Download Name: Date - melissalightwh1

Name:____________________
Date: ________
Chapter 14: WWI
Directions:
 View and take notes on WWII based on the Interactive website provided
 On the left take notes about what you read, see and hear under each topic
heading. Feel free to add space in each section as needed.
 The right side is for you to add comments, links, and questions (your thoughts
about WWII and how the website impacted prior knowledge on the subject.
 A separate writing piece will be required
North America:
Pearl Harbor
 Claimed the lives of 2,400
servicemen
 Large portion of U.S. fleet sunk or
damaged
 Raced to recover and repair what
they could in order to help defeat
Japan
 First attack on December 8 @ 8:12
AM
 Nearly 200 aircrafts destroyed
 The three carriers the Japanese
wanted to destroy were not present
at Pearl Harbor during the attack
 By Feb. 1942 more than 10 ships
had been returned to service or
deemed capable of sailing to the
mainland for further repairs
 Special Salvage Division worked for
over 2 years to refloat five ships
Lend-Lease Act
 Gave president authority to “sell,
lease, lend, or otherwise dispose of
any defense article” to any nation
whose defense was critical to that of
the US
 Maintained cover of U.S. neutrality
 Allowed US to provide allies with aid
 50.0 billion dollars dispersed to
countries, 31.4 billion to UK, 11.3
billion to USSR, 3.2 billion to France,
1.6 billion to China, 2.6 billion to
other countries
Women in World War II
 Women entered workforce in large
numbers
 Male enlistment left holes in
industrial labor force

What motivated the Japanese to
attack Pearl Harbor?

Are there still ships the sunk that
haven’t been recovered?

I don’t understand how this helped
the United States to stay neutral.
They were only helping out the Allied
powers.

What happened to the women who
took the men’s jobs when the war

1945 – 1 out of 4 married women
worked outside their home
 350,000 women served in US Armed
Forces
 310,000 women in aircraft industry
 “Rosie the Riveter” propaganda
 Women’s Army Corps – full military
status, WACs
 WAVES – a part of the Navy
The Draft
 June 1940 – Congress passed
Selective Training and Service Act
 Signed bill on Sept. 16 – first
peacetime draft in American history
 Act required all men between 21 and
36 to register with local draft boards
 If selected, they had to serve 1 year
 No more than 900,000 men to be in
training at once
 On first day of registration more
than 16 million American men sign
up
 After Pearl Harbor, all men between
18 and 65 were required to register
 Protests against draft
 Several violent events where African
Americans protested their induction
into a segregated army
Manhattan Project
 American scientific community
fighting to catch up with German
advances in atomic power
 U.S. gov’t authorized top-secret
program of nuclear testing and
development, codenamed “The
Manhattan Project”
 Oak Ridge, TN met requirements for
a plant
 It’s isolation made it perfect for a
top-secret program
 Population grew from 3,000 to
75,000
 Reactor at Oak Ridge produced
Uranium-235 and plutonium
 Engineers at Los Alamos responsible
for the final construction, testing and
delivery of the bombs
 Residents of Los Alamos highly
restricted
 Mail was censored, phone calls
was over?

What happened if men tried to avoid
being drafted?

Were the people chosen that
registrated chosen at random or did
the military have a method to
drafting?

I remember learning about the
Manhattan Project in chemistry last
year around the time of the
earthquake in Japan.

It amazes me how much the
population of Oak Ridge grew just
from workers moving into the area.
restricted, and interaction w/ family
was tightly controlled
 On June 16, 1945 Los Alamos
scientists detonated the first atomic
device at the Trinity test site
 That August, President Truman
approved the use of two atomic
bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
 To develop first nuclear bomb
G.I. Bill
 Congress passed G.I. Bill of Rights to
provide returning veterans with
financial assistance for education,
gov’t guarantees on low-cost loans
and overall improvements in care
 Passed b/c of fear of post-war
employment and housing crisis
 Length of benefit plan depended on
length of time served in military
The U-boat Peril
 Early 1942, German Navy
launched series of U-boat raids
on America’s Eastern Seaboard
 For six months, the boats
hovered along East Coast, posing
threat to U.S. merchant shipping
 Sunk 400 Allied ships and killed
some 2,000 crew members and
merchant marines
 U.S. command ignored British
recommendations that they
should group their ships into
convoys
 Operation Drumbeat – German
Admiral Karl Donitz
 Five U-boats inflicted great
damage – 157,000 tons of U.S.
shipping losses
Rationing
 May 1942 – OPA issued series of
four ration books to be used for a
variety of purchases
 Each household member, including
children, received a book.
 Within two weeks, 122,604,000
Americans, more than 91 percent of
population, registered.
 Rationing of food began with sugar,
and then coffee and red meat.
 Butter, milk, and eggs were never

Was there an increase in war
veterans returning to school when
they got home because they now
had financial assistance?

Did the U-boats ever target ships
with civilians on it?

Did the United States ever have
boats as advanced and efficient as
the German U-boats?

I don’t completely understand the
rationing. So if you had a ration
book you were allowed to buy the
products that were being rationed?
rationed but were scarce in some
places.
 Gasoline also rationed throughout
war
 National speed limit of 35 mph
War Propaganda
 Every country involved in WWII used
propaganda
 U.S. gov’t used films, photographs,
and advertisements
 Many featured racist/ethnic
stereotypes of enemy
 1942 – Office of War Information
began coordinating all official
propaganda efforts
Japanese Americans
 Attack on Pearl Harbor lead to
growing suspicions, motivated by
racism and fear, about loyalty of
Japanese Americans
 Roosevelt signed executive order
authorizing the War Department to
remove any individual or group from
areas of the country deemed
vulnerable to espionage or attack
 120,000 Japanese Americans were
forced from their homes and into
internment camps located in the
American West
 After Pearl Harbor, U.S. gov’t
classified all citizens of Japanese
decent as 4-C or “enemy aliens”
Europe and Africa:
D-Day
 “Operation Overload” – Allied
invasion of Western Europe was
largest amphibious assault in history
 More than 150,000 troops and 5,000
vehicles landing along a 50-mile
stretch of the northern French coast
 Marines turned to Andrew Higgins,
shipbuilder from New Orleans, for a
prototype.
 His ship was dubbed the Eureka
 Could travel through water as
shallow as 18 inches
 One setback of design was the
troops had to leave the boat over
the front or sides
 It was time-consuming and

It seems propaganda was used more
often in the past. It seems to me
that the U.S. government has not
used it as much as it did in the past
during the war on terror.

What were the conditions at
Japanese internment camps like?

Similar to what happened after 9/11.
An increase in Muslim hate crimes
occurred.

If it wasn’t for the Eureka would DDay have been as successful as it
was?
dangerous
Higgins added forward-lowering
ramp for troops to descend
Battle of Britain
 July 1940 – Germany launched
Battle of Britain to defeat the British
Air Force
 For more than 2 months Luftwaffe
and Royal Air Force pilots battled
over the English skies
 Hitler ordered for Germany to attack
British cities after Britain attacked
Berlin and killed several German
civilians
 Planes bombed London for 57
consecutive nights
 40,000 British civilians were killed
and more than one out of every six
Londoners were homeless
 Britains dubbed the raid “the Blitz”
Jews Seek Refuge
 In 1933, less than 1 percent, about
523,000 Jews, made up the German
population.
 Next 6 yrs Nazis forced 300,000
Jews to flee their homeland
 Jewish refugees – more than 9,000
children evacuated to Britain through
the Kindertransport program
 Jews increasingly subject to legal
repression, deprivation of property,
violence, and other measure
designed to force large-scale
emigration
 SS St. Louis sailed from Hamburg to
Havana
 All but 1 of the 938 passengers were
Jewish refugees from Germany
 More than 500 of the ship’s
passengers were later trapped by
the Nazi invasion of Western Europe
 254 of them would die in the
Holocaust
Yalta Conference
 Leaders of three leading Allied
Powers, the US, GB, and USSR, melt
in Yalta
 Talked about the future occupation
of defeated Germany, fate of Poland,
and other countries liberated from


Even if Germany never accidentally
dropped a bomb on the outskirts of
London I think it would have only
been a matter of time before they
attacked the cities.

How did the battle end? Did Britain
surrender?

Why did Hitler target the Jews
instead of any other group?

How many people died during the
Holocaust?

Were the children that evacuated
through the Kindertransport program
ever reunited with their families?

