Download WORLD HISTORY FINAL EXAM REVIEW EARLY CIVILIZATIONS

WORLD HISTORY
FINAL EXAM REVIEW
EARLY CIVILIZATIONS
1. What was the most important geographic feature of Egypt?
2. What was the result of the annual flooding of the Nile River?
3. What official headed the government of Egypt?
4. The Egyptian and Sumerian practice of worshiping many gods was called?
5. What type of religion did the Hebrews practice? Who is considered the father of the Hebrews?
6. What was Hammurabi’s Code? What principle was it based on?
7. What was the largest of the Fertile Crescent empires?
8. What was the primary occupation of the Phoenicians?
ANCIENT GREECE
9. What geographic feature isolated communities in ancient Greece?
10. What was the Agora in Greek city-states?
11. What was Spartan life centered around?
12. Who wrote the two epic poems Iliad and Odyssey?
13. What was the name of the temple that honored Athena and stood on top of the acropolis of Athens?
14. What were the Persian Wars? What happened at the Battle of Thermopylae?
15. What were the Peloponnesian Wars?
16. Identify: Pericles, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
ANCIENT ROME
17. Who was the first emperor of the Roman Empire?
18. What type of government did the Romans establish in 509 B.C.?
19. How was Roman society divided in the early Republic?
20. What were the Twelve Tables?
21. Who led the Carthaginian forces during the second Punic War?
22. What role did Julius Caesar play in Roman history?
23. Who was Augustus Caesar (Octavian)?
24. What was the period of Roman peace that lasted 200 years called?
25. Who was mainly responsible for the spread of Christianity throughout the Mediterranean region?
26. What were the major accomplishments and characteristics of the Emperor Constantine?
27. What were the main reasons for the decline of the Roman Empire?
BYZANTINE EMPIRE, EARLY RUSSIA AND ISLAM
28. What was the capital city of the Byzantine Empire? Where was it located?
29. What did the Church become known as in the east following its split the Church in Rome in 1054?
30. Who was the greatest emperor of the Byzantine Empire? What was his legal code known as?
31. The Byzantine Empire preserved the culture of?
32. What group captured Constantinople and ended the Byzantine Empire in 1453?
33. Who began the religion of Islam? When did it begin?
34. Where was Mohammed forced to flee when he began his preaching in Mecca?
EARLY MEDIEVAL EUROPE
35. What period did Europe enter following the fall of the Roman Empire in 476?
36. What were the ways that the Church could enforce its authority?
37. What were the functions of monasteries?
38. Who were the Vikings? How did they affect medieval Europe?
39. Why did feudalism rise as a way of life in medieval Europe? What were the major aspects of this system?
40. What important English document did King John sign in 1215? What was its purpose? What were the main parts of this
document?
41. What were the main problems of the Medieval Church?
42. What family ruled the Holy Roman Empire for centuries beginning in 1437?
43. Who introduced and spread Christianity throughout Ireland?
44. What was the main reason for the Hundred Year Wars?
45. What two weapons did the English develop during the Hundred Year Wars?
46. What were the Crusades?
47. Identify: Clovis, Charlemagne, Joan of Arc, William the Conqueror
RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION
48. Where did the Renaissance begin?
49. Who was Michelangelo? What was he most known for?
50. Who was Leonardo da Vinci? What were his most famous works?
51. Who was Thomas More? What did he write?
52. Who was Rembrandt? What was he known for?
53. Who was Martin Luther? When and why did he challenge the Church? What were the 95 Thesis?
54. Who was John Calvin? What was Predestination?
55. What were French Calvinists known as?
56. Why did King Henry VIII of England break from the Roman Catholic Church?
57. What was the Act of Supremacy?
ABSOLUTISM TO REVOLUTION
58. Who was the English monarch that led England to its greatest heights?
59. What major event occurred in 1588 during the reign Elizabeth I that led to England becoming the world’s greatest sea
power?
