Download Answers to Final Exam – Study Guide

Answers to Final Exam – Study Guide
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The metric prefix kilo- means 1000
The shape of the orbits of the planets are elliptical
The formula for force is mass x acceleration
The metric unit for mass is the kilogram or gram
Hydraulics and the reason we can have water and gas pumped to our house is explained by Pascal’s
Principle
6. The upward force found in all fluids is called buoyant force
7. Draw a waning crescent moon
8. The upward force caused by a fluid moving over a curved surface is called lift
9. The metric unit for pressure is the pascal, Pa or N/m2
10. An object will float if its ___ is less than the ___ of the fluid it is placed in. density
WRITE THE APPROPRIATE UNIT FOR THE FOLLOWING QUANTITIES
11. PRESSURE _____pascal_______
12. WEIGHT _____newton__________
13. MASS _____kilogram_______
14. VOLUME _____liter or meter3________
15. DENSITY _____g/mL_________
16. The motion of an object spinning on it’s own axis is called rotation
17. The formula for pressure is force/area
18. An astronomical unit (AU) is the distance from the Earth to the Sun
19. Gravity is a force of attraction that decreases as an object’s mass decreases or distance increases
20. Draw a waxing crescent moon
FOR questions #21-27
A green 6.573 N sphere is placed in a blue fluid and displaces 348.51 mL of the fluid. The fluid has
a density of 3.7 g/cm3.
21. What is the mass of the sphere?
22. What is the weight of the sphere? 6.573 N
23. What is the volume of the sphere? 348.51 mL
24. What is the density of the sphere?
25. What is the weight of the displaced fluid?
26. What is the buoyant force of the fluid?
27. When placed in the blue fluid the green sphere will
28. The distance that light travels in one year is called a(n) light-year
29. The smallest particle of matter is called a(n) atom
30. The types of matter that are considered to be fluids are gases and liquids
31. The large dark cool areas of the sun’s surface are called sunspots
32. The reason that objects float and sink are explained by Archimedes’s Principle
33. The metric unit for volume is the liter or meter3
34. When Luna travels into the Earth’s shadow a _______lunar eclipse_________occurs
35. The layer of the sun that emits light is called the photosphere
36. Floating rocks in space are called _______asteroids__________ or ______meteoroids____________
37. Nuclear fusion on the sun occurs in the layer called the core
38. Velocity is different from speed because velocity indicates ____direction___ and speed does not.
39. Stars and planets form in a(n) nebula
40. Space rocks that land on the Earth’s surface are called a(n) meteorites
41. The layer of the sun that is considered to be the surface is called the photosphere
42. The formula for Momentum is mass x velocity
43. Balls of ice, rock and dust orbiting the sun are called comets
44. The particle without a charge in an atom is called a(n)
neutron
45. If a planet is rotating counter clockwise it is said to have retrograde rotation
46. The layer of the sun that gives it its color is called chromosphere
For questions #47-52
A yellow 486.93 Kg box that is 6.50 long, 4.70 m wide and 3.80 m high is sitting on a table.
47. What is the mass of the box? 486.93 Kg
48. What is the weight of the box?
49. What is the area of the side of the box sitting on the table?
50. What is the volume of the box?
51. What is the density of the box?
52. How much pressure is the box exerting on the table?
53. Under normal conditions water has a density of 1.0 g/mL or 1.0g/cm3
54. Draw the first quarter phase of the moon.
55. In science an educated guess is called a(n) hypothesis
56. If an object is not moving it is experiencing _____static_____ friction.
57. The metric unit that means 0.01 times a unit is centi
58. In science, a test of an educated guess is called a(n) experiment
59. A 3962 N rock falls off of a cliff. If it falls for 6.8 seconds, the rock mass is 404.29 Kg
60. ___Bernoulli’s Principle________ explains why airplanes, birds and Frisbees can fly
61. Draw a waxing gibbous phase of the moon.
62. The negatively charged particle in an atom is called a(n) electron
63. A force that opposes motion is called friction
64. The type of high tide that occurs when the earth, the moon and the sun are all lined up is called a
spring tide
65. An object thrown upward into the air experiences negative acceleration called deceleration
66. Draw the third quarter of the moon.
67. The point on a planet’s or comet’s orbit where it is the farthest away from the Sun is called the
aphelion
68. When Luna blocks our view of the Sun what occurs? Solar eclipse
69. The tendency of an object to maintain its state of motion is called inertia
70. Newton’s ___3rd___ La w of Motion states that for every action there is an equal but opposite reaction.
71. The measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object is called weight
72. The type of high tide that occurs when the earth, the moon and the sun are at a right angle to each other
is called a neap tide
73. A 3962 N rock falls off of a cliff. If it falls for 6.8 seconds, the rock will weigh 3962 N
74. Newton’s ____1st____ La w of Motion states that an object at rest will remain at rest and an object in
motion will remain in motion until acted upon by an unbalanced force
75. Draw a waning gibbous phase of the moon.
76. Under normal conditions water will freeze at 0o Celsius or 273 K
77. The state of matter that does not have a definite shape or volume is
gas
78. The positively charged particle in an atom is called a(n) proton
79. If an object has a density of 2.71 g/mL, it will _____sink____ in water.
80. The point on a planet’s or comet’s orbit where it is closest to the Sun is called the
81. What is the net force applied to the box?
18 N right
perihelion
25N
12N
19N
82. The rate at which an object changes its velocity is called acceleration
83. The type of friction that an airplane that is flying experiences is called fluid friction
84. The property of a moving object that depends on its mass and velocity is called momentum
85. The two components of all forces are magnitude and direction
86. Large dark areas on the surface of the moon are called sunspots
87. What type of star is Sol considered to be
yellow or main sequence
88. What colored stars are the hottest? blue
89. On Earth the acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s/s
90. A football shaped collection of millions of stars is called a(n) elliptical galaxy
91. 149.85 cm3 is equal to ____149.85__ mL
92. A rainbow of colors that comes from white light passing through a prism is called a spectrum
93. The formula for speed is distance/time
94. The apparent movement of stars that are closer to us than those that are farther away, when we look at
them from different points in our orbit is called parallax
95. The Milky Way galaxy is a(n) spiral galaxy
96. In the northern hemisphere, the two days of the year that has equal hours of sunlight and darkness are
called the vernal and autumnal equinoxes
97. The speed of light is
300,000 m/s or 300 Km/s
98. True or False - Apparent magnitude and absolute magnitude are the same thing false
99. Our Sun is considered to be a ______yellow__________ star
100. The formula for acceleration is
(final velocity – initial velocity) / time
o
101. The metric unit for temperature is the
Celsius or Kelvin
102. What color are the coldest stars red
103. The metric prefix milli means
0.001
104. When a star explodes, it is said to have gone nova or supernova
105. A star that is very small and has so much gravity that electromagnetic energy cannot escape its surface
is called a blackhole
106. The backwards force acting on an airplane that is flying is called drag
107. If Star A is 24 light –years away and Star B is 120 light –years away, but they both have the same
apparent magnitude, Star B’s absolute magnitude is ____25____times larger than Star A’s.
108. Which star is the brightest?
a. Star A has a magnitude of -7.3,
b. Star B has a magnitude of 3.2,
c. Star C has a magnitude of -2.7
d. Star D has a magnitude -6.2
e. star E has a magnitude of 8.4
109. A very high energy object in space that is very far away is called a quasar
110. Space rocks flying thought Earth’s atmosphere are called
meteors
111. A small high energy star that is very old is called a neutron star
112. The metric unit for measuring distance is the meter
113. A spinning neutron star is called a pulsar
114. The metric unit for mass is the kilogram or gram
115. In the northern hemisphere, the day that has the most hours of sunlight is called the summer solstice
116. The metric prefix that means 10 times the unit is deka
117. The quantity that is the same no matter where you go in the universe is mass
118. The largest cool stars are red supergiants
119. The region of an atom that contains the positive and neutral particles is the nucleus
120. If a planet is rotating clockwise it is said to have retrograde rotation
121. Explain what is responsible for the seasons on Earth ____because of the tilt of the Earth’s axis the
northern and southern hemispheres heat up unequally causing the the northern hemisphere to be hotter
when it is tilted towards the sun and the southern hemisphere to be colder when it is pointed away from
the sun; thus a northern summer and a southern winter. When it is tilted the other way just the opposite
occurs.
122. Explain what causes lift _________ as air moves over the curved surface of a wing, the air above the
wing is moving faster than the air under the wing. According to Bernoulli’s principle, the faster moving
air creates an area of lower pressure and because of the different levels of pressure it causes the wing to
be pushed up from below
123. Explain the relationship between the size of the moon with its surface gravity, lack of atmosphere and
extremes in temperature. ____since the moon is so small, it has very little surface gravity. Since it has
very little surface gravity it cannot hold onto its atmosphere. And since it has no atmosphere the dark
sides of the moon are very cold and the illuminated side of the moon is very hot
124. Explain the progression of a star from its formation to its destruction. ____a star starts off as a cloud of
dust and gas called a nebula. As the nebula cools off it starts clumping together as a protostar. Once
nuclear fusion is instigated it becomes a star. If it is a large star it will grow to become a red supergiant
and then eventually will explode in a supernova and become either a neutron star or a blackhole.
125. Explain the relationship between speed, velocity and acceleration. _____speed is defined as the rate at
which distance changes over time, velocity is speed with a direction and acceleration is the rate at which
velocity (either speed or direction) changes