Was this a secret meeting? Or did
only the US, Great Britain, and
Soviet Union attend because they
were the leading powers?
Nazi rule
Churchill wanted a three-state
solution for Germany, Roosevelt
wanted the country to be divided
into multiple new nations
 Decided that Germany should be
divided into several zones, to be
occupied and reconstructed by the
Allies
Leningrad Siege
 Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) was
a symbolic and strategic target for
Adolf Hitler
 Attempt to siege Leningrad was one
of history’s most brutal and longest
sieges
 1 million citizens dead over the
course of 872 days
 June 22 1941 – Germany launched
surprise attack on the Soviet Union
 Operation Barbarossa was the
largest military attack of the war
with more than 3 million German
troops and 3,500 tanks deployed
along a 1,700 mile front.
 By the end of August, German
troops reached outskirts of the city
 German forces bombed military and
civilian targets
 Women served in front-line defense
for Soviet Union and also filled
positions in factories
 Leningrad’s only source of food and
fuel came via convoys across the
massive Lake Ladoga
Marshall Plan
 End of WWII most of Europe was in
ruins, physically and economically
 June 5 1947, US Secretary of State
George C. Marshall proposed
creation of an economic assistance
program to rebuild war-torn Europe
 Marshall Plan met with resistance
from members of both parties
 Right feared further involvement in
European affairs, left fear that the
U.S. gov’t would antagonize relations
w/ the Soviet Union and Eastern
Europe
 In effect from 1948 to 1952


Did the Germans attack the convoys
bringing food and supplies to
Leningrad?

If 1 million citizens died, then I
wonder how many servicemen died.

It’s crazy to think that this siege
lasted 872 days. I can’t image what
kind of fear the citizens of Leningrad
were experiencing

It seemed that the United States
was the only country that offered
economic aid to other countries
involved in World War II.

Were there any other countries that
helped out like the U.S. did?

Every participating country w/ the
exception of West Germany had
economically recovered from the war
The Panzer Tanks
 Panzer IV made immediate impact
on battlefield
 Had thick frontal armor and better
cross country mobility
 Weren’t deployed in large numbers
to turn the tide of battle for Axis in
North Africa
Maginot Line
 French focused on need for secure
line of defense along the FrenchGerman border
 Maginot Line named after its creator,
Andre Maginot
 Took 10 years to construct
 Consisted of large forts made of
reinforced steel and designed to
withstand almost any type of
artillery fire
 Located 9 miles apart from each
other
 Each housed 1,000 soldiers
 Between forts lays series of smaller,
less heavily defended forts big
enough for 200-500 soldiers
 Many thought the defensive
mentality of Maginot was outdated
 Wanted gov’t to build up its armed
forces and develop and produce
modern, more effective weapons
 Germany was able to exploit the
weaknesses of the Maginot line and
break down France’s defenses with
ease
Nazi Expansion
 Germany’s aggression set stage for
World War II
 Germany moved into demilitarized
Rhineland, annexed Austria,
pressured Britain to give up
demands in Czechoslovakia, and
invade Poland
 “Needed space” for the German
empire to grow
 This caused France and Britain to
declare war on Germany
 Hitler believed the “Aryan” race to

If they were so efficient for the
Germans then I don’t understand
why they wouldn’t use them while
fighting in North Africa

For something that took so long to
construct it proved to be a big
waste.

I think that smaller forts closer
together would have been more
efficient to defend the FrenchGerman border.

Where was Rhineland and why was it
demilitarized?

Who made up the Aryan race?
be superior to all others
 Hated the Jewish population
Asia:
The Atomic Bomb
 August 1945 – US forces dropped
atomic bombs on Hiroshima and
Nagasaki
 Bombs killed more than 100,000
people
 Exposed tens of thousands to deadly
radiation
 Emperor Hirohito announced Japan’s
surrender, citing the devastating
power of “a new and most cruel
bomb”
 Hiroshima soon became center for
pacifism and anti-nuclear sentiment
in Japan
 Aug. 6, 1945 – US plane Enola Gay
dropped 9,700 pound uranium
bomb, nicknamed Little Boy on
Hiroshima
 Killed 70,000 to 80,000 people
instantly
 Phrase “No more Hiroshimas” has
become a rally cry for pacifists
Nanking Massacre
 Over a period of 6 weeks, Japanese
Army forced murders hundreds of
thousands of Chinese people
 Included soldiers and civilians
 Also known as Rape of Nanking –
between 20,000 and 80,000 women
were sexually assaulted
 Entire families were massacred
 Elderly and infants included
 Bodies laid on the streets for months
after the attack
 Japanese looted and burned one
third of Nanking’s buildings
 No official numbers of death,
although estimates range between
200,000 to 300,000 people
Iwo Jima
 February 19, 1945 – 30,000 Marine
began their assault on Iwo Jima, a
small island in southern Japan
 Battle of Iwo Jima produced one of
the highest casualty rates of World
War II

Why did the United State choose to
use an atomic bomb rather than a
regular bomb?

