (north of the line) from most LDCs (south of the line).
Key Issue 3: Where Does Level of Development Vary by Gender?
21.
A U.N. indicator of the level of women's development in a
country based on the HDI factors as compared to that of both
sexes.
22.
A U.N. indicator of the measuring the ability of women to
participate in economic and political decision making in a
country.
Key Issue 4: Why Do LDCs Face Obstacles to Development?
23.
An approach to development that promotes development in a
country by spreading investment throughout all areas of a
country and all sectors of an economy and by shielding
domestic (inside the country) industries from foreign
competition.
24.
The government policy, typically part of a Self Sufficiency
Approach to development, of encouraging local manufacturers
to produce goods to replace imports.
25.
An approach to development that promotes development in a
country by developing only one or a few local industries in
which the country may have a competitive advantage and then
selling the resulting products on the world market. Money from
these sales can then be used to fund further development.
26.
A term used to refer to four Asian countries (South Korea,
Singapore, Taiwan, and Hong Kong) who achieved rapid
development despite a relative lack of natural resources by
concentrating on producing only a few manufactured goods
(mostly clothing and electronics). As such they were early
adopters of the International Trade Approach.
27.
A model of development that maintains that all countries go
through the same five stages of development which lead to selfsustaining economic growth and high levels of mass
consumption. The five stages are:
1. Traditional Society (subsistence farming (live off land with
little or no surplus), low technology), 2. Preconditions for
Takeoff (an elite group innovates and diversifies the economy),
3. Takeoff (a few areas of economy receive technical advances
and grow rapidly),
4. Drive to Maturity (technology diffuses throughout economy,
incomes rise, and
5. Mass Consumption (production shifts from heavy industry
(steel, energy) to consumer goods and service industries.
28.
A theory created by Immanuel Wallerstein that views the world
economy as one interconnected capitalist market with a three
tier structure:
1. Core: higher levels of education, higher salaries, higher levels
of technology. The core gains power by exploiting the semiperiphery and periphery. Exploited by the core.
2. Periphery: lover levels of education, , lower salaries, less
technologies.
3. Semi-periphery: places were both core and periphery
processes are taking place simultaneously. The periphery is
exploited by the core but exploits the periphery.
29.
A society in which the dominant activity is subsistence farming
and technology is slow to change.
30.
Investment made by a foreign company in the economy of
another country.
31.
Economic policies imposed on less developed countries by
international agencies to create conditions encouraging
international trade, such as raising taxes, reducing government
spending, controlling inflation, selling publicly owned utilities to
private corporations, and charging citizens more for services.
32.
An alternative to international trade that emphasizes small
businesses and worker-owned and democratically run
cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages,
permit unionization, and comply with minimum environmental
and safety standards.
33.
A set of eight goals set by the U.N. to reduce the disparity of
wealth and development between MDCs and LDCs. They focus
on poverty, primary education, gender equality, child mortality,
maternal health, HIV/AIDS, environmental sustainability, and
aide from MDCs to LDCs.
34.
A group of theories that maintain that MDCs continue to control
LDCs even though the poorer LDCs have officially gained their
independence and that the concentration of wealth in MDCs
make it difficult for LDCs to improve their economic situation.
35.
A pattern of resource use that aims to meet human needs while
preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not
only in the present, but also for generations to come.
36.
Exploitation by MDCs, malnutrition, natural disasters (without
preparedness), desertification, climate change, high population
growth, lack of education, foreign debt, corrupt governments,
political instability, disease (i.e. AIDS, malaria (150,000 children
dead per month!).
37.
Programs which offer small loans to poor people, especially
women, to encourage the development of small businesses.
38.
An example of an Export Processing Zone (EPZ) on Mexico's
northern border with the United States. These are special zones
within a country which offer favorable tax or trade to foreign
companies.
39.
A series of links connecting the many places involved in the
production and distribution of a product for sale in the global
marketplace.
Additional Notes: