Download E/F Physical Science Learning Targets ALL Name: Date: Hour

E/F Physical Science
Learning Targets ALL
Name: ________________________________ Date: _________________ Hour: ___________
5.1 Organizing Elements
1. The first elements to be identified were mainly gases. T or F
2. As the number of known elements grew, so did the need to organize them into groups based
on their ______________________.
3. Circle the letter of each category that the French chemist Antoine Lavoisier used to classify
elements.
a. Gases
b. Liquids
c. Metals
d. Nonmetals
4. Mendeleev needed to organize information about 63 elements. T or F
5. Mendeleev’s strategy for classifying elements was molded on a(n)
____________________________.
6. Circle the letter of each type of information Mendeleev knew about each element.
a. Name
b. Number of protons
c. Relative mass
d. Properties
7. Mendeleev arranged the elements into rows in order of _______________________ so that
elements with similar properties were in the same _______________________.
8. Why did Mendeleev leave some locations in his periodic table blank?
9. Circle the letters of two elements that have similar properties.
a. Zinc
b. Nitrogen
c. Chlorine
d. Bromine
10. How did Mendeleev decide where to place arsenic and selenium?
11. Mendeleev was the first scientist to arrange elements in a periodic table. T or F
12. The close match between Mendeleev’s predications and the actual properties of new elements
showed ___________________________________________.
13. Circle the letter of each element that was discovered after Mendeleev published his periodic
table that supported Mendeleev’s predications and provided evidence validating the table.
a. Gallium
b. Germanium
c. Scandium
d. Aluminum
5.2 The Modern Periodic Table
1. For the modern day periodic table, elements are arranged by increasing
_______________________________.
2. Explain why the number of elements per period varies.
3. Define periodic law.
4. Label the four types of information supplied for carbon in the diagram.
a. __________________
b. __________________
A
c. __________________
B
d. _________________
C
D
5. Define atomic mass.
6. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about a carbon-12 atom.
a. It has 6 protons and 6 neutrons
b. Scientists assigned a mass of 6 atomic mass units to the atom
c. It is used as a standard for comparing the masses of all atoms
d. An atomic mass unit is defined as one twelfth the mass of a carbon 12 atom
7. Most elements exist as a mixture of two or more isotopes. T or F
8. The mass of an atom of chlorine-37 is _________________ than the mass of an atom of
chlorine-35.
9. Name the three categories into which elements are classified based on their general
properties.
10. All metals react with oxygen in the same way. T or F
11. An important property of transition elements is their ability to form compounds
__________________________________________________________________.
12. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about nonmetals.
a. Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electric current
b. Many nonmetals are gases at room temperature
c. Some nonmetals are extremely reactive and others hardly react at all
d. Nonmetals that are solids tend to be malleable.
13. Across a period from left to right, the elements become _________________ metallic and
___________________.
14. Circle the letter of each period 3 element that is highly reactive.
a. Sodium
b. Chlorine
c. Silicon
d. Argon
5.3 Representative Groups
1. Define valence electrons.
2. Elements within a group have the ___________________ number of valence electrons.
3. The reactivity of alkali metals ____________________ from the top of Group 1A to the bottom.
4. Sodium is stored under oil because it _________________________________.
5. Differences in reactivity among alkaline earth metals are shown by the way they react with
_______________________.
6. List the four metals in group 3A.
7. List the metalloids in group 4A.
8. Except for water, most of the compounds in your body contain ______________________.
9. List the nonmetals in Group 5A.
10. Name two elements in the nitrogen family that are contained in fertilizer.
11. List the nonmetals in group 6A.
12. Name the most abundant element in Earth’s crust.
13. List the nonmetals in group 7A.
14. Halogens have similar ____________________ properties but different
_____________________ properties.
15. Name three characteristics of noble gases.
16. How can an element that does not react easily with other elements be useful?
17. In general, what happens to the reactivity of elements in groups labeled A as atomic numbers
increase across a period?
18. Why was it difficult to discover the noble gases?
19. If you know that an element is solid at room temperature, do you have enough data to classify
the elements as a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid? If you know that the element is a gas at
room temperature, do you have enough data? Explain.
20. Al element on the periodic table has two naturally occurring isotopes. One isotope has an
atomic mass of about 10 amu. The other isotope has an atomic mass of about 11 amu. What
is the name of this element?
21. How many valance electrons would an element with atomic number 113 have?
22. Why are samples of the alkali metal cesium stored in argon gas?
23. Why are halogens found in nature only in compounds?
24. Which element on the periodic table has chemical properties that are most similar to those of
carbon?
25. Use the table to answer the
Element
Melting Point
X
97.80°C
Y
-259.34°C
Z
-101.5°C
Boiling Point
883°C
-252.87°C
-34.04°C
Valence Electrons
1
1
7
a. In general, where would you find elements X, Y, and Z on the periodic table?
b. Describe the state of each element at room temperature based on its melting and boiling
points.
c. Use your answers to questions a and b to indentify element Y. Explain.
26. Explain how the amount of a trace element an organism is exposed to affects the elements
ability to help or harm an organism. Use the example of selenium. (hint; page 149)
27. Fill in the chart below
Particle
Charge
Location
Mass
28. Fill in the chart below
Element
Number of
Protons
As
Number of
Neutrons
Number of
Electrons
Atomic
Mass
(amu)
42
167
Hg
27
27
Atomic
Number