Download European History Study Guide

European History Study Guide KEY
1. List 2 facts about the Austria-Hungary empire?
Largest empire in 1900’s E. Europe, split after WWI
2. Give 3 facts about Prince Henry: opened school, nickname Navigator, Father of Navigation
3. Why was there conflict over colonies? What did they give to the nations?
Raw materials, more territory, power, manufactured goods
Define the following terms:
4. Dual Monarchy: one ruler governs 2 countries/territories
5. Nationalism: strong pride in one’s nation or ethnic group
6. Imperialism: one country taking control of another country’s gov’t and economy
7. Holocaust: killing of 6 millions of Jews and 11 million total
8. Alliance: agreement among nations to unite for a common cause
9. Fascism: supports a strong central gov’t led by a dictator and backed by military
10. WWI: conflict that occurred due to the assassination of Archduke of Austria-Hungary
11. WWII: conflict that began with Hitler’s army invading Poland
12. List 3 causes of WWI?
- colonies tensions
- archduke assassination
- new technology/new weapons
13. True or False
Adolf Hitler was responsible for WWII? TRUE
14. What happened with Russia during WWI? What did the Russians do?
Pulled out to stabilize own country, stopped Russia’s involvement in WWI Russia fell to Communists
and is now called Soviet Union
15. What purpose did the Treaty of Versailles serve?
Divided Austria-Hungary, blamed Germany for damages, Germany had to pay reparations
16. List the Ally nations during WWI? What do these nations have in common?
Russia, Italy, Great Britain (UK), U.S. France
17. What event took place in the 1900’s that fueled/ strengthen nationalistic attitudes? Imperialism/
and rise of Adolf Hitler
18. Describe the peasants role during the Russian revolution
Had no say in how things were run, very poor
19.List 3 outcomes/effects of WWI
~ divided Austria-Hungary
~Treaty of Versailles- Germany blamed
~ Germany paid reparations
List WWI Allies: U.S. U.K, Russia, Italy France
List WWI Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary
Turkey Bulgaria
20. Dictators ideology was one cause/contribution to the start of WWII? TRUE
21. List 3 things about Josef Stalin:
~ communist dictator of Soviet Union during WWII
~ ruthless led solders to war
~joined Allied powers to defeat Hitler
22. What did the Marshall Plan offer?
U.S. financial help to W.European countries after WWII
23. Describe the holocaust? Give 3 facts discrimination of Jews, Hitlers ideology, killed millions
_
24. Which country did Mikhail Gorbachev lead? Soviet Union
** What were his goals for that nation? Democracy, political and social changes
25. Which war caused the Warsaw Pact to form? WWII
Which countries did it include? E. European nations and Soviet Union,
26. Which war caused NATO to form? WWII
Which countries did it include? U.K, Canada, France, U.S. democratic nations in Western Europe
27. List 3 facts about the Cold War
~ Fears of war: nuclear weapons and WWIII ~ Purpose of war: democracy vs communism
~ Which countries were involved? U.S and Soviet Union
28.True or False, The European Union’s main goal was to connect all European governments? FALSE
- all free trade and labor within member countries of E.U
29. What was the purpose of the Berlin wall? Keep communism separate from democracy
~What did the FALL of the Berlin wall mean? freedom
30. Why did WWII lead into the Cold War? Political differences among Superpowers
31. What type of government was being encouraged in the Soviet Union in the 1980’s
A more democratic government (Perestroika and Glasnost)
32. What caused the Soviet Union/ communism to come to an end? Collapse of Berlin Wall,
Germany is Reunited and Soviet Union wanted more freedoms too.
33. List 3 causes of WWII
~ Germany invades Poland
~ rise of Adolf Hitler
~ German economic issues
34. What are 3 effects of WWII?
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Germany defeated
Soviets control E. Europe included E. part of Germany
U.S. France and U.K control W. Europe
U.S Marshall plan to rebuild W. Europe
NATO Formed
free govt’s set up in W. Europe
35. Who was part of the Allies during WWII?
Soviet Union, U.S. France, Australia, U.K
Axis in WWII? Italy, Germany, Japan
36. Where are these places located? Iberian Peninsula_____Spain and Portugal
Ural Mountains____Divide European Russia From Asia Russia
The Alps______Below Germany and Above Italy Scandinavian Peninsula____Sweden and
Norway
37. Why is Great Britain easy to defend against attack?____
Because of its geographical location: and island nation
38.Why does the United Kingdom have more trade and a higher GDP than Russia?__because UK is
more reliant on waterways.
39. Why is the European Plain in Germany more populated than the tundra of Siberia, Russia?
____Climate and access to jobs
40. The countries of Europe are relatively small and close together, because of this, most people
speak more than one language. Why?____Because they travel to the different countries
easily and need to communicate.
41. How did European countries find new markets to sell their goods and spread Christianity ?
_____Exploration and colonization and setting up imperialism
42. True or False, economic and social differences in Russia was the biggest cause of the Russian
Revolution in 1917.
43.How does the European Union attempt to strengthen economies of its member nations?
_____Reducing trade barriers and using common currency in most EU countries.
44. In the Cold War, after WWII, what nations emerged as Superpowers? _________USA and
Soviet Union
45. Why was the Iron Curtain established and why did it divide Europe during the Cold War?
_____Separated East Europe that was communist and Western Europe that was
Democratic. Citizens from each side of the iron curtain could not move freely to the
other side.
What event in European history did you find the most interesting and why?