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Pacing Guide GRADE 8 MATHEMATIC SCOS Course Name TOPICS/CONCEPTS GRADING PERIOD CURRICULUM OBJECTIVES TIME ALGEBRA: INTEGERS (Chapter 1) Operations Problem Solving Methods ALGEBRA: RATIONAL NUMBERS (Chapter 2) Operations with Fractions 1 10 1.01, 1.02, 5.01, 5.03, 5.04 MAJOR: 1.01, 5.01, 5.03, 5.04 1 10 ALGEBRA: REAL NUMBERS AND THE PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM (Chapter 3) Irrational Numbers Coordinate Plane ALGEBRA: MORE EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES (Chapter 10) Solving Equations and Inequalities SPIRAL REVIEW/ASSESS 1 10 1.01, 1.02, 5.03, 5.04 MAJOR: 1.01, 5.03, 5.04 MAINTAIN: Factors and multiples 1.01, 1.02, 2.02, 3.02, 5.04 MAJOR: 1.01, 2.02, 3.02, 5.04 10 1.02, 5.03, 5.04 MAJOR: 5.03 5 1.01, 1.02, 2.02, 3.02, 5.03, 5.04 MAJOR: 1.01, 2.02, 3.02, 5.01, 5.03, 5.04 Students will solve relevant and authentic problems using appropriate technology and apply these concepts as well as those developed in earlier year. MAINTAIN: Factors and multiples 1 1 45 Days PROPORTIONS, ALGEBRA, AND GEOMETRY (Chapter 4 Section 4-1 to 4-4) Proportional Reasoning Slope 2 5 1.01, 5.01 MAJOR: 1.01, 5.01 MAINTAIN: Ratio, proportion, and percent 1 ALGEBRA: LINEAR FUNCTIONS (Chapter 11) Linear Equations and Inequalities Slope Scatter Plots Fibonacci Fluency in Graphing, Tables, Algebraic Manipulations ALGEBRA: NONLINEAR FUNCTIONS AND POLYNOMIALS (Chapter 12) Compare Linear and Nonlinear Families of Equations SPIRAL REVIEW/ASSESS 30 1.02, 4.01, 4.02, 4.03, 5.01, 5.02, 5.03, 5.04 MAJOR: 4.01, 5.01, 5.02, 5.03, 5.04 5 1.02, 3.01, 4.01, 5.01 MAJOR: 4.01, 5.01 5 1.01, 1.02, 3.01, 4.01, 4.02, 4.03, 5.01, 5.02, 5.03, 5.04 MAJOR: 1.01, 3.02, 4.01, 5.01, 5.02, 5.03, 5.04 Students will solve relevant and authentic problems using appropriate technology and apply these concepts as well as those developed in earlier year. MAINTAIN: Ratio and proportion 2 2 2 45 Days PERCENT (Chapter 5) Conversion of Fractions, Percent, Decimals Percent Proportion Applications PROBABILITY (Chapter 8) Pascal PROPORTIONS, ALGEBRA, AND GEOMETRY (Chapter 4 Sections 4-5 to 4-8) Scale Drawing Indirect Measurement Dilations (Relate to Proportions) GEOMETRY (Chapter 6) Geometric Modeling Review Essential Properties 15 1.02, 5.03, 5.04 MAJOR: 5.03, 5.04 MAINTAIN: Ratio, proportion, and percent 1.01, 1.02, 4.01, 4.03 MAJOR: 1.01 MAINTAIN: Ratio, proportion, and percent 2.02, 3.01, 3.02, 3.03 MAJOR: 3.01, 3.02, 3.03 MAINTAIN: Ratio, proportion, and percent 3 5 3 3 10 10 3.01, 3.02 MAJOR: 3.01, 3.02 3 2 Review Transformation Geometry Rotations SPIRAL REVIEW/ASSESS 5 1.01, 1.02, 2.02, 3.01, 3.02, 3.03, 4.01, 4.03, 5.03, 5.04 MAJOR: 1.01, 2.02, 3.01, 3.02, 3.03, 5.01, 5.02, 5.03, 5.04 Students will solve relevant and authentic problems using appropriate technology and apply these concepts as well as those developed in earlier year. MAINTAIN: Ratio, proportion, and percent 3 45 Days GEOMETRY: MEASURING AREA AND VOLUME (Chapter 7) Area, Perimeter, Volume Surface Area Investigation Changes STATISTICS AND MATRICES (Chapter 9) Univariate Graphs Central Tendency and Variation Misleading Statistics SPIRAL REVIEW/ASSESS 10 2.01, 3.01 MAINTAIN: Volume and surface area 15 1.02, 4.01, 4.03 MAJOR: 4.01 MAINTAIN: Box plots and histograms ASSESS: 1.02, 2.01, 3.01, 4.01, 4.03 REVIEW ALL OBJECTIVES MAJOR: 1.01, 2.02, 3.02, 4.01, 5.01, 5.03 Students will solve relevant and authentic problems using appropriate technology and apply these concepts as well as those developed in earlier years. MAINTAIN: Ratio, proportion, and percent Factors and multiples Box plots and histograms Volume and surface area 1.02, 3.01, 5.03 MAJOR: Students will solve relevant and authentic problems using appropriate technology and apply these concepts as well as those developed in earlier years. 