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BIOLOGY AP
Practice Quiz 2
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NAME_____________________________
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1. Birds (also known as aves) have adapted to high altitudes through a specialized system of breathing. (3 pts)
a) Is the partial pressure of O2 in air at the altitudes where birds fly higher or lower than at sea level?
____________
b) Briefly, describe a bird's respiratory system and how it allows for birds to survive at these high altitudes.
You may add a labeled picture to your explanation if that would help. ______________________________
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2. Insulin released from the pancreas will have all the following effects on the body (circle the appropriate level
for each statement)
a) INCREASE or DECREASE in glycogen formation
b) INCREASE or DECREASE in blood sugar levels
3. Hemoglobin is a protein that binds to oxygen. It has four subunits and each subunit carries one oxygen.
Suppose you have the following data:
Partial Pressure of
Number of
O2 (mm Hg)
oxygens carried
10
0
30
1
40
2
55
3
70
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a) Draw a graph on the right that shows the binding
capabilities of hemoglobin. Be sure to label each axis
properly. Label the curve "normal".
b) Fetal hemoglobin has a different binding curve than
normal, adult hemoglobin. Draw where you would expect
to find fetal hemoglobin on your graph.
c) pH can also affect hemoglobin binding. On the graph, draw where you would expect to find
hemoglobin that has been exposed to an acidic environment.
4. Organisms can have circulatory systems that are classified as single circulation or double circulation paths.
Fish have single circulation while human beings have double circulation.
a) Discuss the differences between single circulation and double circulation. ________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
b) Does an organism with single circulation have a higher or lower metabolic rate when compared to an
organism with double circulation? _____________________
5. An organism must be able to release the waste product of carbon dioxide from its cells.
a) What specific organelle in the cell produces Carbon Dioxide (CO2)?
b) After CO2 is released from the cell, it enters a red blood cell and undergoes a specific reaction.
i) What is the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction?
ii) What is the final product of this reaction?
c) After a blood donation, the blood is separated into various components, including plasma, platelets,
and red blood cells. Which component of the blood (AND WHY) would you find the MOST final
product of the reaction you answered in b)ii)?
6. Several different examples of respiratory surfaces can be found in the animal kingdom.
a) Why do animals that respire through their body surface have constantly moist skin?
b) Why do fish have blood vessels that flow in the opposite direction as water in the gills?
c) What advantage does a large surface area in the alveoli have for animals that use lungs?
d) Why is it advantageous for an insect to rely on tracheal systems for delivery of oxygen to individual
cells, rather than their circulatory system?
7. Suppose you are participating in a research study to look at connections between respiratory rates and
exercise. You run 2 miles and then are tested by the research assistant.
a) Would you expect the areas around your muscles to have a higher or lower than normal pH?
b) What effect would this kind of environment (the one you answered in part (a) have on hemoglobin
and its binding to oxygen?
c) Relate this effect to what you know about protein structure and R-groups. Basically, why does this
change in binding capabilities occur at a molecular level - what is happening?
d) Suppose that you measure your systolic blood pressure after this run. What effect would the
vasodilation of your capillaries have on systolic blood pressure?
8. Not too long ago, actor Dennis Quaid and his wife were in the news when their newborn twins were mistakenly
injected with a high concentration of a drug called Heparin. Heparin is an anticoagulant—a drug that prevents blood
clotting. Specifically, Heparin prevents thrombin from working. Based on this, which of the following actions will not
occur when a patient is given Heparin? (circle one)
a) Platelets will not release clotting factors.
c) There will be no prothrombin found in the blood.
b) Fibrin threads will not form to seal up damaged blood vessels. d) Platelets will not become sticky.
9. When you fly on an airplane, one of the potential complications is developing Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). This is a
condition in which a blood clot can form in a vein of the leg. The chances of developing DVT increases when a person is
inactive for a long period of time, is dehydrated, or when there is damage to the blood vessel walls.
a) Dehydration would decrease the overall volume of blood in a person. Specifically, the part of the blood that would
decrease when a person is dehydrated would be the amount of (circle one)
Plasma
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets
b) When a person is dehydrated, what effect would you expect this to have on their blood pressure? (circle one)
DECREASE
INCREASE
c) One of the things that helps prevent DVT is making sure you walk around during long plane flights or wear
compression stockings that create a squeezing effect on the calves of your legs to help blood move upwards in your veins.
Which of the following explains how the blood is moved up the legs? (check ALL that apply)
_______ The skeletal muscles around the veins push blood back towards the heart.
_______ The veins have very thick muscular walls to help push the blood forward.
_______ Valves in the veins prevent backflow of blood.
_______ High pressure from the heart helps push the blood forward in the veins.
Multiple Choice
10. Aspirin inhibits the action of platelets. Because of this, individuals who are about to undergo surgery are
advised against taking any aspirin. Which of the following will be most likely to occur if a surgery patient takes
aspirin?
a) blood vessels become weaker and will break more easily
b) blood will not be able to clot properly
c) blood will become thicker and flow slower
d) blood pressure increases
11. Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood mostly in the from of:
a) CO2 bound to hemoglobin
c) CO2 gas in the plasma
b) HCO3- in the plasma
d) HCO3- in the red blood cell
12. An organism that has very thin walls in its body and has no circulatory system is probably most likely:
a) An arthropod
c) A cnidarian
b) A fish
d) An annelid
13. Which of the following would cause the greatest increase in the rate of respiration of a human?
a) Decrease in oxygen in the environment c) An increase in carbon dioxide levels in the blood
b) An increase in hemoglobin production d) The release of vasopressin from the hypothalamus
14. What is the appropriate order of blood flow in a human?
a) left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, right ventricle, right atrium
b) right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle
c) left ventricle, left atrium, pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery, right atrium, right ventricle
d) right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary vein, pulmonary artery, left ventricle, left atrium
15. All of the following occur in red blood cells EXCEPT
a) hemoglobin carries oxygen
c) CO2 is converted into bicarbonate
b) bicarbonate is converted into CO2
d) proteins for blood clotting are stored
16. All of the following are true about fetal hemoglobin EXCEPT
a) It is a protein
b) It has a lower attraction to oxygen than adult hemoglobin
c) It is coded for by a gene
d) It does not cross into the mother's red blood cells
17. The digestive system includes each of the following EXCEPT
a) Gall bladder
b) Liver
c) Kidney
d) Small intestine