Download Chapters 2 and 3 Quiz

Chapters 2 and 3 Quiz
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1. Which of the following is a component of a nucleotide?
A. adenine--a nitrogen base
B. glucose--a monosaccharide
C. cholesterol--a steroid
D. calcium ions
E. ATP
2. A neutral atom contains
A. more protons than electrons.
B. more electrons than protons.
C. the same number of electrons and protons.
D. only neutrons.
E. None of these choices is correct.
3. The sodium chloride molecule breaks apart in water. What does "D" represent?
A. chloride
B. dissociation
C. water molecules
D. sodium
E. salt crystal
4. Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "A"
represent on the diagram?
A. phosphorus
B. oxygen
C. nitrogen
D. polar (hydrophilic) region
E. nonpolar (hydrophobic) region
5. Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "D"
represent on the diagram?
A. phosphorus
B. oxygen
C. nitrogen
D. polar (hydrophilic) region
E. nonpolar (hydrophobic) region
6. Which of the following is the correct sequence from largest to smallest?
A. amino acid, cell, protein, atom
B. amino acid, atom, cell, protein
C. cell, protein, amino acid, atom
D. atom, amino acid, protein, cell
E. protein, cell, amino acid, atom
7. All of the following terms relate to lipids. Which does not belong with the other four?
A. cholesterol
B. estrogen
C. steroid
D. triglyceride
E. bile salts
8. The primary structure of a protein is
A. the number of polypeptide chains in the molecule.
B. the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.
C. the folded, helical nature of the molecule.
D. represented by multiple polypeptide chains.
E. the hydrogen bonds between amino acids.
9. A neutral atom will become a cation if it
A. gains electrons.
B. gains protons.
C. loses electrons.
D. loses protons.
E. gains neutrons.
10. Normal pH range for blood is 7.35 to 7.45. If blood pH falls below 7.35,
A. an imbalance called alkalosis results.
B. nothing happens as this is an acceptable deviation.
C. an imbalance called acidosis results.
D. the blood becomes saltier.
E. the number of red blood cells decreases.
11. Proteins
A. are the body's source of immediate energy.
B. are the building blocks of nucleotides.
C. provide much of the structure of body cells and tissues.
D. contain the genetic information of the cell.
E. insulate and cushion the body.
12. Which of the following is a synthesis reaction?
A. Two amino acids are bonded together to form a dipeptide.
B. Sucrose is chemically separated to form one molecule of glucose and one molecule of
fructose.
C. Sodium chloride is dissolved in water.
D. Several dipeptide chains are formed from digestion of a long polypeptide chain.
E. ATP is converted to ADP.
13. Solution A increases its acidity. This means that
A. the solution is closer to neutrality.
B. the pH of the solution has increased.
C. the solution will now accept more protons.
D. the number of hydrogen ions has decreased.
E. the number of hydrogen ions has increased.
14. Chemical energy
A. moves matter.
B. results from the position or movement of objects.
C. is a form of potential energy within chemical bonds.
D. comes from the sun.
E. is not important in physiological processes.
15. Molecules that form when electrons are shared unequally between atoms are called
A. salt molecules.
B. polar molecules.
C. nonpolar molecules.
D. lopsided molecules.
E. None of these choices is correct.
16. The pH value
A. increases with acidity.
B. is measured on a scale from 0 to 10.
C. is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions.
D. reflects the sodium content of body fluids.
E. decreases with alkalinity.
17. Electrons
A. comprise the majority of the mass of an atom.
B. are located in the nucleus of an atom.
C. have a positive charge of one.
D. are the subatomic particles most involved in bonding behavior of atoms.
E. do not participate in the bonding of atoms.
18. Water accounts for 50% of the weight of a young adult female and 60% of a young
adult male. What kind of bond is found at "B"?
A. hydrogen bond
B. water molecule
C. oxygen atom
D. hydrogen atom
E. polar covalent bond
19. An atom of chlorine has 17 protons and 18 neutrons. Which of the following
statements is true?
A. Chlorine atoms have 18 electrons.
B. Chlorine has a mass number of 35.
C. Chlorine has an atomic number of 18.
D. Chlorine has 35 electrons
E. Chlorine has an atomic number of 35.
20. Which of the following chemical reactions best represents the decomposition of
ATP?
A. ATP + ADP  ATP
B. ADP + ADP + ADP  ATP
C. ATP + energy  ADP + H2O
D. ADP + Pi + energy  ATP + H2O
E. ATP + H2O  ADP + Pi + energy
21. Skeletal muscle cells need large numbers of _______ to make the many proteins they
contain.
A. centrosomes
B. peroxisomes
C. liposomes
D. ribosomes
E. lysosomes
22. A DNA base sequence is A T G C C G. The sequence of bases in a strand of mRNA
transcribed from this sequence of bases in DNA would be
A. T A C G G C.
B. U T C G G U.
C. U A C G G C.
D. A U G C C G.
E. T A G G G G
23. The structural and functional unit of all living organisms is the
A. ribosome.
B. cell.
C. organ.
D. organelle.
E. plasma membrane.
24. You are looking at a cell with the electron microscope and you notice the following
characteristics: presence of many mitochondria and lysosomes; few, if any, Golgi; and
many ribosomes. Which of the following is the most likely function of that cell?
A. secretion of lipids
B. intracellular digestion
C. DNA replication
D. modification of protein
E. absorption of nutrients
25. A runner produced hypotonic sweat while running a marathon in hot weather. After
the race, he drank large volumes of water. As a result of the water intake, his body cells
will
A. shrink.
B. swell.
C. crenate.
D. shrivel.
E. not change.
26. Plasma membrane phospholipids
A. have polar (charged) tails.
B. are arranged in a single layer.
C. have tails that face the exterior of the membrane.
D. are 95% cholesterol.
E. have a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails.
27. Which of the following cell organelles is correctly matched with its function?
A. nucleolus - contains the genetic material of the cell
B. microtubules - cell support
C. mitochondria - protein synthesis
D. smooth ER - ATP production
E. ribosome - energy production
28. A group of cells was treated with a proteolytic (protein-digesting) enzyme. Which of
the following processes would be least affected by this treatment?
A. diffusion of sodium through sodium membrane channels
B. diffusion of lipid-soluble molecules through the plasma membrane
C. use of carrier molecules in facilitated diffusion
D. sodium-potassium exchange pump
E. secondary active transport
29. The diagram is an overview of cell metabolism. What does "B" represent?
A. glucose
B. 2 lactic acid + 2 ATP
C. O2
D. 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 38 ATP
E. pyruvic acid
30. Cell membrane phospholipids
A. have nonpolar fatty acid tails.
B. form a bilayer.
C. have polar phosphate heads.
D. create a selectively permeable barrier.
E. All of these choices are correct.
31. The movement of oxygen from the alveoli of the lungs into the bloodstream is an
example of
A. diffusion.
B. osmosis.
C. active transport.
D. bulk transport.
E. facilitated diffusion.
32. Anaerobic respiration
A. occurs in cells when oxygen supplies do not meet cell demands.
B. produces 38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.
C. occurs in the mitochondria.
D. frequently involves the electron transport system.
E. is referred to as the "citric acid cycle."
33. Cells that respond to ligands
A. possess receptor sites for specific ligands.
B. generally produce the ligands.
C. have lysosomes that destroy the ligands.
D. are using electrical signals in cellular communication.
E. are not functional.
34. The anticodon sequence GUA pairs with which of the following codons?
A. CAT
B. GUA
C. CTU
D. CAU
E. CTT
35. Which of the following are consistent with facilitated diffusion?
1) movement is against a concentration gradient
2) movement is with a concentration gradient
3) involves a carrier molecule
4) involves cotransport
5) involves counter transport
6) exhibits competition and saturation
A. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6
B. 2, 3, 6
C. 2, 3, 5, 6
D. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6
E. 2, 3, 4, 6
36. Communication between cells occurs when chemical messengers from one cell bind
to _____ on another cell.
A. channel proteins
B. receptor molecules
C. marker molecules
D. second messengers
E. integrins.
37. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
A. does not need ATP; the receptors supply the energy.
B. exhibits specificity.
C. occurs if oxygen is available.
D. is a type of passive transport.
E. moves materials out of the cell.
38. If you compare a cell with a manufacturing plant that exports goods, the cell's _____
could be compared to the manufacturing plant's shipping department.
A. nucleus
B. lysosome
C. Golgi apparatus
D. endoplasmic reticulum
E. ribosome
39. Cilia and flagella are distinguished from each other on the basis of
A. width and numbers.
B. length and numbers.
C. depth and numbers.
D. length and width.
E. None of these choices is correct.
40. Arrange the following events of exocytosis in the correct sequence:
1) vesicle membrane fuses with plasma membrane
2) secretory vesicles migrate to plasma membrane
3) vesicle contents are expelled from cell
4) secretions accumulate within secretory vesicles
A. 2, 1, 4, 3
B. 1, 4, 2, 3
C. 3, 1, 4, 2
D. 4, 2, 1, 3
E. 1, 2, 3, 4