4 4 10 4 EXTENDED PROBLEM SOLVING 10 4 3 45 Days 4 Instructional Guide _GRADE 8 MATHEMATICS_____ Course Nam TIME FRAME: FIRST GRADING PERIOD SCOS GOALS AND OBJECTIVES Goal 1: The learner will understand and compute with real numbers. 1.01 Develop number sense for the real numbers. (a) Define and use irrational numbers. (b) Compare and order. (c) Use estimates of irrational numbers in appropriate situations. 1.02 Develop flexibility in solving problems by selecting strategies and using mental computation, estimation, calculators, or computers, and paper and pencil. Goal 5: The learner will understand and use linear relations and functions. 5.01 Develop an understanding of function. (a) Translate among verbal, tabular, graphic, and algebraic representations of functions (b) Identify relations and functions as linear or nonlinear. (c) Find, identify and interpret the slope (rate of change) and intercepts of a linear relation. (d) Interpret and compare properties of linear functions from tables, graphs, or equations. 5.03 Solve problems using linear ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS, BENCHMARKS, AND SKILLS ALGEBRA: INTEGERS Why are variables used to write expressions and equations? Convert words to variable expressions. What are some methods to solve equations? MAJOR CONCEPTS/ SKILLS: 1.01, 5.01, 5.03, 5.04 ESSENTIAL TASKS, STRATEGIES, PROJECTS, CONNECTIONS ESSENTIAL TASKS: 1. Use graphics calculator to solve equations graphically? 2. Toothpick patterns (p. 11). 3. Graphing data (p. 22) 4. Review operations with integers. 5 RECOMMENDED RESOURCES AND ASSESSMENT PACING: 10 Days TEXTBOOK: Grade 8 Mathematics (Glencoe) Chapter 1 equations and inequalities; justify symbolically and graphically. 5.04 Solve equations using the inverse relationships of addition and subtraction, multiplication and division, squares and square roots, and cubes and cube roots. Goal 1: The learner will understand and compute with real numbers. 1.01 Develop number sense for the real numbers. (a) Define and use irrational numbers. (b) Compare and order. (c) Use estimates of irrational numbers in appropriate situations. 1.02 Develop flexibility in solving problems by selecting strategies and using mental computation, estimation, calculators, or computers, and paper and pencil. Goal 5: The learner will understand and use linear relations and functions. 5.03 Solve problems using linear equations and inequalities; justify symbolically and graphically. 5.04 Solve equations using the inverse relationships of addition and subtraction, multiplication and division, squares and square roots, and cubes and cube roots. Goal 1: The learner will understand and compute with real numbers. 1.01 Develop number sense for the real numbers. (a) Define and use irrational numbers. (b) Compare and order. (c) Use estimates of irrational numbers in appropriate situations. 1.02 Develop flexibility in solving ALGEBRA: RATIONAL NUMBERS How are unlike fractions added, subtracted, multiplied, and divided? ESSENTIAL TASKS: 1. Use the graphics calculator to simplify fractions, convert to decimals and back. PACING: 10 Days TEXTBOOK: Chapter 2 What are the rules of exponents? How do you use the rules of exponents when performing operations with scientific notation? MAJOR CONCEPTS/ SKILLS: 1.01, 5.03, 5.04 MAINTAIN CONCEPTS/SKILLS: Factors and multiples 2. Use the graphics calculator to test fractions and determine which is larger? 3. Use the graphics calculator to solve equations with rational numbers. 