Download Name - aandersonbiology

Name
7
Big
idea
Class
Date
Cell Structure and Function
Cellular Basis of Life, Homeostasis
Q: How are cell structures adapted to their functions?
Chapter Summary
The diagram below shows what you will read about in this chapter and how the chapter is
organized. Study the diagram. Then answer the questions that follow.
The discovery of the cell
7.1 Life Is Cellular
Exploring the cell
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Cell organization
7.2 Cell Structure
Organelles that store, clean up, and support
Organelles that build proteins
Organelles that capture and release energy
Cellular boundaries
7.3
Cell Transport
Passive transport
Active transport
7.4 Homeostasis
and Cells
The cell as an organism
Multicellular life
1. What are the four major topics?
2. In which lesson are prokaryotes and eukaryotes contrasted?
3. What are two ways cell transport occurs?
4. What categories of organelles are discussed in Lesson 2?
Name
Class
Date
Inquiry Into Scientific Thinking
What Is a Cell? Cells come in a variety of shapes and contain an array of different structures.
Microscopes allow us to study cells. Cells can then be classified according to the structures they
contain.
Plant Cells Place a thin piece of onion skin on a slide. Add a drop of water to the onion skin. Put
a cover slip on top of the water and onion skin. Examine the slide under the microscope. In the
space below, draw what you observe. CAUTION: Handle breakable materials such as glassware
with care.
Animal Cells Obtain a prepared slide of human cheek cells from your teacher. Examine the slide
under the microscope. In the space below, draw what you observe. CAUTION: Handle breakable
materials such as glassware with care.
Analyze and Conclude
Complete the table.
1. Put an X in the Prokaryote column if the organism is a prokaryote.
2. Put an X in the Eukaryote column if the organism is a eukaryote.
Type of Organism
Eukaryote
Prokaryote
Animal
“Protist”
Bacterium
Plant
Circle the correct answer.
3. Which structure is present in a eukaryotic cell but not in a prokaryotic cell?
nucleus
cell wall
cell membrane
4. Which term best describes the complexity of prokaryotes compared to eukaryotes?
simpler
more complex
about the same
Name
Class
Date
Chapter Review
Use the clues and words to help you write the vocabulary terms from the chapter in the
blanks. You may use a word once or not at all.
endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
mitochondrion
nucleus
ribosome
chloroplast
1. structure that contains DNA in a eukaryotic cell
2. organelle that changes chemical energy in food into usable compounds
3. cell structure that makes proteins
4. internal membrane system that helps make proteins
Answer the following questions. Use the diagrams to answer Questions 5 and 6.
5. Which of the cells is a plant cell?
6. Which of the cells is prokaryotic?
7. Complete the linear concept map.
is the
diffusion
of water
through a
selectively permeable
membrane.
8. Ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus work together to
A. convert solar energy to chemical energy.
B. pass on genetic information.
C. break down and recycle materials.
D. make and deliver proteins.
Name
Class
Date
Taking a Standardized Test
Test-Taking Tip: Circle Key Words and Phrases
After you read a test question, decide what the question is asking. Read the question again. Then
circle the key words or phrases. In your mind, rephrase the question using the circled words or
phrases.
Read the following question and answer choices.
Cells are classified into two main groups. All cells that enclose their DNA in a nucleus are in the
group of
A. eukaryotes.
B. prokaryotes.
C. plants.
D. animals.
Step 1 What are the key terms or phrases? In this question, circle the key phrases: “main
groups” and “DNA in a nucleus.”
Step 2 Rephrase the question using the circled words or phrases. You might restate the
question as, “What main group of organisms has DNA in a nucleus?”
Step 3 Eliminate answers that do not apply. The question specifically asks about main
groups. You may recognize that plants and animals are both members of the group known as
eukaryotes.
Step 4 Choose one of the answers left. You have two answers left. You know that prokaryotes
do not enclose their DNA in a nucleus. The correct answer is A eukaryotes.
Self-Test
Practice what you have learned by answering the following questions. For each question,
circle the key words or phrases. Then, circle the correct answer.
1. The scientist who gave cells their name was
A. Anton van Leeuwenhoek.
B. Robert Hooke.
C. Matthias Schleiden.
D. Theodor Schwann.
2. The microscopes used in school laboratories to enlarge objects up to 1000 times are
A. light microscopes.
B. dark microscopes.
C. scanning electron microscopes.
D. transmission electron microscopes.
Name
Class
Date
3. The flexible lipid bilayer that surrounds a cell is the
A. cytoskeleton.
B. endoplasmic reticulum.
C. cell wall.
D. cell membrane.
4. Which organelle packages materials that will be shipped out of the cell?
A. centrioles
B. mitochondria
C. Golgi apparatus
D. lysosomes
5. In
, water molecules move through cell membranes.
A. osmosis
B. bulk transport
C. phagocytosis
D. endocytosis
6. In a hypertonic solution, a cell will
A. swell.
B. burst.
C. shrink.
D. stay the same.
7. Small molecules can be moved actively across the cell membrane by
A. diffusion.
B. water channel proteins.
C. proteins that act like pumps.
D. facilitated diffusion.
Short-Response Question
Answer the following question in two or three sentences.
8. A disease harms muscle cells. Why might this disease affect an animal’s digestive system?