60. What was Divine right rule?
61. What was the cause of the English Civil War? Who was Oliver Cromwell?
62. What did England become following the execution of King Charles I in 1649?
63. What was the Glorious Revolution?
64. As England developed a democracy, what governmental body gained strength?
65. What dynasty formed by Henry IV in 1589, ruled France for 200 years?
66. What colorful French king ruled for 72 years and was called the Sun King? What palace did he build?
67. What was the Age of Enlightenment? Who were the major French philosophers during this period?
68. What factors led to the decline of Spain as a European power?
69. What dynasty formed in 1613, ruled Russia for 300 years?
70. Who was Peter the Great? What did he want to do to Russia?
FRENCH REVOLUTION/NAPOLEON
71. What were the basic causes of the French Revolution?
72. What was the Tennis Court Oath?
73. What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man?
74. What was the Reign of Terror?
75. Who was the "Apostle of Terror"?
76. Who were the last Bourbon monarchs before the revolution? What happened to them?
77. Who was Napoleon Bonaparte? How and when did he rise to power in France?
78. What was the Napoleonic Code?
79. What led to the downfall of Napoleon? What happened in the Russian campaign?
80. What country was never invaded by Napoleon?
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
81. What was the Industrial Revolution? Where did it begin?
82. In what industry did the industrial revolution begin?
83. What was the early power source used in factories? What came next?
84. What were conditions like in early factories? Who were most of the workers?
85. What improvements were made in transportation in the early 1800's?
NATIONALISM / UNIFICATION OF NEW NATIONS
86. Define: a. Nationalism - b. Communism - c. Socialism 87. What was the Congress of Vienna?
88. Identify: a. Giuseppe Garibaldi - b. Camillo Cavour 89. What happened to the Papal States during Italian unification? Why did this cause bitterness between the Church and
the Italian government?
90. Who did Cavour form alliances with to help him drive Austria from Italy?
91. Who was Otto von Bismarck? What were his political views?
92. How did Austria interfere with German unification?
93. Describe the impact of the Franco-Prussian and Seven Weeks Wars?
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IMPERIALISM
94. Define: a.Imperialism - b.Colonies - c.Protectorate - d.Sphere of Influence - e.Mandate 95. What were the reasons for modern imperialism?
96. What were the benefits of African imperialism? What were the disadvantages?
97. What country gained control of most of India following the 7 years war?
98. What was the first country in Asia to industrialize?
99. What did British merchants in China import causing a war?
WORLD WAR I
100. What were the underlying causes of World War I?
101. Define: a.Triple Alliance - b.Central Powers - c.Triple Entente - d.Allies 102. What was the immediate cause of World War I?
103. Why did Germany declare war on Russia in 1914?
104. Where did the most important battles of World War I take place?
105. What kind of war was World War I? What made it different from other wars?
106. What important weapons were developed for World War I? What was the most important?
107. What happened to Russia in 1917?
108. What was the Zimmermann telegram? What did it cause?
109. Who was the American president during World War I? What was his plan for the Allied aims called?
110. What major treaty ended World War I? What did it force Germany to do?
111. What Allied countries were known as the "Big Four"?
RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
112. Who were the Romanovs? How long did they rule Russia?
113. Identify: A. Nicholas II – B. Rasputin –C. Nicolai Lenin - D. Leon Trotsky - E. Joseph Stalin 114. How and when did the Bolsheviks rise to power in Russia? What did they become known as later?
115. What were the communist forces in the civil war known as? Who was their opposition?
WORLD WAR II
116. What were economic conditions like in post World War I Germany and Italy?
117. Who was Benito Mussolini? What political party did he form and when did he gain power?
118. Who was Adolph Hitler? What political party did he form and when did he gain power?
119. What was the immediate cause of World War II?
120. What brought America into the war? What was America's Pacific strategy?
121. Define/Identify:
a. Third Reich b. Mein Kamph c. Blitzkrieg d. Dwight Eisenhower e. Luftwaffe f. Holocaust g. Douglas MacArthur h. Appeasement i. Nuremberg Laws j. Battle of Britain
k. Battle of Stalingrad l. Manhattan Project
m. D-Day
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Cold War and Modern Era: Identify the following
122.
Containment
123.
Marshall Plan
124.
Domino Theory
125.
Cuban Missile Crisis
126.
Fidel Castro
127.
Détente
128.
SALT Treaty
129.
Glasnost
130.
Perestroika
131.
Fall of the Berlin Wall
132.
Breakup of the Soviet Union
133.
Boris Yeltsin
134.
Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia-Herzegovina
135.
Mao Tse Tung (Mao Zedong)
136.
Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek)
137.
Cultural Revolution
138.
Tiananmen Square
139.
Gandhi
140.
Terrorism
141.
Shining Path
142.
Red Brigade
143.
Hamas
144.
Al Qaeda
145.
Impact of terrorism