Download A New Weapon, a New Trial, and a New Declaration WHAP/Napp

A New Weapon, a New Trial, and a New Declaration
WHAP/Napp
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“Sixteen hours ago an American airplane dropped one bomb on Hiroshima and
destroyed its usefulness to the enemy. That bomb had more power than 20,000 tons
of TNT. It had more than two thousand times the blast power of the British "Grand
Slam" which is the largest bomb ever yet used in the history of warfare.
The Japanese began the war from the air at Pearl Harbor. They have been repaid
many fold. And the end is not yet. With this bomb we have now added a new and
revolutionary increase in destruction to supplement the growing power of our
armed forces. In their present form these bombs are now in production and even
more powerful forms are in development.
It is an atomic bomb. It is a harnessing of the basic power of the universe. The
force from which the sun draws its power has been loosed against those who
brought war to the Far East.” ~ U.S. President Truman, August 6, 1945
What did the American President announce on August 6, 1945? Why did the
President make this decision?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Notes:
I. The Atomic Bomb
A. August 6, 1945
1- U.S. dropped atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan
2- To force a Japanese surrender…avoid more American casualties
3- 135,000 Japanese died
B. August 9, 1945
1- U.S. dropped a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki
C. August 14, 1945
1- Japan surrendered
2- Emperor spoke to people for the first time
3- Unconditional surrender
4- Allied occupation of Japan
a) Japan became a democracy
b) Emperor became a symbol but not divine
c) Women given equal rights
d) No military for war
II. Trials and a New International Organization
A. Nazi war criminals tried at Nuremberg
B. Imprisoned and executed Nazi leaders
C. Established United Nations (Replaced League of Nations)
1- International organization to promote peace and security
2- Adopted Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Questions:
1- What happened on August 6, 1945?
2- Why did this happen on August 6, 1945?
3- What happened on August 9, 1945?
4- What did Japanese officials do after August 9, 1945?
5- State three changes that occurred in Japan after World War II.
6- What happened at the German city of Nuremberg?
7- What happened to the Nazi leaders after the war?
8- What was the League of Nations?
9- What did the League of Nations replace?
10- What was the mission of the League of Nations?
11- Critical Thinking Question:
Should the Americans have dropped the atomic bomb? Support your
answer.
Excerpt adapted from
bbc.co.uk
“On the morning of 6
August 1945 an American B29 bomber, the 'Enola Gay',
dropped the first atomic
bomb used in warfare on the
Japanese city of Hiroshima.
“The original target was Kokura, but this was
obscured by cloud so the bomb was dropped on
nearby Nagasaki, an important port. About
40,000 people were killed instantly and a third
of the city was destroyed. The final death toll
was calculated as at least 50,000…
On 14 August, Japan agreed to the Allies' terms
of surrender. At midday on the following day,
Emperor Hirohito broadcast the news to the
Japanese people. It was the first time his voice
had been heard on the radio.”
Questions:
1: Why did the Allies fear any conventional
attempt to invade the Japanese islands?
_________________________________________
2: Why did the United States decide to use the
atomic bomb?
_________________________________________
3: What were some of the effects of the atomic
bomb on the people of Hiroshima?
_________________________________________
4: When were the two atomic bombs dropped
and on what cities?
_________________________________________
…The heat from the bomb
was so intense that some
people simply vanished in
the explosion. Many more
died of the long-term effects
of radiation sickness. The
final death toll was
calculated at 135,000…
Hiroshima was chosen
because it had not been
targeted during the US Air
Force's conventional
bombing raids on Japan, and
was therefore regarded as
being a suitable place to test
the effects of an atomic
bomb. It was also an
important military base. The
Allies feared that any
conventional attempt to
invade the Japanese home
islands would result in
enormous casualties, and the
bomb was seen as a way of
bringing the war against
Japan to a swift conclusion...
On the morning of 9
August, the Americans
dropped a second, bigger
atomic bomb.”
Base your answer to question 1 on the
passage below and on your knowledge of
social studies.
The German people were never more
pitiable than when they stood by and
watched this thing done. For the raiders
who were let loose on the streets and
given a day to sate [indulge] the lowest
instincts of cruelty and revenge were
indeed an enemy army. No foreign
invader could have done more harm.
This is Germany in the hour of her
greatest defeat, the best overcome by the
worst.
While many protested at the outrages,
and millions must have been sickened
and shamed by the crimes committed in
their name, many others looked on
stolidly or approvingly while the hunters
hunted and the wreckers worked. There
are stories of mothers who took their
children to see the fun
— New York Times, November 12, 1938
3. Which important principle was
established as a result of the Nuremberg
trials?
(1) Defeated nations have no rights in
international courts of law.
(2) Individuals can be held accountable
for “crimes against humanity.”
(3) Soldiers must follow the orders of
their superiors.
(4) Aggressor nations must pay war
reparations for damages caused during
wars.
4. One reason for the outbreak of World
War II was the
(1) ineffectiveness of the League of
Nations
(2) growing tension between the United
States and the Soviet Union
(3) conflict between the Hapsburg and
the Romanov families
(4) refusal of the German government to
sign the Treaty of Versailles
5. • Japan resigns from the League of
Nations, 1933
• Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis formed,
1936
• Japan invades China, 1937
• United States places embargo on
scrap iron, steel, and oil exports to
Japan, 1941
Which event occurred immediately after
2. . . . “You should take steps now to
this series of developments?
cease military resistance. Otherwise, we
(1) Manchuria became a Japanese
shall resolutely employ this bomb and all protectorate.
our other superior weapons to promptly (2) Pearl Harbor was attacked.
and forcefully end the war.”
(3) The Japanese fleet was destroyed.
This paragraph from a 1945 Allied
(4) The atomic bomb was dropped on
leaflet warned the
Hiroshima.
(1) Czechs of a German invasion
(2) Americans in Hawaii of a Japanese
attack
(3) Koreans of a Russian invasion
(4) Japanese civilians of a U.S. attack
1. This 1938 passage criticizes those
German people who did not
(1) participate in these demonstrations
(2) condemn the violent acts of
Kristallnacht
(3) support the government’s policy in
Austria
(4) resist the war effort