4. Converting to binary (p. 102) 5. Use the graphics calculator to find square and cube roots. ALGEBRA: REAL NUMBERS AND THE ESSENTIAL TASKS: PACING: 10 Days 1. Use a graphics calculator PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM to convert a repeating TEXTBOOK: What is the relationship between irrational decimal to a rational Chapter 3 and rational numbers? number. How is indirect measurement used? How is the Pythagorean Theorem used in 6 2. Use Sketchpad to explore the properties of the Pythagorean Theorem. problems by selecting strategies and using mental computation, estimation, calculators, or computers, and paper and pencil. Goal 2: The learner will understand and use measurement concepts. 2.02 Apply and use concepts of indirect measurement. Goal 3: The learner will understand and use properties and relationships in geometry. 3.02 Apply geometric properties and relationships, including the Pythagorean Theorem, to solve problems. Goal 5: The learner will understand and use linear relations and functions. 5.04 Solve equations using the inverse relationships of addition and subtraction, multiplication and division, squares and square roots, and cubes and cube roots. Goal 1: The learner will understand and compute with real numbers. 1.02 Develop flexibility in solving problems by selecting strategies and using mental computation, estimation, calculators, or computers, and paper and pencil. Goal 5: The learner will understand and use linear relations and functions. 5.03 Solve problems using linear equations and inequalities; justify symbolically and graphically. 5.04 Solve equations using the inverse relationships of addition and subtraction, multiplication and division, squares and square roots, and cubes and cube roots. 1.01, 1.02, 2.02, 3.02, 3.03, 5.04 problem solving with indirect measurement? MAJOR CONCEPTS/ SKILLS: 1.01, 2.02, 3.02, 5.04 ALGEBRA: MORE EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES 3. Reasoning about the Pythagorean Theorem (NCTM’s Navigating through Geometry-Chapter 1) ESSENTIAL TASKS: PACING: 10 Days MAJOR CONCEPTS/SKILLS: 5.03 TEXTBOOK: Chapter 10 SPIRAL REVIEW/ASSESS PACING: 5 Days 7 MAJOR CONCEPTS/SKILLS: 1.01,2.02, 3.02, 5.01, 5.03, 5.04 Students will solve relevant and authentic problems using appropriate technology and apply these concepts as well as those developed in earlier year. MAINTAIN CONCEPTS/SKILLS: Factors and multiples TIME FRAME: SECOND GRADING PERIOD SCOS GOALS AND OBJECTIVES Goal 1: The learner will understand and compute with real numbers. 1.01 Develop number sense for the real numbers. (a) Define and use irrational numbers. (b) Compare and order. (c) Use estimates of irrational numbers in appropriate situations. Goal 5: The learner will understand and use linear relations and functions. 5.01 Develop an understanding of function. (a) Translate among verbal, tabular, graphic, and algebraic representations of functions (b) Identify relations and functions as linear or nonlinear. (e) Find, identify and interpret the slope (rate of change) and intercepts of a linear relation. (f) Interpret and compare properties of linear functions from tables, graphs, or equations. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS, BENCHMARKS, AND SKILLS PROPORTIONS, ALGEBRA, AND GEOMETRY What is a rate of change and how does it relate to linear equations? How do dilations relate to similar figures? MAJOR CONCEPTS/ SKILLS: 1.01, 5.01 MAINTAIN CONCEPTS/SKILLS: Ratio, proportion, and percent 8 ESSENTIAL TASKS, STRATEGIES, PROJECTS, CONNECTIONS ESSENTIAL TASKS: 1. Use the graphics calculator to solve proportional equations. 2. Use a spreadsheet to calculate rates of change. RECOMMENDED RESOURCES AND ASSESSMENT PACING: 5 Days TEXTBOOK: Chapter 4 Section 4-1 to 4-4 Goal 1: The learner will understand and compute with real numbers. 