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Chapter 11 Fresh Water Chap 11, Sec 1 (The Water Cycle) Objectives: 1. How is Earth’s water distributed among saltwater and freshwater sources? 2. How does Earth’s water move through the water cycle? 3. How do people and other living things use water? Tech Terms: 1. water vapor – the gaseous form of water 2. groundwater – water that has filled the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock layers. 3. water cycle – the continuous process of water movement through living and nonliving parts of the environment. 4. evaporation – the process when a liquid absorbs enough energy to change into a gas. 5. transpiration – the giving off of water in the form of a gas through a plant’s leaves. 6. precipitation – water that falls to the Earth as rain, snow, hail, or sleet. 7. percolation – when water seeps into the horizons of the soil. 97% of Earth’s total water is salt water, 3% is fresh water. In addition to household purposes, people use water for agriculture, industry, transportation, and recreation. Chapter 11 Fresh Water Chap 11, Sec 2 (Water on the Surface) Objectives: 1. Describe a river system and how water flows into it. Tech Terms: 1. tributaries – smaller streams and rivers that feed into a main river. 2. watershed – (aka drainage basin) the land area that supplies water to a river system. 3. divide – ridge of land, separating neighboring watersheds. A river and its tributaries together make up a river system. Chapter 11 Fresh Water Chap 11, Sec 3 (Water Underground) Objectives: 1. How does water move through underground layers of soil and rock? 2. How do people obtain water from an aquifer? Tech Terms: 1. pores – tiny openings in and between particles of rock and soil that may contain air or water. 2. permeable – characteristic of materials such as sand and gravel, water is ABLE to pass easily through them. 3. impermeable – characteristic of materials such as clay and granite, water is UNABLE to easily pass through them. 4. saturated zone – a layer of permeable rock or soil in which the cracks and pores are completely filled with water. 5. water table – The dividing line between the unsaturated zone and the saturated zone. 6. unsaturated zone – a layer of rocks and soil above the water table in which the pores contain air as well as water. 7. aquifer – located in the saturated zone…an underground layer of rock or soil that holds water. 8. spring – a place where groundwater bubbles or flows out of cracks in the rocks. 9. recharge zone – an area located above ground where new water can seep into the ground and replenish an aquifer. 10. artesian well – a well in which water rises because of pressure within the aquifer. People can obtain groundwater from an aquifer by drilling a well, below the water table.