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1 Applications of LifeWave Technology By: Steve Haltiwanger, M.D., C.C.N. LifeWave has developed a wireless patch technology that provides the ability to coordinate and optimize physiological functions of the human body to improve human performance. It is our opinion that LifeWave patches can have significant influence on the health of people. LifeWave patches are non-transdermal patches that do not put any chemicals or drugs into the body. LifeWave non-transdermal patches are constructed from water, stabilized oxygen, stereoisomers of organic sugars and stereoisomers of amino acids. A solution of these materials is placed in a 100% sealed pouch made from medical grade polyethylene plastic made by the 3M Company. This polyethylene pouch contains a polyester fabric matrix, which provides a platform for the deposition of bio-molecular nano-crystals. A hypoallergenic medical grade acrylate adhesive, also made by the 3M Company, is applied to one side of the patches to enable the patches to stick on the skin or clothing. LifeWave patches may be worn by placing the patches on clothing or skin. Skin contact is not necessary. LifeWave has pioneered the development of a technology that uses wireless infrared patch devices that contain nano-structured bio-molecular crystals. When LifeWave patches are placed on the surface of the skin they establish communication links with the human body. This technology provides the ability to safely transmit messages into the body to optimize certain biological functions such as energy production, pain control or antioxidant protection. These patches are essentially passive wireless organic opto-electronic transmitters that use organic nano-sized crystal antennas that have both photonic and electronic properties. The nanocrystal antennas in the patches absorb infrared radiation (body heat) in the range of 100020,000 nanometers and generate frequency specific signals back into the body. http://www.darpa.mil/ato/solicit/mnmrfi/cerdec_mnm_workshop_briefing.pdf 2 How LifeWave patches are constructed The nanotechnology aspect of the patches involves a proprietary manufacturing technique where a solution containing natural organic substances is placed in a sealed water resistant plastic pouch that contains a small disc of special fabric. These organic materials have been chosen because they have both optical and electronic properties. These natural substances react with the fabric and a thin layer of crystals will crystallize out of the solution on to the material. The natural substances in the patches are mostly composed of amino acids and sugars. These materials are simply used as construction materials to create small crystals that act like molecular antennas. The crystals that form on the fabric inside the sealed patches are very small nano-sized crystals. (Nano simply means one billionth, 10-9, of a meter in length). Because of the method of construction, LifeWave patches will absorb the infrared energy produced by the body when the patches are placed on the skin or close to it. When the organic materials contained within LifeWave patches are exposed to the body's broad spectrum infrared field, the nano-sized crystals in the patches will begin to vibrate. Because these small crystals have optical and electronic properties they generate specific signals that are transmitted back into the body. The best known analogy to describe this is to think of a quartz crystal radio set. Quartz crystals can be cut to precise geometric shapes that will both generate and receive specific frequency signals. If you change the size and geometry of the quartz crystals you will change the frequency band that the radios operate in. The specific infrared signals created by the organic nano-crystals in LifeWave patches interact wirelessly with the body to cause thermal changes in the skin that can be measured with infrared cameras. One of the effects seen in infrared studies conducted by LifeWave is that when the patches are placed over hot inflamed painful areas on the body these areas will cool as much as 4 degrees Fahrenheit in as little as five minutes (Figure 1). 3 Figure 1. The top two frames are Infrared Images that were taken before LifeWave Energy Enhancer patches are applied. The bottom two frames Infrared Images that were taken 5 minutes after the patches were applied. It can be seen that the patches caused hot (hyperthermic) areas to cool. When infrared energy is absorbed by the organic crystals that cover the surface of the polyester fabric matrix in the LifeWave patches an infrared signal is generated in a narrow band. Figure 2. This image represents the concept of nanosize organic crystals adhering to the surface of the fabric insert that is located in the middle of the patches. The signals generated by the patches frequency modulate the infrared field coming off of the body and wirelessly transmit a signal back into the body. Our research has found that the signals more efficiently enter the body when the patches are placed over skin areas that have low electrical resistance. Many of these skin areas correspond to acupuncture points. 