1.02 Develop flexibility in solving problems by selecting strategies and using mental computation, estimation, calculators, or computers, and paper and pencil. Goal 4: The learner will understand and use graphs and data analysis. 4.01 Collect, organize, analyze, and display data (including scatterplots) to solve problems. 4.02 Approximate a line of best fit for a given scatterplot; explain the meaning of the line as it relates to the problem and make predictions. 4.03 Identify misuses of statistical and numerical data. Goal 5: The learner will understand and use linear relations and functions. 5.01 Develop an understanding of function. (a) Translate among verbal, tabular, graphic, and algebraic representations of functions (b) Identify relations and functions as linear or nonlinear. (g) Find, identify and interpret the slope (rate of change) and intercepts of a linear relation. (h) Interpret and compare properties of linear functions from tables, graphs, or equations. 5.02 Write an equation of a linear relationship given: two points, the slope and one point on the line, or the slope and y-intercept. 5.03 Solve problems using linear ALGEBRA: LINEAR FUNCTIONS MAJOR CONCEPTS/ SKILLS: 4.01, 5.01, 5.02, 5.03, 5.04 ESSENTIAL TASKS: 1. Understanding Patterns (NCTM’s Navigating through Algebra – Chapter 1) 2. Analyzing change in Various Contexts (NCTM’s Navigating through Algebra – Chapter 2) 3. Exploring Linear Relationships (NCTM’s Navigating through Algebra –Chapter 2) 4. Exploring Bivariate Data (NCTM’s Navigating through Data AnalysisChapter 4) 9 PACING: 30 Days TEXTBOOK: Chapter 11 OTHER RESOURCES: 1. Looking at Lines (AIMS) 2. Moving Straight Ahead (Connected Math Curriculum Project) 3. Thinking with Mathematical Models (Connected Math Project) equations and inequalities; justify symbolically and graphically. 5.04 Solve equations using the inverse relationships of addition and subtraction, multiplication and division, squares and square roots, and cubes and cube roots. Goal 1: The learner will understand and compute with real numbers. 1.02 Develop flexibility in solving problems by selecting strategies and using mental computation, estimation, calculators, or computers, and paper and pencil. Goal 3: The learner will understand and use properties and relationships in geometry. 3.01 Represent problem situations with geometric models. Goal 4: The learner will understand and use graphs and data analysis. 4.01 Collect, organize, analyze, and display data (including scatterplots) to solve problems. Goal 5: The learner will understand and use linear relations and functions. 5.01 Develop an understanding of function. (a) Translate among verbal, tabular, graphic, and algebraic representations of functions (b) Identify relations and functions as linear or nonlinear. (c) Find, identify and interpret the slope (rate of change) and intercepts of a linear relation. (d) Interpret and compare properties of linear functions from tables, graphs, or equations. ALGEBRA: NONLINEAR FUNCTIONS AND POLYNOMIALS How do linear and nonlinear functions compare and contrast in terms of tables, graphs, and equations? MAJOR CONCEPTS/ SKILLS: 5.01 10 ESSENTIAL TASKS: 1.Use graphics calculator to explore y=x, y=x^2, y=x^3. Compare and contrast. 2. Collect real data and fit regression equation. Discuss when linear and when not linear? How do you determine? PACING: 5 Days TEXTBOOK: Chapter 12 OMIT: Polynomials 1.01, 1.02, 2.01, 3.01, 4.01, 4.02, 4.03, 5.01, 5.02, 5.03, 5.04 SPIRAL REVIEW/ASSESS PACING: 5 Days MAJOR CONCEPTS/SKILLS: 1.01, 4.01, 5.01, 5.02, 5.03, 5.04 Students will solve relevant and authentic problems using appropriate technology and apply these concepts as well as those developed in earlier year. MAINTAIN CONCEPTS/SKILLS: Ratio and proportion TIME FRAME: THIRD GRADING PERIOD SCOS GOALS AND OBJECTIVES Goal 1: The learner will understand and compute with real numbers. 