Could you consider the atomic bomb
attacks an act of terror because the
U.S. deliberately attacked innocent
civilians?

Did the Japanese know the bomb
was coming?

The violence of the Nanking
Massacre reminds me of the
Armenian Genocide

How did the massacre come to an
end? Did the Chinese receive aid in
driving the Japanese out?

How did the capture of Iwo Jima
effect the war?

Iwo Jima was a tremendous strategic
importance to US and Japanese
forces
 Japan had 3 airstrips on the island
and fortified it heavily
 Capturing Iwo Jima would allow the
US an advance base for bombers
and fighter planes
 1945 – up to 22,000 Japanese
troops stationed in Iwo Jima
 US suffered huge losses on first day
of battle and were continually
surprised by hidden Japanese forced
and ambushes
 US still pressed on to Mt. Suribachi
 Much of Japanese gun power was
located there
 Feb. 23 – Marines captured Suribachi
Japan’s Expansion
 1930’s – Japan became more
aggressive
 1941 – aggression led to a
declaration of war by the US
 Expanded WWII into Pacific
 1940 – US gov’t issued protest after
Japan entered French Indochina
 US placed embargo on the trade w/
Japan of vital materials like steel, oil,
and iron
 In return, Japan attacked naval base
at Pearl Harbor
 Also launched simultaneous attacks
on Guam, Wake Island, and the
Philippines, and captured Thailand
and Hong Kong
The Kamikaze
 Japan gained supremacy in air w/
“Zero” fighter planes
 US learned knowledge of the Zero to
construct better planes
 As a result Japan changed tactics
 They formed a squad of kamikaze
pilots who flew planes loaded w/
explosives directly into enemy
vessels
 Proved to be devastatingly effective
Leyte Gulf
 October 1944 – Japan and US had
largest naval battle of WWII, and
one of the largest in history

The battle only lasted 4 days but
produced one of the highest casualty
rates of World War II?

Were there civilians living on Iwo
Jima or was it just for military
purposes?

Did any other country declare war on
Japan because of its aggression?

How long did the embargo on trade
with Japan last?

Did any other country use suicide
bombers during World War II?

Has the U.S. ever used suicide
bombers?

Battle was over the control of the
Philippine Islands in the South Pacific
 Miscommunication and flawed
decision making by Japanese
resulted in a US victory that crippled
Japan’s navy
 Japan assembled largest fleet its
navy would ever put together
 More than 60 battleships, carriers,
cruisers, and destroyers
 Hundreds of support vessels
 Codenamed “Operation Victory”
Death at Bataan
 April 1942 – Japanese forces
defeated US and Filipino army in the
Battle of Bataan
 Forced more than 70,000 captured
soldiers to march more than 60
miles in brutally hot weather.
 Marchers were starved, deprived of
sleep, and beaten
 Anyone who fell or complained was
executed
 Only 54,000 POWs survived the
death march
 Defeat marked largest military
surrender in American history
 Took more than a week for POWs to
reach Camp O’Donnell.
USS Enterprise
 Was most decorated US naval ship
of WWII
 19,800 pound aircraft carried
 Participated in more battles than any
other American ship
 Commissioned in 1938
 Served in more than a dozen major
battles and received 20 battle stars
for its exploits
 After Pearl Harbor it spent several
months supplying convoys in Samoa
 Nov. 26, 1943 – became first ship to
launch carrier-based night fighters
 Four months later it carried out the
first night radar bombings
Flying Tigers
 Late 1941 – US responded to
appeals from China’s Nationalist
gov’t to aid in its battle against
Japan

It’s amazing to think that Japan,
who had such a powerful navy,
assembled their largest fleet ever
and still lost the battle

How were the surviving POWs
saved?

Were there any American or Filipino
soldiers at Camp O’Donnell?

Is the USS Enterprise used at all
today?

Did this happen before or after the
Nanking Massacre?




Resulted in formation of American
Volunteer Group
Small, elite group of pilots led by the
US Army captain Claire Chennault
Known as Flying Tigers
Used surprise tactics, mobility, and
precision flying to score a string of
victories over the Japanese air force

Was it only made up of pilots?