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Electricity Transmission: Power Plant Regardless of the fuel used, power plants use this fuel to spin a turbine which in turn assists in producing electricity Step-Up Transformer As electricity leaves the power plant, it will likely go through a step-up transformer. Stepping up the AC voltage is often necessary, as some energy will likely be lost in the transmission of electricity through the grid Transmission Lines Transmission lines are used to distribute electricity to locations that may be far away. While travelling, some of the electrical energy may lose voltage, in the form of thermal energy loss. Transformers are used to boost the energy lost. These lines eventually reach a substation in your area Step-Down Transformer Stepping voltage down is more economic for distribution to customers. Voltage is reduced here so that it can move through distribution lines. The voltage is significantly less than in transmission lines, but is still very dangerous. Distribution Lines Distribution lines carry electricity form a substation to a home or business. These lines can either be overhead or underground (more expensive). Power outages often occur between this point and your home. Step-Down Transformer Just before the electricity enters your home, voltage must be reduced once more. These transformers are much smaller in size and can be located on power line poles or on the ground, as large boxed objects. Residence Electricity goes through your home and goes through a meter which reads roughly how much electricity your household is using. Meter is generally read monthly. As power is transmitted through transmission lines a significant amount of power is lost due to thermal energy losses as large currents pass through the wires. The formula for Power is P=VI but if we substituted V=IR in for the voltage we get P= I2R. To calculate the power loss on the transmission lines, the equation P= I 2R is used. The resistance of the line is known and the current is adjusted to decrease the power loss. The equation P=VI is used to calculate the power transmitted. A transformer is used to step up the voltage (which decreases the current). This decreases the power loss (P= I2R) but still keeps the same amount of power being transmitted (P=VI). So we use high voltages to transmit our power and have the low current for minimal power loss. Question: Why is voltage stepped up on transmission lines from power plants? To answer this question compare the power lost in transmission for a 1000W line at 100V to the same power on a line at 1000V. In both cases, the resistance of the line is 1.0 Ω. First calculate the current for each scenario. Then calculate the power loss for each scenario. Your work: Review questions for Unit Test