1.02 Develop flexibility in solving problems by selecting strategies and using mental computation, estimation, calculators, or computers, and paper and pencil. Goal 5: The learner will understand and use linear relations and functions. 5.03 Solve problems using linear equations and inequalities; justify symbolically and graphically. 5.04 Solve equations using the inverse relationships of addition and subtraction, multiplication and division, squares and square roots, and cubes and cube roots. Goal 1: The learner will understand and compute with real numbers. 1.01 Develop number sense for the real numbers. (a) Define and use irrational numbers. (b) Compare and order. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS, BENCHMARKS, AND SKILLS PERCENT How do you solve problems of percent of increase and percent of decrease? ESSENTIAL TASKS, STRATEGIES, PROJECTS, CONNECTIONS RECOMMENDED RESOURCES AND ASSESSMENT ESSENTIAL TASKS: PACING: 15 Days 1. Relate percent to number line and decimals. TEXTBOOK: Chapter 5 How do you write and solve a percent equation? MAJOR CONCEPTS/SKILLS: 5.03, 5.04 MAINTAIN CONCEPTS/SKILLS: Ratio, proportion, and percent PROBABILITY Compare and contrast theoretical and experimental probability. How can analyzing probability be used to make predictions? 11 ESSENTIAL TASKS: 1. Use ProbSim APP on graphic calculators to do probability experiments and analyze results. PACING: 5 Days TEXTBOOK: Chapter 8 (c) Use estimates of irrational numbers in appropriate situations. 1.02 Develop flexibility in solving problems by selecting strategies and using mental computation, estimation, calculators, or computers, and paper and pencil. Goal 4: The learner will understand and use graphs and data analysis. 4.01 Collect, organize, analyze, and display data (including scatterplots) to solve problems. 4.03 Identify misuses of statistical and numerical data. Goal 2: The learner will understand and use measurement concepts. 2.02 Apply and use concepts of indirect measurement. Goal 3: The learner will understand and use properties and relationships in geometry. 3.01 Represent problem situations with geometric models. 3.02 Apply geometric properties and relationships, including the Pythagorean Theorem, to solve problems. 3.03 Identify, predict, and describe dilations in the coordinate plane. 2. Use RandBin feature on What is the difference between the probability the graphics calculator to of independent and dependent events? simulate the tossing of a coin or flipping of a die. How can probability be analyzed using Store data in a list and geometric models? make a box-and-whisker plot or histogram. MAJOR CONCEPTS/SKILLS: 1.01 MAINTAIN CONCEPTS/SKILLS: Ratio, proportion, and percent PROPORTIONS, ALGEBRA, AND GEOMETRY What is indirect measurement and when can it be useful? ESSENTIAL TASKS: 1. Use the graphics calculator to solve proportional equations. What is a rate of change and how does it relate to linear equations? 2. Use a spreadsheet to calculate rates of change. How do dilations relate to similar figures? 3. Use Sketchpad or graphics calculator to make dilations. How are dilations related to the proportional reasoning concept? MAJOR CONCEPTS/ SKILLS: 2.02, 3.02, 3.03 PACING: 5 Days TEXTBOOK: Chapter 4 Section 4-5 to 4-8 4. Dilating Figures (NCTM’s Navigating through Geometry-Chapter 1) MAINTAIN CONCEPTS/SKILLS: Ratio, proportion, and percent Goal 3: The learner will understand and use properties and relationships in geometry. 