Download Mrs

1.
Mrs. Cooper
AHSGE
Study Guide
COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE – exchange of living things across the Atlantic
that was started by Columbus (includes plants, diseases, and
animals)
2.
PONCE DE LEON – conquistador who searched Florida looking for a
fountain of youth
3.
MERCANTILISM – theory that a nation can build its strength by
obtaining large amounts of gold and creating a favorable balance of
trade
4.
JAMESTOWN – first permanent English settlement in North America
5.
YORKTOWN – battle during revolutionary war in which British forces
surrendered to the Continental Army and the French (last battle of
American Revolution), Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown.
6.
HOUSE OF BURGESSES – first representative type government in the
colonies; used as an example for future American governments
7.
FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR – war fought in North America between Britain
and France over disputed land; led to taxation of the colonies,
fighting over the Ohio River Valley, Treaty of Paris 1963.
8.
INTOLERABLE ACTS – series of laws passed by Parliament to punish
the colonies for the Boston Tea Party (includes martial law,
quartering, closing Boston Harbor)
9.
THOMAS JEFFERSON – author of the Declaration of Independence
10.
PATRICK HENRY – Virginia assemblyman who gave a speech saying “Give
Me Liberty or Give me Death”
11.
IMPRESSMENT – the act of seizing a ship’s crew and forcing them to
serve in the Navy; one of the causes of the War of 1812 between the
United States and Britain
12.
TREATY OF PARIS, 1983 – ended the Revolutionary War and created
boundaries of the Atlantic to the Mississippi River
13.
GEORGE WASHINGTON – Commander of the Continental Army and first
President of the United States under the U.S. Constitution
14.
VALLEY FORGE – place where the Continental Army spent a devastating
winter during the Revolutionary; also place where Continental
Army was trained by Lafayette and Von Steuben
15,
UNALIENABLE RIGHTS – rights that cannot be taken away
16.
BATTLE OF HORSESHOE BEND – battle of the War of 1812 that happened
in present day Alabama; Andrew Jackson defeated the Creek
Indians here
17.
WAR OF 1812 – War fought between the United States and Britain
caused by impressments and Britain furnishing weapons to Native
Americans
18.
PAUL REVERE – warned the people of Lexington and Concord that “the
British are coming”, also painted a portrait of the Boston
Massacre which was used for propaganda
19.
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE – July 4, 1776, written by Thomas
Jefferson to give the reasons why the 13 colonies wanted to break
away from British rule
20.
Judicial Review– established by the Supreme Court case Marbury v.
Madison; gave the judicial branch the power to declare laws
unconstitutional
Mrs. Cooper
American History I
AHSGE
Vocabulary Set Two
1.
PLESSY V. FERGUSON – the Supreme Court case that declared that
segregation was legal as long as facilities were equal
(“separate but equal”)
2.
ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION – this government created after
independence was very weak because it lacked the power to tax,
had no judicial or executive branch, and lacked unity
3.
COMPROMISE OF 1850 – agreement in the slavery issue that created
California as a free state, allowed popular sovereignty in New
Mexico and Utah, banned slave trade in Washington D.C., and
created a strict Fugitive Slave Law
4.
BALANCE OF SLAVE AND FREE STATES – before the Civil War
politicians tried to maintain the same number of slave and free
states in order to maintain the same number of senators who
would support each case (examples include the Missouri
Compromise, Compromise of 1850, and Kansas-Nebraska Act)
5.
FEDERALISM – a system of shared government power between a
strong central government (e.g., Washington D.C.) and stated
governments (e.g., Montgomery)
6.
LEXINGTON AND CONCORD – first battles of the Revolutionary War
where minutemen fought the British a few miles outside of
Boston, MA
7.
UNDERGROUND RAILROAD – a route created and maintained by Harriet
Tubman to help slaves escape from the South to the North to
freedom
8.
POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY – allowing territories to decide on the
issue of slavery
9.
TARIFF – tax on imports (goods coming into a country)
10.
MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA – first capital of the Confederate States of
America; place where the Confederate government was created and
Jefferson Davis was sworn in as the president of the Confederate
States of America
11.
