Download Department of Education

Canisius College
Department of Education
Dr. Robert Nida
Exam 2
EDE 100
March 10, 2016
Read each item carefully and select the response that best answers the questions (2 points
each).
1.
A major reason physicians assess the initial presence of infant adaptive reflexes
and their gradual disappearance between 6 and 9 months to determine
a.
whether a number of the reflexes will disappear and give way to voluntary
movements controlled of the cerebral cortex
b.
whether an infant will be outgoing or shy
c.
whether over use caused the infant to acquire “reflex fatique”
d.
whether an infant will be an active baby versus a quiet baby
2.
A type of reflex that is essential to the infant’s survival?
a. adaptive
b. primitive
c. ancient
d. passive
3.
Eyes open, no major body movement, and regular breathing is characteristic of
which one of the following states of consciousness?
a. active sleep
b. active awake
c. quiet awake
d. crying and fussing
4.
By six months, babies sleep about ___ hours per day.
a. 4
b. 6
c. 8
d. 14
5.
Regarding young early motor skill development, babies tend to display ________
patterns of kicking, rocking, and bouncing.
a. general
b. repeated
c. diffuse
d. limited
6.
Research on breast feeding indicates that
a. breast-feeding is nutritionally superior to bottle-feeding
b. breast fed babies are less likely to suffer from diarrhea and other infections
c. breast feeding is associated with more rapid weight gain and better immune
system functioning as compared to bottle feeding
d. all of the above
e. both a and c
7.
Immunizations have been most effective when administered
a. in the first month of life and continues across childhood
b. beginning at 12 months of age
c. beginning at 2 years of age
d. only randomly and occasionally such as two booster shots
8.
Iron is an essential micronutrient in that it increases hemoglobin levels in red
blood cells. Hemoglobin is a protein compound which helps to transport
___________ to the developing brain.
a. protein
b. sugar
c. oxygen
d. carbohydrates
9.
Rosenzweig and Krech’s deprivation research with mice and Harlow’s research
with rhesus monkeys revealed that
a. mice and monkeys need both micronutrients and macronutrients
b. mice need a lot of micronutrients while monkeys need macronutrients
c. early sensory and social deprivation may lead to significant delays in brain
and motor development
d. early sensory and social deprivation may lead to significant developmental
delays in monkeys but not for rodents such as mice
10.
Inflammation of the middle ear that is caused by bacterial infection and is the
leading cause of children’s visits to physicians’ offices in the United States?
a. rubella
b. otitis media
c. HIV
d. diarrhea
11.
Lower the risk of sudden death syndrome by improving a safe sleep environment.
Recommendations include
a. making sure nothing covers the baby’s head
b. not using pillows, blankets or pillow-like bumpers in the sleep area
c. placing the baby on his or her back to sleep or for naps
d. keeping soft objects, stuffed toys, and loose bedding out of baby’s sleep area
e. all of the above
12.
Which racial and ethnic group has the lowest infant mortality rate across the U.S.?
a. Chinese American
b. African American
c. Native American
d. Caucasian American
e. Vietnamese American
13.
An infant that weighs 7 lbs at birth is likely to weigh __ lbs. at the end of the first
year.
a. 10
b. 12
c. 15
d. 21
e. 35
14.
According to your textbook, one of the most common and deadly water-born
illnesses of infancy and early childhood in developing countries is __________,
accounting for an estimated 3.5 million deaths each year.
a. otitis media
b. respiratory stress
c. diarrhea
d. SIDS
15.
The process of hardening by which soft tissue becomes bone is known as
a. myelination
b. ossification
c. fontanelization
d. otitis mediation
16.
Stamina is the capacity to sustain motor activity and is primarily linked to
a. rigorous exercise during early childhood
b. the growth of heart and lungs
c. macronutrient intake such as proteins, carbs, and fat
d. the use of jumping jacks, jump rope, and playing hopscotch
17.
Glands such as the adrenals, pituitary, testes, and thyroid are considered a part of
the
a. central nervous system
b. endocrine system
c. sympathetic nervous system
d. cardiovascular system
18.
Routine medical checkups during childhood are especially important because
a. they monitor children’s growth and motor development
b. ensure that a child is receiving a schedule of immunizations
c. provide parents with strategies for dealing with everyday parenting issues
d. all of the above
19.
The most frequent cause of death among children beyond 5-years-of age is
a. skateboarding
b. motor vehicle accidents
c. choking on gum
d. accidental poisoning
20.
One of the leading and serious health-related issues among children in the United
States, which often leads to serious health problems in adulthood?
a. excessive weight gain
b. otitus media
c. marasmus
d. kwashiorkor
21.
Children whose BMI falls at the 95th percentile (the top 5%) are considered
a. obese
b. underweight
c. overweight
d. regular weight
22.
While the percentage of overweight children was roughly 4% from 1963-1965,
the percentage of overweight children climbed to roughly ___ % between years
2007-2008.
a. 6
b. 10
c. 15
d. 20
23.
Smaller movements of the body such as reaching and grasping, scissor cutting,
and writing are associated with
a. fine motor development
b. gross motor development
c. internal motor development
d. motivational motor development
24.
According to your textbook and video, as a “general rule”
a. motor skills do not emerge until 3 or 4 years of age
b. fine motor skills develop earlier, with gross motor skills lagging behind
c. gross motor skills develop earlier, with fine motor skills lagging behind
d. fine motor and gross motor skills tend to develop at the same pace
25.
The development of _____________ in the spine and extremities allows the child
to pull up against gravity and move into upright positions, also known as
“straightening of the joints.”
a. abduction
b. extension
c. rotation
d. logistics
26.