3.01 Represent problem situations with GEOMETRY How is geometric modeling used to solve algebraic problems? 12 ESSENTIAL TASKS: 1. Use Sketchpad to explore rotations and dilations. PACING: 10 Days TEXTBOOK: Chapter 6 geometric models. 3.02 Apply geometric properties and relationships, including the Pythagorean Theorem, to solve problems. Why is the Pythagorean Theorem so important? How do dilations relate to similar figures and proportional reasoning? 1.01, 1.02, 2.02, 3.01, 3.02, 3.03, 4.01, 4.03, 5.03, 5.04 2. Use the graphics calculator to make dilations. 3. Geometric Problem Solving (p. 276 and 278) MAJOR CONCEPTS/SKILLS: 3.01, 3.02 SPIRAL REVIEW/ASSESS PACING: 5 Days MAJOR CONCEPTS/SKILLS: 1.01, 3.01, 3.02, 3.03, 5.01, 5.02, 5.03 Students will solve relevant and authentic problems using appropriate technology and apply these concepts as well as those developed in earlier year. MAINTAIN CONCEPTS/SKILLS: Ratio, proportion, and percent TIME FRAME: FOURTH GRADING PERIOD SCOS GOALS AND OBJECTIVES Goal 2: The learner will understand and use measurement concepts. 2.01 Determine the effect on perimeter, area or volume when one or more dimensions of two- and three-dimensional figures are changed. Goal 3: The learner will understand and use properties and relationships in geometry. 3.01 Represent problem situations with geometric models. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS, BENCHMARKS, AND SKILLS GEOMETRY: MEASURING AREA AND VOLUME What is the effect on perimeter, area, or volume when one or more dimensions of twoand three-dimensional figures are changed? How is the volume of a cone related to the volume of a cylinder that has the same base and height? How is the volume of a pyramid related to the volume of a prism that has the same base and 13 ESSENTIAL TASKS, STRATEGIES, PROJECTS, CONNECTIONS ESSENTIAL TASKS: 1. Use Sketchpad to explore the effect on perimeter, area, or volume when one or more dimensions of twodimensional figures are changed. 2. Use models to explore volumes of 3-D objects. RECOMMENDED RESOURCES AND ASSESSMENT PACING: 10 Days TEXTBOOK: Chapter 7 height? MAINTAIN CONCEPTS/SKILLS: Volume and surface area Goal 1: The learner will understand and compute with real numbers. 1.02 Develop flexibility in solving problems by selecting strategies and using mental computation, estimation, calculators, or computers, and paper and pencil. Goal 4: The learner will understand and use graphs and data analysis. 4.01 Collect, organize, analyze, and display data (including scatterplots) to solve problems. 4.03 Identify misuses of statistical and numerical data. STATISTICS AND MATRICES How do you determine the most useful plot for data? REVIEW: Histograms, Box and Whisker Plots, Central Tendency What kind of information is obtained from a histogram? A box plot, a scatterplot? ESSENTIAL TASKS: 1. Collect a lot of real data and make plots. Discuss. SPIRAL REVIEW/ASSESS: 1.02, 2.01, 3.01, 4.01, 4.03 SPIRAL REVIEW/ASSESS REVIEW ALL OBJECTIVES EXTENDED PROBLEM SOLVING PACING: 15 Days TEXTBOOK: Chapter 9 How do measures of center help you to understand data and make conclusions/predictions? MAJOR CONCEPTS/SKILLS: 4.01 MAINTAIN CONCEPTS/SKILLS: Box plots and histograms PACING: 10 Days MAJOR CONCEPTS/SKILLS: 1.01, 2.02, 4.01, 5.01, 5.03 Students will solve relevant and authentic problems using appropriate technology and apply these concepts as well as those developed in earlier year. MAINTAIN CONCEPTS/SKILLS: Ratio, proportion, and percent Factors and multiples Box plots and histograms Volume and surface area 1.02, 3.01, 5.03 MAJOR CONCEPTS/SKILLS: 14 PACING: 10 Days Students will solve relevant and authentic problems using appropriate technology and apply these concepts as well as those developed in earlier year. 15