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Unit 3
I. Expansion
A. Northwest Ordinance of 1787
1. Westward migration:
2. Slavery: there is no slavery or involuntary servitude; every time we add a state, this
question of slavery will come up
3. Public education: set aside land for public schools, began trend of public education
4. Addition of new states: sets up a procedure for becoming a new state
II. Manifest Destiny
A. US in 1783
B. Louisiana Purchase
1. Background: Pres. Jefferson sends representatives to France to purchase the city of
New Orleans
2. 1803: Napoleon agrees to sell New Orleans and the rest of the Louisiana Territory for
$15 million
3. Doubles the size of the US
4. Pres. Jefferson sends Lewis and Clark to explore the new territory
a. learn about the geography and natural resources, animals, and plants
b. make contact with the Native Americans who lived there (friendly? belligerent?)
c. search for a water route to the Pacific Ocean
5. How did the acquisition of Louisiana agree with Jefferson’s political philosophy?
New states would be formed with their own governments in place
C. Convention of 1818 (part of Minnesota and North Dakota)
D. Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819: we gained Florida from the Spanish
E. Annexation of Texas, 1845: Texas defeats Mexico in the Texas War of Independence
F. Oregon Territory, 1846: US and Britain agree to divide Oregon at the 49 th parallel
G. Mexican Cession, 1848: US defeats Mexico and wins the Mexican War
H. Gadsden Purchase, 1853: US buys land from Mexico for $10 million
III. War of 1812
A. Causes
1. Impressment of American citizens
2. War Hawks wanted war
3. The Indian problem
4. British interference with American shipping
5. Chesapeake incident
B. Events
1. The burning of Washington DC: The British moved to Washington DC, “The Star
Spangled Banner” was written about the Battle of Ft. McHenry by Francis Scott Key
2. The Battle of Tippecanoe
General William Henry Harrison defeated the Indians at the Battle of Tippecanoe
“Tippecanoe & Tyler Too”
3. An unsuccessful invasion of Canada
4. General Andrew Jackson’s victory at the Battle of New Orleans
Occurred after the war was technically over
C. Results (Treaty of Gent)
1. no formal statement of impressment and freedom of the seas
2. resumption of trade between US and Britain
3. settlement of the US and Canadian border
4. set control on the number of British ships in the Great Lakes
5. joint occupation of Oregon (whole area of northwest)
6. no change in territory
D. Effect on National Identity
1. country becomes unified during the war (Nationalism)
2. Spain cedes Florida to the US in the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819
IV. Monroe Doctrine
1. Warned Europe to stay out of the affairs of the Western Hemisphere; US would stay out
of the affairs of Europe
2. Increased Nationalism
V. Improving the Transportation/ Infrastructure
A. Improving thte roads
1. National Road connected Maryland to the Ohio River
2. Turnpikes were built to generate funds
3. did not increase speed or lower costs of transportation as expected
B. Steamboat goes commercial
1. ships could travel upstream
2. made ship travel faster
3. moved people and goods along the Mississippi River
C. Canals boom
1. linked farms to cities
2. provided water transportation
3. Erie Canal was built in 1825, lead to the growth of New York City
D. Railroads further ease transportation
1. ended the canal boom
2. faster and cheaper than canals
3. first railroad was developed in the 1820’s
VI. Economic Growth
A. Industrial Revolution: change from manual labor to mechanized labor in the 1800’s
B. Eli Whitney
1. Cotton Gin: led to an increase in slavery
Southern Economy: farming
2. Interchangeable Parts: led to mass production and increase in factories
Northern Economy: Industry and Farming
1st Textile Mills were in New England b/c of the many rivers