4 LifeWave patches are infrared communication devices for the body LifeWave has developed a communication technology that uses passive liquid crystal molecular antennas composed of organic stereoisomers to generate information signals. These information signals are specific enough to influence metabolic processes of cells. LifeWave has currently developed a number of different patches. LifeWave has patches called “Energy Enhancers” that generate signals that can improve energy and stamina, the “IceWave patches” can provide pain control, the “Rest Quiet patches” can improve the quality of sleep and the “glutathione patches” increase the production of the antioxidant glutathione in the body. LifeWave patch technology utilizes some of the same physics principles used in optical communication by line-of-sight military infrared laser communication systems. Currently the US military is using laser beams in battlefield in military systems such as infrared countermeasures (IRCM), target designation and laser communications (SECTION II: Reprint of Broad Agency Announcement 99-25 "Steered Agile Beams (STAB)" from the Commerce Business Daily, Publication Date: May 10, 1999; Issue No.: PSA-2342). Figure 3. This image represents the concept that light can be used as a communication device. http://www.darpa.mil/darpatech2002/presentations/mto_pdf/slides/carranomto.pdf LifeWave patches use the wide band infrared radiation coming off the body as both an optical power source and a carrier wave. The organic stereoisomer nano-crystal antennas in the patches have both photonic and semiconductor properties. These molecular antennas function as electrooptical modulators creating frequency pulses that enter the body preferentially through the semiconductor and fiberoptic properties of acupuncture meridians. Once the frequency signals reaches the cells, the protein receptors and enzymes located on the membranes of cells act as optical detectors and demodulators to generate an output frequency-specific electric signal that triggers different biological processes. According to the laws of physics everything in the universe is in a state of vibration. The resonant frequency of a material is defined as the natural vibratory rate or frequency of each substance be it an element or a molecule (Jones and Childers, 1990). Energy transfer can occur between materials when their resonant frequencies (oscillations) are matched. In addition when biological molecules in a cell are exposed to an externally applied or internally created electric field that matches their resonant frequency the field can be said to be coupled to the molecules and the molecules will subsequently absorb energy from the electric field. 5 Living organisms are composed of organic molecules that have liquid crystal properties. Liquid crystals are intermediate forms or phases of matter that exhibit properties of both liquids and solids (Collings, 1990). Intracellular and extracellular biological liquid crystal molecules inherently possess the property of resonance according to the laws of physics. Biological molecules, atoms and even electrons have special resonant frequencies that will only be excited by energies of very precise vibratory characteristics. When two oscillators are tuned to the same identical frequency the emission of one will cause the other to respond to the signal and begin to vibrate. Resonance occurs in biological molecules or even whole cells when acoustical or electric vibrations emitted from a generating source match the absorption frequency of the receiving structure producing an energy transference, which amplifies the natural vibrational frequency of the cell or the cell component (Beal, 1996a, 1996b). All metabolic reactions of a cell are controlled by a complex interaction of regulatory processes. These regulatory processes are usually defined in biochemistry by their chemical properties, however according to Brugemann, the internal chemical regulatory forces are in turn controlled by electromagnetic oscillations, which are biophysically specific (Brugemann, 1993). This physical principle makes it possible to obtain very specific metabolic responses when very weak electrical fields are applied or created in the body, which exactly match the frequency codes of the chemicals involved in the metabolic process you want to affect. Biological molecules can absorb energy at specific discrete frequencies in the form of energy packets or quanta. This is based on the physics principle of resonance where each quantum transfers energy to the molecules in proportion to the specific frequency of that quantum (Heynick, 1987). High-energy electromagnetic fields can cause heating, ionization and destruction of biological tissue, but lower energy fields have other more subtle biological effects. At low energy levels when resonance energy transfer occurs the transfer of charge is the main effect not heating. Quantum energy absorption is essentially a microscopic phenomenon where the chemical composition and molecular configuration of the molecules in a cell determine the specific frequencies or characteristic spectra where such absorption can occur (Heynick, 1987). According to Louis Heynik, low energy frequencies can change the orientations and configurations of molecules without altering or destroying the basic identities of the molecules (Heynick, 1987). “Indeed, cooperative interactions occur among subunits of molecules within biological cells, in membranes and other cellular structures, and in extracellular fluids; in such interactions, the energy absorbed at one specific site in a structure (in a membrane or in a biological