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North America 2: Where We Stand Theme 2: Increasing Gap Between Rich and Poor I. II. III. USA a Postindustrial Society (Economic Geography) A. USA: population = 312,955,819 (2/3/12 @ 7:11 AM); urbanization = 75% B. characteristics of a postindustrial society 1. economic sectors: a. extractive (2%); manufacturing (18%); service (80%) b. information: 65% today 2. change of technology use from fabricating to processing C. locational forces 1. spatially footloose 2. non-economic factors influence 3. booming regions a. Pacific coast b. Sunbelt 4. census 2010 Where We Stand in the New World Order A. 18 major industrial nations: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States B. major sources: UN, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Health Organization Health and medical care: A. generally B. specific stats 1. Medical Spending as % GDP (Kaiser Family Foundation 2008) a. US #1= 16.0% 2. Medical Spending Per Capita (Kaiser Family Foundation 2008) a. US #1= $7,538 3. Growth in Per Capita Health Expenditure 1970-2008 (Kaiser Family Foundation 2008) 4. Total Health Expenditure/Capita Compared to GDP/Capita (Kaiser Family Foundation 2008) 5. Health System Performance Index (WHO 2000) a. US # 37 = 0.838 6. Male Life Expectancy (Population Reference Bureau 2007) a. US = 75 years b. geographic variation 7. Infant Mortality (Population Reference Bureau 2004) a. best reflection of a nation’s healthcare system b. US = 7.0/1,000 births (9/04) c. 2011 world rankings: U.S. #41 8. Low Birth Weight (UNICEF 1998-2003) a. US (Japan, UK, Belgium, Luxembourg) = 8% live births b. 26 nations do better including Egypt, Jordan, Romania c. 2005 update: US 12.4%, #30 (NYT 11/09) North America 2: Where We Stand - p. 1 IV. V. VI. VII. Crime and Punishment A. specific stats 1. Deaths Due to Firearms (Denver Post 4/95) a. total firearm deaths 1) US = 35,563 b. firearm homicides 1) US = 15,835 c. 2004 update: 29,569 firearm deaths (NYT 4/07) 2. Number of Prisoners – Top 9 Countries (NationMaster.com 2004) a. US = 2,078,570 (#1) 3. Rate of Incarceration/Prisoners per Capita (NYT 2008) a. US = 715/1,000,000 people (#1) 4. executions 2008 (NYT 3/09) a. US = 37 (#4) Wealth A. generally B. specific stats 1. GNI PPP Per Capita (Population Reference Bureau 2005) a. US = $39,710 (#2) 2. Children in Poverty (UNICEF 2004) a. US = 22.4% b. 2009 US poverty rate = 15.1% = 42.9 million (family of 4 < $22,314) (US Census Bureau 2011) c. 2009 = 21.6% 3. Share of Income (World Bank 1997) a. US - greatest disparity 1) lowest 10% of population has 1.8% of income 2) top 10% has 30.5% of income b. shrinking middle class – Occupy Wall Street Spending A. specific stats: 1. Defense spending a. Defense Spending % of GDP (UN 2005) 1) US = 4.1% 2) US 2010 budget = 4.7% b. Defense Spending as % of Central Government Expenditures (IMF 1992-2002) 1) US = 16% (#1) 2) US 2010 DOD budget = 19% 3) US Total Defense Spending 2010 = 25-29% 2. Foreign aid a. Development Aid % GNI (UN 2003) 1) US = 0.22% Taxes A. specific stats 1. Soaking the Rich a. US top tax rate = 35% (incomes > $373,650) b. “Buffet Rule” c. gas taxes and fines North America 2: Where We Stand - p. 2 VIII. IX. Working Conditions A. specific stats: 1. Paid vacation days/year a. US = 0 b. France = 30 (#1) c. Americans work 1,978 hrs/year = 49.5 weeks 2. Length of Maternity Leave (OECD 2006) a. USA -- Family and Medical Leave Act 1993 b. 163 countries - paid maternity leave mandated by law 3. Maternity Leave Wages (OECD 2006) a. US mandated maternity wages = $0 Quality of Life A. U.N. Human Development Index (2009) 1. measures social and economic progress 2. Norway #1 3. USA #13 B. Happiness Quotient 1. King of Bhutan: Gross National Happiness (not GNP) 2. surveys: subjective well being = feeling good 3. World Happiness Map 2006 – US #23 C. US Well-Being by state (2010) D. Newsweek 2010: Best Countries in the World 1. Finland #1 2. USA #11 E. Proud to be… (Newsweek 2006) 3. US fertility v. other developed countries 4. proud to be…American 75% North America 2: Where We Stand - p. 3