PROHIBITION – the banning of the manufacture, sale, and
possession of alcoholic beverages (Alabama still has this on a
county by county basis; e.g., Dale county is wet and Coffee
county is dry)
12.
FT. SUMTER – place in South Carolina where the first shots were
fired in the Civil War; event that started the Civil War
13.
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION – Statement issued by President
Abraham Lincoln that was to supposed to free the slaves in the
South
14.
MARTIN LUTHER – criticized the Roman Catholic Church with his 95
theses; stated the movement known as the Protestant Reformation
(because of this movement people will seek religious freedom in
the New World)
15.
CRUSADES – series of Christian military trips from Europe to the
Middle East to try and re-conquer the Holy Land; on these trips
Europeans were exposed to exotic goods which in turn led to
exploration
16.
REFORMATION – started by Martin Luther in an attempt to change
the Roman Catholic Church; brought people to the New World
seeking religious freedom
17.
RENAISSANCE – rebirth in intellectual thought, art, and
education in Europe from 1300 to the 1600’s; improved sailing
technique for the explorers
18.
GREAT AWAKENING – religious revival in the American colonies
that led to the unity and the questioning of British authority
19.
ERA OF GOOD FEELING – a time in United States history when one
party dominated government and politics; a result of the
Federalists loosing popularity
20.
INDIAN REMOVAL ACT – a law in 1830 that required Natives to move
west of the Mississippi River; led to the Trail of Tears.
Mrs. Cooper
American History I
AHSGE
Vocabulary Set Three
1. PROGRESS AMENDMENTS - a name given to the 16th, 17th, 18th, and
19th amendments to the constitution (16th –income tax, 17th-popular
election of senators, 18th-prohibition, 19th-voting rights for
women)
2. TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT – a movement, composed mostly of women, to rid
society of alcohol; said alcohol was demon rum and the root of all
evil)
3. TRAIL OF TEARS - name given to the route the Southeastern Natives
(Creeks, Cherokees, Seminoles) were forced to take when they were
required to leave their homeland for the reservations out West
4. JOHN LOCKE – English philosopher who influenced Thomas Jefferson;
Locke maintained that government power should come from the people
and that all people had natural rights such as life, liberty, and
happiness
5. MONTESQUIEU – French philosopher who influenced the idea of three
branches of government; this idea was used in creating the U. S.
Constitution
6. ROUSSEAU – French writer who believed government was a social
contract between the people and the government
7. PANAMA CANAL – a waterway built in Central America that prevented
ships from having to go around the southern tip of South America;
part of the United States’ desire to build an empire
8. FREDRICK DOUGLASS – former slave who became one of the more
prominent abolitionists
9. SPOILS SYSTEM – giving government jobs to your friends and
supporters; promoted in the U. S. by President Andrew Jackson
10.
MONROE DOCTRINE – President Monroe’s policy of not interfering
in Europe and Europe not interfering in the American
continent; attempt to stop European colonization in the
Western Hemisphere
11.
INDIAN RESERVATIONS – western lands the Natives were forced
to live on after they were removed from their homeland
12.
SUFFRAGETTE – name given to women fighting for a woman’s right
to vote
13.
HENRY CLAY - senator who proposed the American System which
called for improvements such as a national bank, tariff, and
roads\canals
14.
MANIFEST DESTINY – the belief that United States should own
all the land between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans; that God
wanted it to be so
15.
GETTYSBURG ADDRESS – speech given by President Abraham Lincoln
at the site of the Civil War Battle of Gettysburg (“Four score and
seven years ago”) in which he emphasized his belief in democracy
and his desire to reunite the North and the South as one country
16.
BLACK CODES – laws that limited the rights of free slaves in
the South after the Civil War
17.
ROBERT E. LEE – general of the Confederate Army in the Civil
War; surrendered to General Grant and the Union forces at
Appomattox, VA
18.
ULYSSES S. GRANT – general of the Union Army in the Civil War;
also would later serve as President of the United States
19.
RECONSTRUCTION – the period right after the Civil War when the
government was trying to bring the country back together; some
wanted to punish the South; was ended by the “compromise of 1877”
when the South agreed to let Rutherford B. Hayes be President if
troops would be removed from the South
20.
JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER – owned Standard Oil Company; created a
monopoly in the oil industry
21.
INDIAN REMOVAL ACT – a law in 1830 that required Natives to
move west of the Mississippi River; led to the Trail of Tears)
Mrs. Cooper
American History I
AHSGE voc. Set 4
EXAM
1. THEODORE ROOSEVELT – a progressive President who fought Big Business
(trusts); established the Food and Drug Act, the National Park System,
and had the “Square Deal” policy
2. ROUGH RIDERS – volunteer Calvary led by President Theodore Roosevelt
who fought in Cuba during the Spanish-American War
3. STOCK MARKET CRASH – October 29, 1929, the spark that started the
Great Depression
4. DUST BOWL – an area in the Midwest that experienced drought and wind
erosion; had a huge impact on farming and considered part of the Great
Depression
5. OPEN DOOR POLICY – created by Secretary of State John Hay; required
that no country interfere with American trading rights with China
6. POPULIST MOVEMENT – movement of farmers in the late 1800s to become
politically involved to protect their interest in America; movement
wanted to expand the money supply and regulate Big Business
7. GIBBONS V. OGDEN – a 1824 Supreme Court case that ruled that
Congress alone had the power to regulate interstate trade
8. WOODROW WILSON – President during WWI (1914-1918); originator of the
idea for a League of Nations in his peace proposal called the 14 Points
9. LUSITANIA – a ship that was sunk by as German U-boat that killed 128
Americans’ led to anti-German feelings in the united States; a cause of
US involvement in WWI
10. RED SCARE – name given the hysteria surrounding the spread of
communism
11. ELLIS ISLAND – place around New York City where thousands of
immigrants came into the U.S. to become citizens (site of the Statue of
Liberty); the immigrants faced racism and a series of laws to limit
immigration and activities (Chinese Exclusion Act, Emergency Quota Act,
National Origins Act)
12. YELLOW JOURNALISM – form of sensationalized journalism with
disregard to the truth; created anti-Spanish feelings which led to the
Spanish-American War 1898
13. GREAT DEPRESSION – 1929-1941 a time when unemployment was high
banks failed, and businesses closed
14. HERBERT HOOVER – President during the Great Depression; many blame
him for the Great Depression; he said that it was up to individuals to
solve the problems of business depression not government
15 FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT – President who originated the idea of the New
Deal to help the U.S. get out of the Great Depression; also President
during WWII (1939-1945); also broke Washington’s no third term for U.S.
President tradition
16. ADOLF HITLER – leader of Germany and the Nazi Party; responsible
for the Holocaust (killing of the Jews); led Germany in WWII
17. NAZIS – the political party of Germany before and during WWII;
Hitler was its leader
18. WAR BONDS – loans made to the government with the promise the
government will pay back with interest (e.g., savings bonds)
19. D-DAY – name given to the day the Allies (U.S. and Britain)
attacked the mainland of Europe to defeat Hitler in WWII
20. CORNELIUS VANDERBILT – one of the “robber barons” who made his
fortune from the railroad industry; Vanderbilt University is named for
him
Mrs. Cooper
American History I
November 9, 2009
AHSGE vocab. Set 5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
SOCIAL SECURITY – one of the President Roosevelt’s New Deal
programs that provided retirement to all workers in their older
years
HOMESTEAD ACT – a law that gave settlers who would move west and
farm for five years ownership of that land; encouraged western
settlement
TVA- Tennessee Valley Authority; established hydroelectric dams
on the Tennessee River; was a relief program by the government
to end the Great Depression; had a huge impact on northern
Alabama.
WPA- Works Progress Administration; established by Congress in
1935 to provide relief during the Great Depression; employed 3.2
million people to make internal improvements such as building
government buildings
SHOT HEARD AROUND THE WORLD- phrase given to the shots fired at
Lexington and Concord, MA, the first battles between the
colonial minutemen and the British in the Revolutionary War
PREAMBLE-the opening paragraph to the U.S. Constitution that
explains the purposes of the new government under the U.S.