macromolecule, for example) may not be sufficient to disrupt a bond but could alter a process at the site or elsewhere in the structure, or trigger a function of the structure as a whole by release of the energy stored in the structure, thereby producing biological amplification of the incident quantum of energy (Heynick, 1987).” For example, it is well recognized by biologists that cell enzymes such as Na,K-ATPases require energy to pump ions such as sodium and potassium across cell membranes. However new data shows that these enzymes can either be activated by chemical energy derived from ATP or by energy directly absorbed from electric fields (Xie et al., 1997); in this case energy from the electric field substitutes for the energy normally provided chemically by ATP (Derényi and Astumian, 1998). Any electromagnetic effect on a chemically based biological reaction in the body is dependent upon the electric or magnetic frequency sensitivity of the rate constant of the enzyme involved in the chemical reaction (Weaver et al., 2000). Membrane receptor proteins can also be activated by resonantly coupling to electric fields (Astumian and Robertson, 1989). "If fields can affect enzymes and cells, [one should expect] to be able to tailor a waveform as a therapeutic agent in much the same way as one now modulates 6 chemical structures to obtain pharmacological selectivity and perhaps withhold many of the side-effects common to pharmaceutical substances (Davey and Kell, 1990).” Cell membrane receptors composed of proteins that have coil and helical configurations can act as receiving antennas for electrical fields as well as electrical transducers and electrical inductors. These components are organized into complex cooperative arrays that facilitate communication (signaling and information transfer) between cells in the body as well as between cells and the external environment (Gilman, 1987). The transducing element in cell membrane biosensor complexes couples a chemical or electrical signal to a biological response that might include the movement of minerals into the cell or a cascade of enzyme reactions (Mehrvar et al., 2000). Frequency modulation of cell membrane receptors that function as electrical antennas/transducers results in voltage fluctuations across cell membranes at the frequency of the stimulus (Dallos, 1986; Russell et al., 1986). Frequency modulation will activate the receptors of cell membranes that respond to voltage changes and these receptors are in turn coupled to other membrane proteins that regulate the electrical, contractile and metabolic activity of cells. Both the frequency range and biological processes optimized by the patches is dependent upon the type and size of molecular antennas in the different patch types. Figure 4. Basic analog optical fiber communication system. At the cell membrane level, the filtered IR energy signals emitted from the patches triggers a process called signal induction. This in turn initiates a metabolic cascade within the cells called signal transduction. In English the different types of patches can optimize cellular functions that are operating below normal back up to normal. The patches are not stimulants they basically act like a tune up on a car to normalize functions in cells that are operating below normal. From a performance point of view our research studies have shown that the “Energy Enhancer” patches can improve oxygen-dependent energy production in about two-thirds of the users by signaling the cells in muscles to increase the amount of fat burned. Since fat burning generates over twice as much energy per gram of fuel burned than sugar, this results in increased energy and stamina. We have determined that people who are well hydrated are more likely to 7 experience the energy and stamina effects. The effects are most apparent when an individual is undergoing prolonged physical exertion. In addition, prolonged physical exertion causes the body to generate excessive amounts of freeradicals as waste products. These free-radicals are typically controlled by the body’s antioxidant systems. However, when the antioxidant systems become over loaded and unable to meet the demand an individual will physically “hit the wall” and become physically and mentally exhausted. This effect can be seen in individuals who are going through intense physical exertion day after day without adequate recovery time. LifeWave “Glutathione patches” are able to increase the body’s production of the master antioxidant glutathione. LifeWave has already completed a number of double-blind studies that prove that patch wearers have improved energy and endurance. LifeWave studies have shown that the patches are safe and that users do not experience harmful effects. Safety issues LifeWave nontransdermal patches have already been examined and cleared by both the US AntiDoping Agency and the World Anti-Doping Agency. The National Collegiate Athletic Association also has cleared the LifeWave pain patches, which are called IceWave patches for use in all colleges and universities. Because numerous athletes have already been successful with using both LifeWave energy patches and LifeWave pain patches, many university and professional athletic programs are now investigating LifeWave patch technology. The thermal effects of the LifeWave product called LifeWave IceWave patches have applications in situations where