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Outline for Unit 3 Test
What’s The Matter With Rocks?
Main Idea: All matter has physical properties. Geologists study the
physical properties of rocks and minerals to identify them and
distinguish them. Rocks contain information about Earth’s history.
Vocabulary: Study the words below for the test.
Crust
Inner core
Luster
Streak
Sedimentary rocks
Amber
Solid
Mantle
Minerals
Texture
Igneous rocks
Metamorphic rocks
Matter
Liquid
What You Need To Know For the Test:
1. The Earth has four interior layers:
Outer core
Physical properties
Hardness
Sediments
Fossil
Mass
Gas
a. Crust – rocky outer layer
b. Mantle – made of magma; convection currents in the
mantle move the plates
c. Outer core – made of liquid metal, hot
d. Inner core – made of solid metal, very hot!
2. All rocks are made of minerals.
3. Minerals have physical properties. Physical properties are
characteristics that can be observed with our senses or
measured with tools:
a. Luster – how a mineral reflects light (examples: shiny, dull,
glassy, waxy, and metallic)
b. Streak – the true color of a rock (can be found by rubbing
a rock on a streak plate)
c. Hardness – how well a mineral resists scratching (can be
found by scratching a rock with a fingernail, a penny, or
other materials and comparing it to Mohs Hardness Scale)
4. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Mass is
the amount of matter in an object. Volume is the amount of
space that matter takes up.
5. State of matter is another physical property of matter.
There are 3 main states of matter:
State of Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Definite Volume?
Yes
Yes
No
Definite Shape?
Yes
No
No
6. All matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms.
7. Rocks are classified by how they form. The three types of rocks
are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic:
a. Igneous rocks – made from heat (magma)
b. Sedimentary rocks – made from pressure (sediments are
deposited, compacted, and cemented together)
c. Metamorphic rocks – made from heat and pressure
8. Fossils are the remains or traces of living things from long ago.
9. Fossils are usually found in sedimentary rocks. Fossils can be
used to study organisms that lived in the past and to figure out
what Earth looked like.