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CAMPBELL
BIOLOGY
TENTH
EDITION
Reece • Urry • Cain • Wasserman • Minorsky • Jackson
33
An Introduction
to Invertebrates
Clicker Questions by
Roberta Batorsky
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following phyla have a water vascular
system?
a) molluscs
b) echinoderms
c) cnidarians
d) annelids
e) arthropods
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following phyla have a water vascular
system?
a) molluscs
b) echinoderms
c) cnidarians
d) annelids
e) arthropods
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is not a region, cavity, or
opening that is found within the body of a sponge?
a) spongocoel
b) osculum
c) mesohyl
d) mesophyll
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is not a region, cavity, or
opening that is found within the body of a sponge?
a) spongocoel
b) osculum
c) mesohyl
d) mesophyll
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following statements about molluscs
is incorrect?
a) There are over 100,000 known species.
b) They are the most diverse phylum.
c) All molluscs have the same body plan.
d) Three-quarters of living species are gastropods.
e) The phylum Mollusca has eight major clades.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following statements about molluscs
is incorrect?
a) There are over 100,000 known species.
b) They are the most diverse phylum.
c) All molluscs have the same body plan.
d) Three-quarters of living species are gastropods.
e) The phylum Mollusca has eight major clades.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The dominant invertebrate predator of the seas for
hundreds of millions of years until the mass extinction
at the end of the Cretaceous period was the
a) lamprey.
b) annelid.
c) ammonite.
d) anemone.
e) squid.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The dominant invertebrate predator of the seas for
hundreds of millions of years until the mass extinction
at the end of the Cretaceous period was the
a) lamprey.
b) annelid.
c) ammonite.
d) anemone.
e) squid.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All of the following are threats faced by freshwater
and terrestrial molluscs except
a) habitat loss.
b) pollution.
c) competition or predation by non-native species.
d) overharvesting.
e) changing how water is released from dams.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All of the following are threats faced by freshwater
and terrestrial molluscs except
a) habitat loss.
b) pollution.
c) competition or predation by non-native species.
d) overharvesting.
e) changing how water is released from dams.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The major difference between the two divisions of
annelids, the errantians and sedentarians, is that
a) sedentarians are less mobile than errantians.
b) sedentarians are more mobile than errantians.
c) sedentarians contain parapodia.
d) errantians include leeches.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
The major difference between the two divisions of
annelids, the errantians and sedentarians, is that
a) sedentarians are less mobile than errantians.
b) sedentarians are more mobile than errantians.
c) sedentarians contain parapodia.
d) errantians include leeches.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following statements about nematode
(or round) worms is incorrect?
a) Nematodes are found in most aquatic habitats.
b) They have no circulatory system.
c) They include many species that parasitize plants
and animals.
d) They play roles in decomposition and nutrient
cycling.
e) Trichinella spiralishas become a model research
organism in biology.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following statements about nematode
(or round) worms is incorrect?
a) Nematodes are found in most aquatic habitats.
b) They have no circulatory system.
c) They include many species that parasitize plants
and animals.
d) They play roles in decomposition and nutrient
cycling.
e) Trichinella spiralishas become a model
research organism in biology.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is not a general characteristic
of arthropods?
a) Arthropods have an open circulatory system
b) Arthropods have well-developed sensory organs
c) Arthropod bodies are completely covered by cuticle
d) Terrestrial arthropods have internal structures
specialized for gas exchange
e) Most arthropod sensory organs are concentrated at
the posterior end
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is not a general characteristic
of arthropods?
a) Arthropods have an open circulatory system
b) Arthropods have well-developed sensory organs
c) Arthropod bodies are completely covered by cuticle
d) Terrestrial arthropods have internal structures
specialized for gas exchange
e) Most arthropod sensory organs are concentrated
at the posterior end
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is not one of the three major
lineages of living arthropods?
a) chelicerates
b) myriapods
c) pancrustaceans
d) ophiuroidea
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is not one of the three major
lineages of living arthropods?
a) chelicerates
b) myriapods
c) pancrustaceans
d) ophiuroidea
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following pairings of phylum and
description is incorrect?
a) Echinodermata—bilateral symmetry as a larva,
coelomate
b) Nematoda—roundworms, pseudocoelomate
c) Platyhelminthes—flatworms, gastrovascular
cavity, acoelomate
d) Porifera—gastrovascular cavity, coelomate
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following pairings of phylum and
description is incorrect?
a) Echinodermata—bilateral symmetry as a larva,
coelomate
b) Nematoda—roundworms, pseudocoelomate
c) Platyhelminthes—flatworms, gastrovascular
cavity, acoelomate
d) Porifera—gastrovascular cavity, coelomate
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Scientific Skills Exercises
Researchers collected periwinkles and crabs from sites in the
northern and southern parts of the Gulf of Maine. A single crab was
placed in a cage with eight periwinkles of different sizes. (All crabs
were of similar size and included equal numbers of males and
females.) Four treatments were set up, and each treatment was
tested 12 to 14 times:
Northern crab caged with northern periwinkles
Northern crab caged with southern periwinkles
Southern crab caged with northern periwinkles
Southern crab caged with southern periwinkles
After three days, the researchers assessed the fate of the eight
periwinkles. The bar graph shows the data from this experiment.