The ability to catch a ball develops gradually, from cradling the ball against the
chest to the eventual use of the hands. This gradually blending of motor skills is
known as
a. learning
b. proprioception
c. fine motor development
d. systems of action
27.
The use of both hands to string beads, cut papers with scissors, fold paper in half,
and lace two holes in shoes would require good
a. large muscle skills
b. pincer grasp skills
c. bilateral skills
d. self-help skills
28.
Considering physical growth across childhood, the average child will add___
inch(es) in height and about ___ pounds in weight each year.
a. 1; 3
b. 2; 3
c. 2 to 3; 5
d. 2 to 3; 10
29.
According to lecture, the term associated with the development of motor skills
during the period of early childhood?
a. refinement
b. emergence
c. proprioception
d. automaticity
30.
A growth pattern that proceeds from the center of the body outward is known as
the ______________ trend and eventually leads to control over the ___________.
a. cephalocaudal; feet
b. cephalocaudal; trunk
c. proximodistal; trunk
d. proximodistal; hands
31.
The average rate of growth for children’s height and weight is represented by the
___ percentile ranking found in the CDC Growth Charts.
a. 25th
b. 40th
c. 50th
d. 75th
32.
According to the lecture notes, motor achievements are significant because they
a. increase children’s independence
b. have a powerful effect on children’s social relationships
c. allow for greater exploration and foster cognitive development
d. all of the above
33.
The best measure of a child’s physical maturity, and for diagnostic purposes?
a. skeletal age
b. height
c. weight
d. muscle mass
34.
The most important hormones for human growth are released by the
a. cerebellum
b. hippocampus
c. pituitary gland
d. corpus callosum
35.
Breast milk has been found to be nutritionally superior to cow’s milk (bottled
milk or formula) because breast milk
a. provides the correct balance fat and protein
b. ensures nutritional completeness
c. protects against many diseases
d. all of the above
e. both A and C
36.
According to the handout entitled “Changes in Gross Motor Skills During Early
Childhood,” at what age do children walk downstairs using alternating feet,
throws ball, rides a tricycle rapidly, and hops 7 to 9 times on the same foot?
a. 2-3 years
b. 3-4 years
c. 4-5 years
d. 5-6 years
37.
According to lecture, fine motor development during the early childhood years
can be fostered by providing children with opportunities to
a. ride big wheels
b. interact with small manipulatives
c. eat fresh fruit and whole grain foods
d. wash their hands before they eat
38.
According to class lecture, what maturational change “paves the way for new
motor skills,” especially involving the large muscles?
a. when the center of gravity shifts downward toward the trunk and hips
b. rapid change in the length of the arms
c. rapid change in the length of the legs
d. increase in the size of the ears
39.
Improved balance, strength, agility, and flexibility support the refinement in gross
motor development, and takes place during
a. infancy and toddlerhood
b. early childhood
c. middle childhood (school years)
d. late adolescence
40.
Significant increases in running speed (more than 18 feet per second), continuous
and fluid skipping, increases in vertical jump and broad jump, and involving the
whole body in batting a ball occurs during
a. infancy and toddlerhood
b. early childhood
c. middle childhood
d. late adolescence
41.
David Gallahue proposed that children need opportunities to use, expand, and
refine motor coordination to enhance motor fitness. The ability to move from
point to point as rapidly as possible while making successive movements in
different directions is known as
a. speed
b. agility
c. power
d. balance
42.
Considering changes in fine motor skills during early childhood, at what age are
children capable of fastening and unfastening large buttons, serves his or herself
food without assistance, uses scissors to cut paper, and copies vertical lines and
circles?
a. 2 – 3 years
b. 3 - 4 years
c. 4 - 5 years
d. 5 - 6 years
43.
An atypical movement pattern or posture in which the child’s head is turned to
one side, his or her arms is extended in front of the face, and the other arm is
flexed. This “fencing” position or pattern is known as
a. associated movement pattern
b. persistent asymmetric neck pattern
c. scissoring pattern
d. bunny hopping pattern
44.
According to lecture, nutrition plays a central role in children’s health. It was
pointed out that children in the United States are eating sufficient amount of
_____________ but not enough _____________ .
a. carbohydrates; fat
b. fat, carbohydrates
c. micronutrients; macronutrients
d. macronutrients; micronutrients
45.
Non-organic failure to thrive and psychosocial dwarfism are childhood growth
disorders primarily caused by
a. poor appetite
b. a lack of micronutrients
c. a lack of attention and emotional deprivation
d. too many immunizations administered too early in life
46.
The Center for Disease control recommends that children exercise and/or move
their bodies ____ minutes per day.
a. 25
b. 50
c. 60
d. 75
47.
Regarding emotional well-being and children’s health, chronic stress can lead to
elevated levels of __________ which may damage ___________.
a. adrenalin; muscles
b. cortisol; the hippocampus/amygdala
c. cortisol; muscles
d. none of the above
48.
For many parents, concern of the adverse side effects of childhood vaccinations
occurred after the Wakefield research appeared in The Lancet, which claimed
a. that vaccinations would increase the likelihood of contracting measles
b. that vaccinations would lead to tissue damage or scarring where the needle
entered the body
c. that vaccinations would lead to a decline in children’s positive feelings
towards doctors and nurses
d. there was a link between the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccination
and autism
49.
Which of the following health problems are associated with childhood obesity?
a. high blood pressure
b. added stress on bones and joints
c. added risk for Type II diabetes
d. cardiovascular, liver, and kidney disease
e. all of the above
50.
The leading causes of obesity and/or over-weight children?
a. sedentary lifestyle (lack of exercise)
b. too many childhood vaccinations administered too early in life
c. lack of dietary controls/ larger food portion sizes, especially in fast-food
restaurants
d. all of the above
e. both A and C