Constitution
13TH AMENDMENT - abolished slavery
14TH AMENDMENT – Rights of Citizens
15TH AMENDMENT – Right to Vote
16TH AMENDMENT – Income Tax
17TH AMENDMENT – Direct Election of Senators
18TH AMENDMENT – PROHIBITION
19th AMENDMENT- Women the right to vote
ANDREW CARNEGIE- one of the famous “robber barons” that created
a business monopoly in the railroad industry; believed people
with wealth should use it to help the poor; this idea is known
as the “Gospel of Wealth”
MIDNIGHT JUDGES- Name given to those judges appointed by
President Adams before leaving office; led to the supreme Court
case Marbury v. Madison which led to Judicial Review
IDA TARBELL- wrote the History of Standard Oil Company in which
she exposed the ruthless practices of the oil business; she was
considered a muckraker, one who wrote of abuses of business on
workers and consumers.
UPTON SINCLAIR- a muckraker who wrote The Jungle in which he
exposed the miserable working conditions of the meat packing
industry in Chicago.
PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT- fought to rid the United States of corrupt
business and government beginning in the 1890s.
19.
20.
RESULT OF FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR- led to taxation of the 13
colonies which led to the American Revolution which led to U.S.
independence.
WC HANDY- born in Florence, Alabama; popularized many Blues
songs during the 1920s.
Mrs. Cooper
American History I
December 10, 2009
AHSGE vocab. Set 6
1. FDIC- the Federal Deposit Insurance corporation which was established
as part of the New Deal to keep people from taking money out of the bank
during and after the Great Depression; the gov’t guarantees that your
money will be available to withdraw.
2. ELIZABETH CADY STANTON- organized the first women’s rights convention
at Seneca Falls; she fought for a woman’s right to vote.
3. ANTI-TRUST- during the Progressive movement trusts were a target and
the progressives tried to get laws passed to make them illegal.
4. LOUISIANA PURCHASE-land acquired from France in 1803 by President
Thomas Jefferson; the land doubled the size of the United States; it was
explored by Lewis and Clark; Sacajewea served as their guide; it
increased the power of the presidency
5. Isolationism- the policy of the United States at the beginning of WWI
(1914-1918) and WWII (1939-1945)
6. Military Leaders of WWII- Dwight D. Eisenhower served in Europe;
Douglas MacArthur served in the Pacific; George S. Patton was a Tank
commander
7. World War II Allies- Great Britain, United States, France, and the
Soviet Union
8. Pearl Harbor- site in Hawaii attacked by Japanese forces in 1941; is
the reason the United States entered WWII
9. Atomic Bombs- The United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese
cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki; this led the Japanese to surrender and
helped bring an end to WWII
10. New Deal- Franklin Roosevelt’s programs to get the US out of the
Great Depression; led to huge federal spending
11. Prohibition- resulted in bootleggers (those who sale alcohol
illegally), speakeasies (places that sold illegal alcohol), and the 18th
Amendment
12. Treaty of Versailles- ended WWI; called for Germany to pay war
reparations and to disarm; also called for the League of Nations
13. WWI Weapons- the tank, poison gas, and submarine were first widely
used
14. Imperialism- time when the U.S. looked to take over areas for
natural resources and new markets (e.g., Hawaii, Cuba, Panama Canal
Zone, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines)
15. Regulating Business- between 1887 and 1914 the government tried to
regulate Big Business with the following legislation: Interstate
commerce Act, Sherman Antitrust Act, Clayton Antitrust Act, and Federal
Trade Commission Act
16. George Washington Carver- African-American agricultural researcher
who worked at Tuskegee Institute, AL.
17. Booker T. Washington- African-American founder of Tuskegee Institute
in Tuskegee, AL
18. W.E.B. DU BOIS- African-American social reformer who helped found
the NAACP
19. New Industry- inventions like the telephone, typewriter, and
telegraph led to new industries and jobs in the U.S.
20. Native Battles in Late 1800s- called Frontier Wars; most battles
took place out in the Great Plains such as Montana
21. Horace Mann- father of education reform