Download Table of critters

Table 18.1 (Page 1 of 2): Disclaimer: This table is a shorthand version of the topics covered in class. In
many cases you should be able to expand upon these topics!
Animal
Phylum
Symmetry
Tissue
Organiz.
Body cavity
Digestive
openings
Circulatory
system
Habitat
Respiratory
organs
Sponge
Porifera
Asymmetrical
(or “none”)
No tissues
None
None
aquatic
None; direct
diffusion over
cells
Hydra
Cnidaria
Radial
None
None
aquatic
None; direct
diffiusion esp.
over
gastrodermis
Planaria
Platyhelminthes
Bilateral
None
(Aceolomate)
One (opening
to the
gastrovascular
cavity)
None
aquatic
None:
diffusion over
body surface
Clamworm/
earthworm
Annelida: (Class
Polychaeta and
Oligochaeta)
Bilateral
2
embryonic
layers
(ectoderm
and
mesoderm)
3
embryonic
layers
(ectoderm,
endoderm
and
mesoderm)
3
embryonic
layers…
None
(intracellular;
choanocytes/
amoebocytes)
One (opening
to the
gastrovascular
cavity)
True coelom
(or eucoelom)
Two (mouth
and anus)
Closed
Aquatic/
terrestrial
Clam (we
did mussel)
Mollusca
*Know
differences
among classes of
Mollusca!
Nematoda
Bilateral
3
embryonic
layers…
True coelom
(or eucoelom)
*reduced to
space around
heart
Two (mouth
and anus)
Open (but
Cephalopoda
closed)
Aquatic
Parapodia in
Polychaeta,
body surface,
coelom
Ctenidia!
Bilateral
3
embryonic
layers. .
Pseudocoelom
Two (mouth
and anus)
None
Aquatic or
parasitic
Crayfish (or
crab)
Arthropoda:
(Subphylum
Crustacea)
Bilateral
3
embryonic
layers…
Two (mouth
and anus)
Open
Aquatic
Grasshopper
(or bee/fly)
Arthropoda
(Subphylum
Uniramia)
Bilateral
3
embryonic
layers…
Two (mouth
and anus)
Open
Terrestrial
Tracheal
system
Sea star (sea
urchin)
Echinodermata
Bilateral
(larva) ;
Pentamerous
radial (adult)
3
embryonic
layers…
Two (mouth
and anus*)
*may be
reduced in
Asteroidea
None
Aquatic,
Marine
only!
Lancelet
Cephalochordata
Bilateral
Two (mouth
and anus)
Closed
Aquatic
Tube feet;
dermal
papulae (sea
star);
peristomial
gills (urchin)
None (body
surface)
Pig
Chordata
Bilateral
3
embryonic
layers…
3
embryonic
layers…
True coelom
(or eucoelom)
*reduced to
space around
heart
True coelom
(or eucoelom)
*reduced to
space around
heart
True coelom
(or eucoelom)
*H20 vascular
system and
perivisceral
coelom
True coelom
(or eucoelom)
True coelom
(or eucoelom)
Two (mouth
and anus)
Closed
terrestrial
Roundworm
None;
diffusion over
body surface
and
pseudocoelom
Gills!
Lungs!
Table 18.1 (continued)
Animal
Phylum
Excretory
system
Locomotion
Support
system
Segmentation
Appendages
Nervous system
organization
Sponge
Porifera
None
None
No
No
None
Hydra
Cnidaria
None
Ectoderm has
contractile cells;
push against
hydrostatic
skeleton
No
No (tentacles
are extension
of the body
wall and thus
not
appendages!)
Nerve net: no brain,
ganglia or direct
nerve pathways.
Bidirectional action
potentials!
Planaria
Platyhelminthes
Muscles, plus
gliding with
cilia on secreted
mucous layer
No
No
Brain, two ventral
nerve cords
(separate) with
ladder like
connections
Clamworm
= Nereis/
earthworm
Annelida: (Class
Polychaeta and
Oligochaeta)
Flame cells
(water and
ion balance;
min.
ammonia
excretion…)
Nephridia
(kidney like
in function)
Collagen
(spongin);
spicules
Hydrostatic
skeleton =
contractile
cells push
against
water-filled
g.v. cavity
Hydrostatic
skeleton =
muscles push
against fluidfilled animal
Yes!
No (Parapodia
in Nereis are
extensions of
body wall)
Clam (we
did mussel)
Mollusca
*Know
differences
among classes of
Mollusca!
Nephridia
(kidney like
in function)
Muscular
movement
(mostly of foot);
food movement
on ctenidia with
cilia/mucus
Hydrostatic
skeleton:
muscles push
against fluidfilled coelom
Shell (or
what else for
other
molluscs?)
No (but chiton
may show
rements of
segmentation in
early Mollusca)
No (the foot is
not an
appendage!)
Roundworm
Nematoda
Lateral line
(diff. function
than lat. line
in fish!)
Back and forth
movement with
longitudinal
muscles only
(nematode
swim)
No
No
Crayfish (or
crab)
Arthropoda:
(Subphylum
Crustacea)
Antennal
(green)
glands; gills
Jointed
appendages:
muscles
operate…
Hydrostatic
skeleton:
muscles push
against fluidfilled
pseudocoelom
Exoskeleton!
Yes! Paired
and jointed
appendages!
Grasshopper (or
bee/fly)
Arthropoda
(Subphylum
Uniramia)
Malpighian
tubules
Exoskeleton!
Yes! Paired
and jointed
appendages!
Same as crayfish;
usually
consolidation of
ganglia…
Sea star
(sea urchin)
Echinodermata
None
Jointed
appendages;
wings!
Muscles
operate…
Tube feet
extended by
water pressure
from H2O
vascular
system; urchin
spines also aid
in movement
Yes: major
body segments
grouped into
body regions
(know for each
Subphylum!);
appendages also
segmented
See crayfish
above!
Dorsal brain, paired
and fused ventral
nerve cords; 1
ganglion per
segment
Reduced dorsal
brain (other
Mollusca have
brains), paired (not
fused) ventral nerve
cords, ganglia in
strategic locations
Nerve ring
(“brain”); 4 nerve
cords (ventral,
dorsal and 2
lateral); with
ganglia along
ventral nerve cord
Dorsal brain, paired
and fused ventral
nerve cords; 1
ganglion for one to
several segments
(depending upon
type)
Endoskeleton
No
Central nerve ring
(not a brain!); radial
nerves radiating
down each arm;
secondary nerve net
(not really
discussed in class)
Lancelet
Cephalochordata
Nephridia
(didn’t cover)
Segmented
muscles along
notochord &
post-anal tail
Notochord
Pig
Chordata
Kidney
Legs!
Endoskeleton
(i.e. bones!)
Yes;
segmentation of
musclesnotochord and
post-anal tail
Sim. To Sir
Lancelet
No (the arms
are continuous
with body;
perivisceral
coelom and
H2O vascular
system
continue down
arrms)
No
Arms and legs!
Dorsal brain, dorsal
hollow nerve tube
Peristalsis:
possible with
longitudinal and
circular muscles
Dorsal brain, dorsal
hollow nerve tube