In a second experiment, the researchers removed the bodies of
northern and southern periwinkles from their shells and presented
the bodies to northern and southern crabs. The crabs consumed
all of the unshelled periwinkles in less than an hour.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is a hypothesis the researchers
were testing in this study?
a) Through evolution, all periwinkle populations have
become less vulnerable to crab predation.
b) Through evolution, periwinkle populations with a history of
predation by crabs have become less vulnerable to crab
predation.
c) Through evolution, periwinkle populations with a history of
predation by crabs have become more vulnerable to crab
predation.
d) Through evolution, periwinkle populations without a history
of predation by crabs have become less vulnerable to crab
predation.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is a hypothesis the researchers
were testing in this study?
a) Through evolution, all periwinkle populations have
become less vulnerable to crab predation.
b) Through evolution, periwinkle populations with a
history of predation by crabs have become less
vulnerable to crab predation.
c) Through evolution, periwinkle populations with a history of
predation by crabs have become more vulnerable to crab
predation.
d) Through evolution, periwinkle populations without a history
of predation by crabs have become less vulnerable to crab
predation.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is an independent variable
in this experiment?
a) the number of periwinkles killed by crabs
b) the shell thickness of the periwinkles
c) the shell thickness of the crabs
d) the source of the periwinkles (northern or southern
sites in the Gulf of Maine)
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is an independent variable
in this experiment?
a) the number of periwinkles killed by crabs
b) the shell thickness of the periwinkles
c) the shell thickness of the crabs
d) the source of the periwinkles (northern or
southern sites in the Gulf of Maine)
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is the dependent variable in
this experiment?
a) the shell thickness of the periwinkles
b) the number of periwinkles killed by crabs
c) the shell thickness of the crabs
d) the size of the crabs’ claws
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is the dependent variable in
this experiment?
a) the shell thickness of the periwinkles
b) the number of periwinkles killed by crabs
c) the shell thickness of the crabs
d) the size of the crabs’ claws
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
How was repeatability demonstrated in this
experiment?
a) For each treatment, 12–14 crabs were offered a
selection of periwinkles.
b) Each crab was offered eight periwinkles of different
sizes.
c) Four treatments were set up, offering northern or
southern periwinkles to northern or southern crabs.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
How was repeatability demonstrated in this
experiment?
a) For each treatment, 12–14 crabs were offered a
selection of periwinkles.
b) Each crab was offered eight periwinkles of different
sizes.
c) Four treatments were set up, offering northern or
southern periwinkles to northern or southern crabs.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why did the researchers set up four treatments?
a) to vary the number of crabs (1, 2, 3, or 4) in each
cage
b) to increase the sample size in the experiment
c) to test whether the origin (northern site or southern
site) of the crabs and periwinkles affected their
interactions
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why did the researchers set up four treatments?
a) to vary the number of crabs (1, 2, 3, or 4) in each
cage
b) to increase the sample size in the experiment
c) to test whether the origin (northern site or
southern site) of the crabs and periwinkles
affected their interactions
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why did the researchers present unshelled northern
and southern periwinkles to northern and southern
crabs in the second experiment?
a) to test if either population of periwinkles was
unpalatable to either population of crabs
b) to feed crabs that were unable to open the
periwinkles provided as potential prey
c) to test if crabs preferentially selected prey based on
the color of their shells
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Why did the researchers present unshelled northern
and southern periwinkles to northern and southern
crabs in the second experiment?
a) to test if either population of periwinkles was
unpalatable to either population of crabs
b) to feed crabs that were unable to open the
periwinkles provided as potential prey
c) to test if crabs preferentially selected prey based on
the color of their shells
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following best summarizes the results
shown in the graph?
a) Crabs are more successful in preying on northern
periwinkles.
b) Crabs are equally successful in preying on northern
and southern periwinkles.
c) Crabs are more
successful in
preying on
southern
periwinkles.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following best summarizes the results
shown in the graph?
a) Crabs are more successful in preying on northern
periwinkles.
b) Crabs are equally successful in preying on northern
and southern periwinkles.
c) Crabs are more
successful in
preying on
southern
periwinkles.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Based on the results shown in the graph, how has natural
selection affected populations of flat periwinkles in the
southern Gulf of Maine over the last century?
a) Southern populations of flat periwinkles have accumulated
traits that make them more vulnerable than northern
populations to predation by European green crabs.
b) Each individual flat periwinkle in the southern population has
gradually evolved a thicker shell.
c) Southern populations of flat periwinkles have
accumulated traits that make them less vulnerable than
northern populations to predation by European green
crabs.
d) Southern populations of flat periwinkles have accumulated
traits that make them less palatable than northern
populations to European green crabs.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
Based on the results shown in the graph, how has natural
selection affected populations of flat periwinkles in the
southern Gulf of Maine over the last century?
a) Southern populations of flat periwinkles have accumulated
traits that make them more vulnerable than northern
populations to predation by European green crabs.
b) Each individual flat periwinkle in the southern population has
gradually evolved a thicker shell.
c) Southern populations of flat periwinkles have
accumulated traits that make them less vulnerable than
northern populations to predation by European green
crabs.
d) Southern populations of flat periwinkles have accumulated
traits that make them less palatable than northern
populations to European green crabs.
© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.