hot or cold packs are indicated such as cramps, sprains, strains, tendonitis, muscle soreness, pain and bruises etc. LifeWave Energy Patches have been shown in research studies to increase energy production and stamina. Every one who uses LifeWave patches should follow the instructions on how to properly use the patches. It is also critically important to drink plenty of water and exercise even if it is just walking for 30 minutes a day in order to fully activate cellular energy production with the LifeWave Energy Enhancer patches. LifeWave patches have now been used safely by thousands of people, although a rash may occur in people who are allergic to the adhesive that is on medical tape. Because the patches do not put any substances into the human body drug interactions have not been reported. The energy patches simply work as signaling system that sends filtered IR information back to the cells that triggers fat burning in the cells. LifeWave also makes a sleep product called Rest Quiet. Rest Quiet patches are designed to help a person get a deeper more restful sleep so they wake up more refreshed. LifeWave patches are registered with the FDA as a Class 1, Exempt, Medical Device in the same category as disposable hot and cold packs. What is glutathione and why is it important? Glutathione is a natural water-soluble cellular antioxidant. An antioxidant, which is also known as a free-radical scavenger, is a molecule that is easily able to donate electrons to another electrondeficient molecule. Glutathione is a tripeptide antioxidant composed of three amino acids cysteine, glutamic acid, and glycine. When combined together in this form, these amino acids provide the cells with an essential compound that is a critical part of the body's natural defense system (Lomaestro et al., 1995). Glutathione is an important cellular antioxidant that protects cells against oxidative stress, and it has a critical role in cellular detoxification. Strenuous exercise can deplete antioxidants in the body 8 Strenuous and prolonged exercise can deplete antioxidants including glutathione in the body (Ji, 1995). Prolonged or repetitive aerobic activity causes the body to utilize large amounts of oxygen to produce ATP in the mitochondria. Unfortunately, oxygen utilization in the mitochondria also produces significant amounts of oxygen free radicals (Chang et al., 2006). A higher amount of exercise unavoidably produces larger amounts of free-radicals that must be neutralized by the body’s antioxidant systems (Banerjee et al., 2003). The body can compensate for strenuous exercise by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity up to a point. However, prolonged, intensive and repetitive bouts of exhaustive exercise can eventually overwhelm the body’s antioxidant reserves. When the antioxidant system begins to fail continuous oxidative stress can eventually overwhelm the protective mechanisms leading to impairment in cellular functions such as energy production and impairment of liver detoxification. Clinical research in animals has shown that when strenuous exercise is continued after glutathione depletion has occurred, oxidative damage can be seen in the liver (Leeuwenburgh et al., 1995) and endurance is significantly decreased (Sen et al., 1994). One of the interesting and curious effects reported by a significant number of users of the new LifeWave glutathione patch is that of increased energy, endurance and mental clarity. In fact, some individuals had greater energy effects with the skin patch than they did with the LifeWave Energy Enhancer patches. Other individuals reported synergistic effects with enhanced energy effects when they wore both the new glutathione skin patch along with the Energy Enhancer patches. Some of the best results were seen by extreme athletes. These individuals of course would have the greatest oxidative stress. It is very likely that these individuals have antioxidant systems that are under stress and the increased glutathione produced in their bodies by the patches is able to tilt them back toward improved antioxidant status. In a sense, we could be looking at a global body antioxidant tuneup that improves the functions of many diverse biological processes. It will be interesting to see how all this plays out over time. From the physical point of view military personnel, runners, tennis players, basketball players, soccer players, football players and other individuals who are involved in athletic activities frequently hit the wall of exhaustion at some point during their training or season. Recently this phenomenon was well demonstrated by a number of NBA players who were involved in exhaustive seven game playoff series. Repeatedly the announcers would comment how the exhaustive playoffs were taking their toll on a number of star athletes. I strongly suspect that a combination of nutrient and antioxidant imbalances were present in these individuals. Correction of antioxidant status could be of benefit and it is likely that Lifewave’s new skin patch will be found to be a useful strategy to address this phenomenon. Glutathione works in conjunction with other antioxidants in protecting the cells The body uses dietary antioxidants such as vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin A and selenium along with a number of internally generated (endogenous) cellular and extracellular enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione) to defend itself against free radicals. All the cells of the body contain glutathione. In its role as an antioxidant, glutathione is a component of the intracellular antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. In order for these enzymes to protect cells against damage from free radical scavengers, these enzymes require a continuing supply of reduced glutathione as well as adequate cellular concentrations of vitamin E, vitamin C and the mineral selenium. When reduced glutathione neutralizes free radicals, it is converted to an inactive oxidized form. The trace mineral selenium is needed to activate glutathione peroxidase, which recycles cellular glutathione from its oxidized form back to its active reduced form. Glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E are intricately connected in the body and physiologically function as a conjoined antioxidant system. Maintaining adequate glutathione in the cells is essential for preserving the physiological antioxidant activity of vitamin C because it is required to 9 convert the oxidized form of vitamin C, which is known as dehydroascorbate back to the active ascorbate form (Martensson et al., 1993). Both glutathione and vitamin C are also involved in converting the oxidized form of vitamin E back to its active reduced form (Meister, 1994). LifeWave’s “Glutathione skin patches” have been designed to increase the body’s production of glutathione by sending information signals not chemicals into the body. This is a completely new type of technology that has never been available before. How to use LifeWave’s “Glutathione skin patches” For best results use 3 times a week, use every other day. Apply the patch 2 inches below the belly button or on the lower portion of the sternum. Apply the patch to clean, dry skin in the AM. Patches can be worn for up to 12 – 24 hours before discarding. Remove immediately if you feel discomfort or skin irritation occurs. Do not use more than one glutathione patch at a time on the body. It is recommended that the skin patches should not be worn during sleep during initial use. This is because in the early days of use some people will release toxins so fast that they develop detoxification symptoms. If symptoms of detoxification occur and become too uncomfortable it is important that the wearer recognize this effect and removes the patch. Always drink plenty of water while wearing any LifeWave patches. Drinking water is particularly important when wearing the skin patch in order to flush toxins. The “Glutathione skin patches” can be worn in conjunction with the Energy Patches and Ice Wave Patches. Detoxification issues and the LifeWave “Glutathione skin patches” Laboratory studies conducted by LifeWave researchers have shown that blood levels of the antioxidant glutathione rise and the excretion of toxins in the urine increase when the glutathione skin patch is worn. Since the LifeWave glutathione patch is not putting anything into the body other than communication signals, this means that the patch is sending a message that causes the cells to make more glutathione. Increasing the levels of reduced-glutathione in the body supports detoxification mechanisms causing the cells to release previously stored toxins. This is an exciting aspect of the LifeWave technology because the excretion of toxins that have previously accumulated in the body is beneficial. Unfortunately, if too many toxins enter the bloodstream too fast an individual may transiently experience various symptoms of toxicity, which can range from mild-to-severe fatigue, headaches, sleepiness, diarrhea, post nasal drip, sore throat, minor skin breakouts, joint pain, muscle aches, foggy thinking, poor concentration, nervousness, metallic taste in the mouth and even sweating. These symptoms will typically be short lived, but can be intense and occur within minutes of applying the LifeWave “Glutathione skin patch”. If at any time you begin to feel unwell while wearing the skin patch take the patch off for at least 4 hours or the rest of the day. Each patch has about 12-24 hours of effectiveness. The use of the LifeWave glutathione skin patch can initiate detoxification symptoms very rapidly in some high risk individuals (heavy smokers, people exposed to occupational chemicals and toxins like hair dressers, dentists, welders, crop dusters, roofers, painters, etc). It is important to recognize that this is a natural outcome from any approach that increases levels of the antioxidant glutathione. There are 2 steps that occur with use of LifeWave’s glutathione skin patches: 1) During the initial week detoxification of the body occurs- this is a process where the cells release toxins. 10 2) Starting during the first-second week many individuals report that they start to feel more energy and improved stamina. References 1. Anderson ME. Glutathione: an overview of biosynthesis and modulation. Chem Biol Interact. 1998 Apr 24;111-112:1-14. 2. Anderson ME, Luo JL. Glutathione therapy: from prodrugs to genes. Semin Liver Dis. 1998;18(4):415-24. 3. Astumian RD, Robertson B. Nonlinear Effect of an Oscillating Electric Field on Membrane Proteins. J Chem Phys 1989;91: 4891-4901. 4. Banerjee AK, Mandal A, Chanda D, Chakraborti S. Oxidant, antioxidant and physical exercise. Cell Biochem. 2003 Nov;253(1-2):307-12. 5. Beal J. 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