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CHPT 1 – Section 2 Notes ___ Name: __________________________per Gravity & Orbital Motion of the Earth/Moon System I. Astronomy -- the study of the universe and the objects in it, including stars, planets, and galaxies. A. “Astro” comes from the Greek word for star B. “Nomy” comes from the Greek word for law II. Gravity -- the force that attracts all objects to each other A. Force – push or pull B. Weight is the measure of the force of gravity weight does NOT stay the same on other planets B. Law of Universal Gravity – everything in the universe attracts everything else C. Strength of gravity depends on 2 factors: 1. Mass – amount of matter in an object (Does NOT change on other planets) Large mass means large gravity Smaller mass means weaker gravity 2. Distance – Increased distance means weaker gravity The closer an object is, the stronger its gravity is felt The farther an object is, the less its gravity is felt III. Inertia -- is the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion Newton’s 1st Law of Motion: an object at rest will stay at rest, & an object in motion will stay in motion until another force acts on it. IV. Orbital Motion: The moon’s motion would normally be a straight line, but since Earth’s gravity pulls it towards the Earth, the path will curve into an orbit around it. A. Inertia & gravity combine to keep the Earth in orbit around the sun B. Inertia & gravity combine to keep the Moon in orbit around Earth