Download Final Exam Review Packet 1 with Answers

Final Exam Review
Freedmen’s Bureau – Provided food, clothing, and medical services for
freedmen after the Civil War.
Thirteenth Amendment – Abolished slavery in all parts of the United States.
Fourteenth Amendment – Granted full citizenship to anyone born within the
United States.
Black Codes – Law passed in the South just after the Civil War aimed at
controlling freedmen and enabling plantation owners to exploit African
American workers.
scalawags – Name given by former Confederates to Southern whites who
supported Republican Reconstruction of the South.
carpetbaggers – Name given to Northern whites who moved South after the
Civil War and supported the Republicans.
segregation – The separation of people by race, color, religion, or gender.
The Great Depression – (1930’s) Time of wide spread poverty. Over 20% of
the population was unemployed. FDR constructed the New Deal to create
jobs and help the U.S get out of The Great Depression.
Henry Ford – Pioneered the assembly line which led to mass production of
the automobile (Model T) making the car affordable.
John D. Rockefeller – Made his money from oil by using horizontal
integration. He was a philanthropist.
Andrew Carnegie – Made his money in steel by using vertical integration.
He was a philanthropist.
Ellis Island – Where the European immigrants were processed as they
entered the U.S
Angel Island – Where the Asian immigrants were processed
tenement – A building where several families rent rooms or apartments often
with little sanitation and safety
The Gilded Age – A name given by Mark Twain. It was a name associated
with America in the late 1800’s. He referred to extravagant wealth and
terrible poverty.
Hull House – founded by Jane Addams in Chicago. It was a settlement
house for women, it provided health care and education.
muckrackers – a journalist who uncovers abuses and corruption in society.
primary – An election where you decide who your party’s candidate is.
initiative – The right of citizens to place an issue before the voters or
legislature for approval.
recall – The right that enables voters to remove unsatisfactory elected
officials from office.
suffragist – A man or woman who fights for a woman’s right to vote.
prohibition – The forbidding, by law, the making or selling of alcoholic
beverages.
Eighteenth Amendment – Prohibited alcohol. Known as the “Prohibition
Amendment”.
New Deal – Created by FDR during the Great Depression. It’s main goal
was to create jobs.
isolationism – National policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs.
imperialism – Actions used by one nation to exercise political or economic
control over smaller/weaker nations.
Axis Powers – (World War II) Italy, Germany, and Japan
totalitarian – A political system in which the government oppresses all
opposition and controls most aspects of peoples lives.
primary source – Firsthand account of an event (diary, memoir, or letter)
Treaty of Versailles – Officially ended World War I. It made Germany
accept full responsibility for the war and pay reparations to the Allies.
Hooverville – Named after Herbert Hoover, it was a shanty town during the
Great Depression.
pension – A sum paid regularly to a person usually after retirement.
Social Security Act – A law requiring workers and employers to pay a tax.
The money provides a monthly pension for retired people. (FDR – Great
Depression)
Nazi Party – National Socialist German Workers Party led by Adolf Hitler in
World War II.
Adolf Hitler – Dictator of Germany during WWII. He led the Nazi party.
Joseph Stalin – Leader of the Soviet Union during World War II.
Holocaust – The name given to the mass slaughter of Jews and other groups
by the Nazis during WWII.
cold war – The struggle over political differences between nations carried on
by methods short of war. (No actual “fighting” takes place)
Red Scare – Fear of the spread of communism during the 1920’s.
(Red = Communist)
Warren Commission – The name given to the government investigation of
the JFK assassination. It found that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone.