Download Phonics Principles 2 nd grade

Phonics Principles 2nd grade
When vowels are with r in words, you blend the vowel sound with r [car, her, fir, corn, hurt]
Y sounds like e on the end of words like happy, funny, and family.
Y sounds like i on the end of words like my, sky, and by.
When there are two vowels (ai, ay, ee, ea, oa, ow), they usually make the sound of the name of the
first vowel (rain, day, meet, seat, snow).
Some letters go together and make other vowel sounds (house, cow, paw).
Some words have a vowel, a consonant, and a silent e. The vowel sound is usually the name of the
vowel (make, bone, fine, flute).
Sometimes two consonant letters stand for the consonant sound in the middle of a word (pepper,
butter, buzzer, hammer, dollar).
A person, animal, place or thing can own something. To show ownership, you add ’s to a word.
Add d to words ending in silent e to make the -ed ending and show it was in the past.
When you add -ed to a word, sometimes it sounds like /d/, sometimes it sounds like /ed/, and
sometimes it sounds like /t/.
Add s to some words to show you mean more than one (make them plural).
Add –es to words that end in x, ch, sh, s, ss, tch, or zz to make them plural. The s at the end sounds like
/z/.
To make a contraction, put two words together and leave out a letter or letters. Write an apostrophe
where the letter(s) are left out.
Double the consonant before adding –ed to words ending in a short vowel and one consonant. Add –ed
if the word ends with a vowel and a double consonant.
Double the consonant and add –er to words ending in a short vowel and one consonant.
Change the y to I and add –es or –ed to words that end in a consonant and y.
Sometimes you change the y to i and add –ed.
Change the y to i and add –es to words that end in a consonant and y to make them plural.
Some words are made shorter by using some of the letters and a period. They are called abbreviations.
Change the y to i and add –er to words that end in y.
Add -r or -st to words that end in silent e to make the –er or –est ending.
Double the consonant and add –er or –est to words that end in a short vowel and one consonant.
Change the f to v and add –es to words that end in f, fe, or if to make them plural.
Add s to words that end in a vowel and y to make them plural.
Synonyms
Antonyms
Homophones (sound same, look different, different meaning)
Homographs (sound same or different, look same, different meaning)
Recognize compound words
Recognize and read words with a Long vowel and a Short vowel
Notice and read the multiple sounds for the letter c (City, Car)
Notice the multiple sounds for the letter g (Get, Gem)
Notice the multiple sounds for the digraph th (Think, They)
Notice the sounds that oo makes in words (Good, Boom)
Know the sounds that correlate with the following digraphs (Ch, Sh, Th, Wh)
Recognize words with the long a sound (Make, Pail, Break, Day)
Recognize words with the long e sound (Beak, Hey, Eight, Straight)
Recognize words with the long o sound (Broke, Soap, Low)
Recognize words with the long u sound (Flute, Fuel)
Recognize words with the long i sound (Bite, Night)
Recognize the spelling pattern -ck and -ing
Notice the sounds that the vowel combination ea can make in words (Tea, Head, Break)